md phd northwestern

Academic Catalog

2023-2024 Edition

Medical Scientist Training Program MD/PhD

Degree requirements.

The following requirements are in addition to, or further elaborate upon, those requirements outlined in  The Graduate School Policy Guide .

MD Coursework Requirements

Students must meet coursework and clerkship requirements of Feinberg. MSTP students may receive 12 weeks of credit towards the MD elective requirements from their PhD dissertation research.

PhD Coursework Requirements

The PhD degree requirements of the graduate program in which the student is enrolled (Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience PhD Program, Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Chemistry, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and other academic departments as applicable), generally involving three or more years of research training and dissertation preparation, must be met. MSTP students are required to take at least three to nine graduate-level courses for a grade during their enrollment in The Graduate School depending on the program the student has joined.

Other MD/PhD Degree Requirements

• Examinations:  graduate qualifying examinations for admission to candidacy
• Research/Projects:  thesis research
• PhD Dissertation:  original, independent research presented in a defensible thesis of high quality
• Final Evaluations:  defense of dissertation
• Publish:  a minimum of one first-authored peer-reviewed research article
• Other:  regular participation in MSTP Colleges Curriculum and MSTP Grand Rounds in all years; teaching assignment required by PhD programs

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PDF of the 2023-2024 The Graduate Catalog.

Our MD curriculum trains students to practice 21st-century medicine. Our educational programs are part of an integrated, learner-centered environment that promotes inquiry, continuity and evidence-based learning. The majority of students come to Feinberg through the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS).

Early Decision Program

Early decision program (edp).

Feinberg has a small, selective early decision MD program inaugurated in 2019. While preference will be given to EDP applicants who have demonstrated a strong academic performance, equally important are other attributes such as interpersonal skills, service, medically-related experiences, humanitarianism, teaching, interest in research and/or other meaningful life experiences. Prospective EDP candidates should review the Entering Class Profile . 

MD Admissions

The Doctor of Medicine program is designed to prepare students as medical professionals in a time of significant change in healthcare delivery and exciting opportunities for further advancement in the science of medicine. The curriculum, updated in 2012, is organized into three phases, emphasizing integration of four main curricular elements: Science in Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Health & Society and Professional Development.

Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP)

The MSTP program allows students to work toward both an MD and PhD degree through the medical school and The Graduate School, respectively. Students are first admitted to the medical school before applying for the MSTP.

Dual Degrees

We offer students a number of ways to personalize their education. These formal dual-degree programs may be considered after acceptance.

The MD/MPH Program allows students in the medical school to earn a Master of Public Health degree part-time in the evening while they earn an MD at Feinberg. The program is administered through the Department of Preventive Medicine. Students should first be accepted into the medical school before applying to The Graduate School.

The Master of Science in Health Services & Outcomes Research (HSOR) can be completed by taking a gap year between the third and fourth years of medical school. Students interested in improving healthcare delivery, health outcomes and health policy through research should apply to The Graduate School during the third year of the MD program.

The combined MD/MA program is designed for students at Feinberg who are interested in earning an MA in Medical Humanities & Bioethics concurrently with their MD.

Feinberg MD students can combine their medical training with a Master of Business Administration degree (MBA) from Kellogg through Northwestern's joint-degree program. Students will apply during their third year of medical school.

Other Early Admissions

We offer two other routes of admission to Feinberg for premier, qualified applicants. Each route has unique characteristics, application requirements and deadlines.

Northwestern Undergraduate Premedical Scholars Program (NUPSP)

Northwestern university premedicine linkage program (nuplp).

NUPLP allows for high-achieving Northwestern University post-baccalaureate premedicine students to accelerate enrollment in medical school by foregoing the glide year and enrolling in Feinberg’s MD program directly after finishing the requirements of the post-baccalaureate premedicine program.

Entering Class Profile

Get a sense of the Northwestern MD student through our Entering Class of 2022 profile

How to Apply

Everything you need to know about applying to Northwestern's MD program.

Student Life

Find out what it's like to be a student at Northwestern and meet some of our current students.

Physician-Scientist Training Program

The Department of Medicine’s Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP) focuses on the transition period from graduation with an MD or combined MD/PhD degree to appointment to a full-time academic position as a physician-scientist.

Find information via the Starzl Academy site

The Starzl Academy serves as an umbrella over PSTP programs across Northwestern Medicine clinical departments and seeks a community that connects individuals to the investigative component of their training throughout their programs, exposing them to the full breadth of opportunity here at Northwestern and encouraging multidisciplinary interaction and collaboration.

