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The Beginner's Guide to Writing an Essay | Steps & Examples

An academic essay is a focused piece of writing that develops an idea or argument using evidence, analysis, and interpretation.

There are many types of essays you might write as a student. The content and length of an essay depends on your level, subject of study, and course requirements. However, most essays at university level are argumentative — they aim to persuade the reader of a particular position or perspective on a topic.

The essay writing process consists of three main stages:

• Preparation: Decide on your topic, do your research, and create an essay outline.
• Writing : Set out your argument in the introduction, develop it with evidence in the main body, and wrap it up with a conclusion.
• Revision:  Check your essay on the content, organization, grammar, spelling, and formatting of your essay.

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Table of contents

Essay writing process, preparation for writing an essay, writing the introduction, writing the main body, writing the conclusion, essay checklist, lecture slides, frequently asked questions about writing an essay.

The writing process of preparation, writing, and revisions applies to every essay or paper, but the time and effort spent on each stage depends on the type of essay .

For example, if you’ve been assigned a five-paragraph expository essay for a high school class, you’ll probably spend the most time on the writing stage; for a college-level argumentative essay , on the other hand, you’ll need to spend more time researching your topic and developing an original argument before you start writing.

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Before you start writing, you should make sure you have a clear idea of what you want to say and how you’re going to say it. There are a few key steps you can follow to make sure you’re prepared:

• Understand your assignment: What is the goal of this essay? What is the length and deadline of the assignment? Is there anything you need to clarify with your teacher or professor?
• Define a topic: If you’re allowed to choose your own topic , try to pick something that you already know a bit about and that will hold your interest.
• Do your research: Read  primary and secondary sources and take notes to help you work out your position and angle on the topic. You’ll use these as evidence for your points.
• Come up with a thesis:  The thesis is the central point or argument that you want to make. A clear thesis is essential for a focused essay—you should keep referring back to it as you write.
• Create an outline: Map out the rough structure of your essay in an outline . This makes it easier to start writing and keeps you on track as you go.

Once you’ve got a clear idea of what you want to discuss, in what order, and what evidence you’ll use, you’re ready to start writing.

The introduction sets the tone for your essay. It should grab the reader’s interest and inform them of what to expect. The introduction generally comprises 10–20% of the text.

1. Hook your reader

The first sentence of the introduction should pique your reader’s interest and curiosity. This sentence is sometimes called the hook. It might be an intriguing question, a surprising fact, or a bold statement emphasizing the relevance of the topic.

Let’s say we’re writing an essay about the development of Braille (the raised-dot reading and writing system used by visually impaired people). Our hook can make a strong statement about the topic:

The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability.

2. Provide background on your topic

Next, it’s important to give context that will help your reader understand your argument. This might involve providing background information, giving an overview of important academic work or debates on the topic, and explaining difficult terms. Don’t provide too much detail in the introduction—you can elaborate in the body of your essay.

3. Present the thesis statement

Next, you should formulate your thesis statement— the central argument you’re going to make. The thesis statement provides focus and signals your position on the topic. It is usually one or two sentences long. The thesis statement for our essay on Braille could look like this:

As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness.

4. Map the structure

In longer essays, you can end the introduction by briefly describing what will be covered in each part of the essay. This guides the reader through your structure and gives a preview of how your argument will develop.

The invention of Braille marked a major turning point in the history of disability. The writing system of raised dots used by blind and visually impaired people was developed by Louis Braille in nineteenth-century France. In a society that did not value disabled people in general, blindness was particularly stigmatized, and lack of access to reading and writing was a significant barrier to social participation. The idea of tactile reading was not entirely new, but existing methods based on sighted systems were difficult to learn and use. As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness. This essay begins by discussing the situation of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe. It then describes the invention of Braille and the gradual process of its acceptance within blind education. Subsequently, it explores the wide-ranging effects of this invention on blind people’s social and cultural lives.

Write your essay introduction

The body of your essay is where you make arguments supporting your thesis, provide evidence, and develop your ideas. Its purpose is to present, interpret, and analyze the information and sources you have gathered to support your argument.

Length of the body text

The length of the body depends on the type of essay. On average, the body comprises 60–80% of your essay. For a high school essay, this could be just three paragraphs, but for a graduate school essay of 6,000 words, the body could take up 8–10 pages.

Paragraph structure

To give your essay a clear structure , it is important to organize it into paragraphs . Each paragraph should be centered around one main point or idea.

That idea is introduced in a  topic sentence . The topic sentence should generally lead on from the previous paragraph and introduce the point to be made in this paragraph. Transition words can be used to create clear connections between