Applicants should apply to the Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP, 2247140C1) of the McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University through   Electronic Residency Application Service . Applicants may also apply to the Categorical Internal Medicine track (2247140C0) if they would like to be considered for the traditional three-year residency program.

In addition to their application through ERAS, applicants should submit the   online PSTP application . If not already included in ERAS, applicants should also submit a letter of recommendation from their principal research mentor. Additional letters to support an applicant and their research potential may also be submitted if desired.

Director - Leonidas Platanias, MD, PhD

He earned his medical degree and PhD from the University of Patras Medical School in Greece, and began his research career at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD. He completed a residency in internal medicine at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, and a fellowship in hematology-oncology at the University of Chicago Hospitals.

Dr. Platanias’s research focuses on cytokine signaling pathways in malignant cells and developing therapies that that target those pathways. He has published more than 370 papers, and his work has been continuously funded by the NCI for almost 30 years. He is the recipient of R01, U54, T32, and P30 awards from the NCI, and VA I01 Merit Review support.

Among his many career honors, Dr. Platanias received the Seymour and Vivian Milstein Award for Excellence in Inteferon and Cytokine Research. A member of various scientific societies, he served as President of the International Society of Interferon and Cytokine Research and in other national leadership positions. He is an associate editor and editorial board member for several scientific journals, serves on the NCI’s Subcommittee A for Cancer Centers, and has been a chair or member of many review panels, study sections, and site visit teams for the NIH, Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Department of Defense.

Since Dr. Platanias became Director in 2014, the Lurie Cancer Center has experienced dynamic growth in NCI funding, publications, and the number of patients enrolled in early-phase clinical trials, as well as the recruitment of more than 140 new faculty members. Under his leadership, the Lurie Cancer Center received the highest rating in its history from the NCI, an overall exceptional with a near-perfect impact score of 12, on the competitive renewal of its Cancer Center Support Grant in 2018.

Dr. Platanias has been a member of the Association of American Cancer Institutes’ (AACI) Board of Directors since 2018. He co-chairs the AACI’s Conflict of Interest Task Force and has served on the association’s Annual Meeting program committee. Dr. Platanias is also an elected member of the Association of American Physicians.

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Daniel J. Brat, MD, PhD  Magerstadt Professor and Chair Department of Pathology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Pathologist-in-Chief, Northwestern Memorial Hospital

About Dr. Brat

Guang-Yu Yang, MD, PhD Vice Chair of Anatomical Pathology Director of Gastrointestinal Pathology Joseph C. Calandra Research Professor of Pathology and Toxicology Professor of  Pathology (Experimental and Gastrointestinal)

About Dr. Yang 

Ritu Nayar, MD Executive Vice Chair  Director of Cytopathology  Professor of Pathology (Cytopathology) and Medical Education 

About Dr. Nayar

Gregory S. Retzinger, MD, PhD  Vice Chair of Clinical Pathology Director of Clinical Chemistry  Professor of  Pathology (Clinical Chemistry)

About Dr. Retzinger 

Peng Ji, MD, PhD  Vice Chair of Research  Professor of Pathology 

About Dr. Ji 

Christopher Cheney, MS  Department Administrator [email protected]  

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Understanding and treating genetic diseases

The mcnally lab.

Mutations in cytoskeletal and sarcomere proteins cause heart failure and muscle weakness. In the McNally Lab, we use novel computational methods to analyze whole genome sequencing from humans to identify novel genes and alleles linked to human disease. We model these mutations in human cells using induced pluripotent stem cell technologies to determine how these mutations act. We are defining gene-gene interactions using genome analysis, genome editing and quantitative trait locus mapping.

Lab Leadership

Elizabeth M. McNally, MD, PhD Director, Center for Genetic Medicine Elizabeth J. Ward Professor of Genetic Medicine Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and Cardiology in the Department of Medicine

Contact the Lab   Meet Our Team

Principal Investigator

News Center

Feinberg names 2024 mentors of the year.

Feinberg’s Medical Faculty Council ( MFC ) honored the recipients of the 2024 Mentor of the Year awards at a virtual and in-person workshop on May 29, with awardees sharing insights from their experiences mentoring students, trainees and peers.

This year’s recipients were Alan Hauser, MD, PhD , professor and vice chair of Microbiology-Immunology and of Medicine in the  Division of Infectious Diseases , and  Scott Budinger, MD , chief of Pulmonary and Critical Care in the Department of Medicine and Ernest S. Bazley Professor of Airway Diseases.

Hauser and Budinger will be recognized for their awards at the 2024 Lewis Landsberg Research Day  in September.

‘Good seeds’

A microbiologist, Hauser studies pathogenesis of the multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumonia. His lab focuses on virulence factors such as the type III secretion, an apparatus that injects toxins directly into host cells. Other interests are the use of genomic approaches for the identification of novel virulence determinants and the development of novel translational approaches to treat bacterial infection.

Hauser has been at Northwestern for 25 years. He joined Northwestern in 1999 after a fellowship in infectious diseases at the University of California San Francisco. He did his training in an MD/PhD program at the University of Minnesota.

When reflecting on his career, Hauser said he is grateful to his mentors, who instilled lessons in him that he carries into his own lab and work as a scientist. He is also director of the Medical Scientist Training Program.

“Good mentoring is like gardening,” Hauser said. “You have to have good seeds and over the years, I have had many good mentees who have made me the mentor I am today.”

Hauser highlighted the career trajectories of many of mentees and how their career paths have varied, and how many of become colleagues.

“I think it’s important to be open to adapting mentoring styles and meet the [mentee]where they are,” he said.

‘Giving back’

A pulmonologist and a professor of   Cell and Developmental Biology , Budinger seeks to understand why older people are at increased risk for poor outcomes after pneumonia.

His research uses data collected from the patients in the intensive care unit to generate hypotheses about why the lung fails to recover in older patients. Using animal and cellular models, they test those hypotheses with a goal to identify therapies that can be used to improve lung and systemic health in elderly survivors of pneumonia.

Budinger has spent his career in Chicago. He completed his undergraduate studies at Northwestern University in Chemical Engineering. He attended medical school at the University of Illinois at Chicago and then did a residency and fellowship at the University of Chicago. Like Hauser, he came to Northwestern in 1999 and has been at Northwestern for 25 years.

During the workshop, Budinger shared that he sees mentorship as an important way to give back for all the mentorship he has received in his career.

“I see mentoring happening between colleagues,” Budinger said. “It’s important to have strong leadership, but I also see friendship as important for mentoring to take place.”

Budinger emphasized that mentorship doesn’t always mean passing on advice to those who are under a leader in a hierarchy.

“Explore your environment and learn from those around you,” he said. “I almost always co-mentor students and trainees, and I think it’s beneficial for everyone.”

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Mesulam center celebrates 30th annual alzheimer day, foltz named new director of driskill graduate program, feinberg scientists to lead grant studying autism, schizophrenia.

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Mesulam Center Celebrates 30th Annual Alzheimer Day: Recognizing Scientific Achievement and Bringing Awareness to Early-Onset Dementia

By: Ananya Chandhok 

The Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease celebrated its 30th Annual Alzheimer’s Day on May 3, 2024, where researchers and community members came together to learn about recent accomplishments in the field, early-onset Alzheimer’s and community efforts raising awareness for those experiencing cognitive decline. 

Welcome Address and Duncan Prize Awardees

The program began with a welcome address by Robert Vassar, PhD, Director of the Mesulam Center and Davee Professor of Alzheimer’s Research. He recapped the active initiatives at the Center, some of which included studying the effects of music on brain waves and the Brain Scholars Program — a clinical research program teaching youth about aging and dementia in partnership with schools in the Southside of Chicago.

Vassar also spoke to the Center’s equitable inclusion through “vigorous efforts to expand diversity at all levels of dementia training research.”

Recent pharmaceutical breakthroughs in the field were discussed too. 

Clinical trial successes in understanding disease-modifying, amyloid amino therapies — Lecanamab and Donanemab — have provided a “new hope for Alzheimer’s disease,” Vassar said. 

Since receiving FDA approval, Lecanamab is now being prescribed at the Neurobehavior and Memory Clinic.

With recent discoveries and increased trial enrollments, Vassar indicated the center’s growing role in the field. 

“There’s much work left to be done, in therapeutic testing for dementia, and the Mesulam Center will continue leading the way,” Vassar said. 

Vassar concluded his remarks by thanking our research participants and their families for their involvement in research. 

“They are true heroes, who give selflessly to understand the underlying biology of devastating dementia,” Vassar said. “Our research would not be able to move forward without them.”

John Disterhoff, PhD — professor emeritus of Neuroscience — awarded the 2024 Duncan Prize to researchers studying dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

The recognition was named after Carl Duncan, a Northwestern psychology researcher who contributed to early findings on how electrical stimulation affects memory. 

The recipients for clinical and translational research were Allegra Kawles, Rachel Keszycki, Alyssa Macomber, and Molly Mather, and the basic sciences awardees were Lynn van Olst, Nalini Rao, and Zacharia Cross. 

Mendelson Lecture: “The Molecular Era of Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Treatment”

Guest lecturer Gil Rabinovici, MD — Director of the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at the University of California, San Francisco — recapped how molecular research has contributed to the field. 

Rabinovici covered how imaging advances helped detect Alzheimer’s disease early and how molecular markers helped researchers study relationships between protein build-up and cognitive decline. 

He ended by discussing how imaging techniques have led to revolutionized drug development in detecting Alzheimer’s disease. 

“What we found was that amyloid PET [scans] had a profound impact on patient management,” Rabinovici said. “Key elements of patient management, like the medications they were prescribed, or how they were counseled about safety and future planning changed in over 60% of patients.”

Quality of Life Symposium: Strides Made in Dementia Research and Prioritizing Early-Onset Awareness

Following the lecture was theQuality of Life Symposium, which focused on how different cognitive diseases, specifically younger-onset dementia, can have different presentations, struggles, and effects on family members and loved-ones. 

“Symptoms represent where the disease is. Not what it is,” said Sandra Weintraub, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Mesulam Center. 

Weintraub addressed how researchers can narrow down what part of someone’s brain is affected by differentiating between cognitive symptoms, but this is one only step in a complete diagnosis.

“If the disease is in the back of the brain, you’ll have visual-spatial issues,” Weintraub said. “If it’s on the left, you’ll have language issues. If it’s in the hippocampus, you’ll have memory issues.”

Biomarkers have helped researchers identify how Alzheimer’s presents, but there’s still ways to go for developing testing for other dementia causes, Weintraub said. 

Alzheimer’s disease’s classification into early-onset and late-onset was a major topic too.

Weintraub talked about how early-onset only affects 5 to 10% of the population, but people with this condition can potentially carry an autosomal dominant mutation, which makes the disease more likely to pass from one generation to the next. 

Darby Morhardt, PhD, LCSW, research professor and clinical social worker at the Mesulam Center, spoke about the research and awareness needed around the younger-onset because of how “differential” and “broader the diagnosis” is than late-onset. 

With the broad spectrum effects early-onset can have, families and caregivers are affected in various ways too, Morhardt said. 

“The challenge for families living with younger-onset dementia…is difficulty obtaining a diagnosis,” Morhardt said.

For many living with this diagnosis, there’s also a loss of identity. Some may have to stop working, which can be a source of self-esteem, Morhardt said. 

Diana Cose, Founding Executive Director of Lorenzo’s House — an organization supporting loved ones of people with early-onset dementia — spoke about her deeply personal experience with her husband’s early-onset Alzheimer’s diagnosis.

Cose’s struggle to find support and resources, led her to develop the community she wanted during her family’s journey. 

In an open letter to Lorenzo, her husband, Diana thanked him for allowing her to share their family’s story with children and spouses all over the country experiencing the same. 

Cose shared how she intimately understood this gap and wanted to turn “isolation and stigma to connection and strength,” by providing access to resources she wished she had. 

Three years after founding the community, Lorenzo’s House now works with over 2,000 families, across 45 states and nine countries, Cose said.  

Lorenzo’s House also provides support for children, who understand the struggles that come with supporting family members experiencing early-onset dementia, Cose said. 

Poster Session and Vendor Fair

Vendors from throughout the community shared resources for families and caregivers, who intimately understand struggles with Alzheimer’s. 

Peck Ritchey, LLC, Eli Lilly and Company, and The Alzheimer’s Association were some of the groups that attended. 

The event closed out with researchers showcasing recent findings from topics such as online intervention for primary progressive aphasia and how health disparities relate to dementia risk. 

Allegra Kawles, clinical psychology PhD candidate, was one presenter who shared her lab’s work on understanding clinical symptoms that people with dementia present. 

“What went wrong in the brain, where it went wrong, what part of the cell went wrong…that’s really what we focus on,” Kawles said. 

She said there was a lot to take away, even as a researcher, after interacting with experts from other disciplines. 

“Science and research is so important to make connections, continue learning, meet new people and learn new methods…because in order to make a discovery, you need to synthesize [research],” Kawles said. 

Kawles felt humbled by research participants’ kindness and hopes she and her fellow researchers can continue to move the field forward for them.  

“To be a part of research is to give,” Kawles said. “It’s a very selfless thing where you’re saying ‘I’m going to spend my time for years and potentially even donate my brain to this lab with the hope that someone in the future will benefit from this.”

Follow Mesulam Center on Facebook Twitter

Position Title: Co-Director for the NUCATS Center for Education and Career Development

Position Title: Co-Director for the NUCATS Center for Education and Career Development Percent Effort (Minimum – Maximum): 10-17.5% at the FY23 NIH Salary Cap ($212,000) Staff Support: CECD Assistant Director and Program Coordinator

Summary of Role

The co-director for the Center for Education and Career Development will play a pivotal role in shaping the education and career development initiatives within NUCATS. This individual will provide strategic oversight to continuously enhance the development of staff, Clinical and Translational Science (CTS) investigators (faculty and trainees), and the broader CTS workforce.

Responsibilities include

• Provide strategic leadership and vision for the CECD, aligning programs with the goals of the NUCATS Institute.
• Collaborate with key partners across Northwestern University and its clinical partners to identify training needs and develop responsive programs.
• Lead efforts to diversify and strengthen the CTS workforce through innovative recruitment and retention strategies.
• Oversee evaluation plans, ensuring relevant data informs decision-making and drives continuous improvement across CECD.
• Effectively communicate progress, challenges, and successes of education and career development initiatives with NUCATS Leadership.
• Represent the CECD and the NUCATS Institute at relevant conferences, meetings, and networking events.

Preferred Qualifications

The ideal candidate will have a deep commitment to faculty and/or staff professional development and hold the rank of associate professor or professor.

This position reports to the NUCATS multiple principal investigator team. Interested faculty members should contact Niki Woitowich, PhD , for more information, and may request a pre-application informational meeting. Please submit a letter of interest and a current CV to Woitowich. Please indicate which of the two positions is of interest to you.

Follow NUCATS on Twitter

Asian American & Pacific Islander Heritage Month

Rice university phd graduate defies the odds after being diagnosed with muscular dystrophy.

HOUSTON, Texas (KTRK) -- Doctors predicted he wouldn't make it past his 20s after being diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. Not only has Dr. Felix Wu defied the odds, but he's also been thriving after graduating from Rice University . Now, he's working towards making the world a better place for people with disabilities.

It was a day Lisa Hu and Gang Wu will never forget. Felix Wu was only about 3 years old when his family visited different doctors to find out what was impacting his mobility and causing him to fall frequently.

Finally, they got an answer from one of their physicians. It was Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). They grappled in shock when they were given a grim prognosis that their son would likely only live to be between 18 and 25 years old.

"Our world turned upside down. The landscape suddenly became something we didn't know. At the time, treatment was very limited, and there's no cure. So it was very tough for us. Our focus became to slow the progression of the disease," Hu said.

According to the Muscular Dystrophy Association , muscle weakness is the primary symptom of DMD.

It can begin as early as 2 years old, first affecting the muscles close to the core of the body and then later impacting the limbs. Children with the condition may have difficulty jumping, running, and walking.

READ MORE: Teacher refuses to let muscular dystrophy slow him down

Felix Wu shared that it was tough as a child when he couldn't participate in the same physical activities as his classmates or when he had to navigate in and out of buildings that weren't very accessible for people with disabilities. However, he said what affected him the most was how others perceived him.

"I've been questioned about what I'm able to achieve, and it's taken opportunities away from me. There's been assumptions that I'm not intelligent or mature enough to handle certain things. When I did succeed, sometimes people would assume I took some type of shortcut, and that's how I got here," Felix Wu said.

Felix Wu's condition was something his parents couldn't control. So they started focusing on what they could control, taking their son to see the world and supporting him in whatever he wanted to do.

"All we can do is give him our love and educate him as much as we can about DMD. We let him make his own decisions about his health and tell us what he wants or doesn't want to do," Hu said.

One of their favorite activities to do together as a family is visit national parks around the country, and they have been to more than 70 so far.

Felix Wu also loves playing video and board games in his spare time, such as Pokemon and Magic: The Gathering.

But Felix Wu has also always been extremely studious. To Hu and Gang Wu's surprise, he committed to doing well academically and ranking at the top of his class, pointing out that his parents never pressured him to get good grades.

"He's very self-driving, and on top of that, he's very smart. He learns things very fast. We're happy that he has been doing so good. But sometimes, we have to remind him to slow down and take care of his health," Gang Wu said.

SEE ALSO: A unique concert for boy battling muscular dystrophy

As Felix Wu reflected during Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) Heritage Month, he said his parents, who are originally from China and came to the U.S. in the 1980s for college, are the inspiration behind his success.

"I think about how lucky I am for the resources I have to this day that they didn't have. That's definitely motivated me to keep moving forward," Felix Wu said.

For the last nine years, Gang Wu has made the hour-long drive between Katy and Rice University to get Felix to class.

But this month, they took their last ride to campus. Felix Wu graduated with a PhD in psychological sciences focusing on industrial-organizational and quantitative psychology, making him a "triple owl" for earning his bachelor's and master's degrees at the prestigious institution.

"No matter what the stakes are for his future, we know Felix is going to fight. It doesn't matter if he's going to win or not, he's going to fight," Gang Wu said.

Felix Wu, who is now 26, is taking a short break before starting his new job at a consulting firm.

He told ABC13 he plans to continue using his research and data to help improve workplace conditions for people with disabilities.

"People with disabilities are employed at a far lower rate than everybody else. That's important because, economically, you need a job to actually be able to survive and thrive. This is an important area where I can bring my own experience and show that there are still a lot of things that people with disabilities can do," Felix Wu said.

For stories on Houston's diverse communities, follow Rosie Nguyen on Facebook , X and Instagram .

SEE ALSO: AAPI domestic violence survivor recalls her abusive relationship: 'I was living in survival mode'

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Pediatric Phoenix Sepsis Score Validation Challenges in Low-Resource Settings and in the ED—Reply

• 1 Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle
• 2 Department of Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
• 3 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
• Original Investigation International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock Luregn J. Schlapbach, MD, PhD; R. Scott Watson, MD, MPH; Lauren R. Sorce, PhD, RN; Andrew C. Argent, MD, MBBCh, MMed; Kusum Menon, MD, MSc; Mark W. Hall, MD; Samuel Akech, MBChB, MMED, PhD; David J. Albers, PhD; Elizabeth R. Alpern, MD, MSCE; Fran Balamuth, MD, PhD, MSCE; Melania Bembea, MD, PhD; Paolo Biban, MD; Enitan D. Carrol, MBChB, MD; Kathleen Chiotos, MD; Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, MBBS, MMed, PhD; Peter E. DeWitt, PhD; Idris Evans, MD, MSc; Cláudio  Flauzino de Oliveira, MD, PhD; Christopher M. Horvat, MD, MHA; David Inwald, MB, PhD; Paul Ishimine, MD; Juan Camilo Jaramillo-Bustamante, MD; Michael Levin, MD, PhD; Rakesh Lodha, MD; Blake Martin, MD; Simon Nadel, MBBS; Satoshi Nakagawa, MD; Mark J. Peters, PhD; Adrienne G. Randolph, MD, MS; Suchitra Ranjit, MD; Margaret N. Rebull, MA; Seth Russell, MS; Halden F. Scott, MD; Daniela Carla de Souza, MD, PhD; Pierre Tissieres, MD, DSc; Scott L. Weiss, MD, MSCE; Matthew O. Wiens, PharmD, PhD; James L. Wynn, MD; Niranjan Kissoon, MD; Jerry J. Zimmerman, MD, PhD; L. Nelson Sanchez-Pinto, MD; Tellen D. Bennett, MD, MS; Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatric Sepsis Definition Task Force; Juliane Bubeck Wardenburg JAMA
• Comment & Response Pediatric Phoenix Sepsis Score Challenges Nathan Georgette, MD; Matthew Eisenberg, MD, MPH JAMA
• Comment & Response Pediatric Phoenix Sepsis Score Challenges Jacquline Msefula, MSc; Mercy Kumwenda, MBBS, MMed; Job C. J. Calis, MD, PhD JAMA

In Reply Ms Msefula and colleagues raise an important point regarding inclusion of tests and therapies in the Phoenix Sepsis Score that, based on the global survey performed by the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Task Force, 1 may not be universally available. Msefula and colleagues have an associated concern that lack of these tests and therapies may lead to an underestimation of sepsis prevalence in lower-resource settings, substantiated by the prevalence rates we reported in lower- vs higher-resource settings (5.4%, vs 7.1%). 2

Watson RS , Schlapbach LJ , Sorce LR , Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatric Sepsis Definitions Task Force. Pediatric Phoenix Sepsis Score Validation Challenges in Low-Resource Settings and in the ED—Reply. JAMA. Published online May 30, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8447

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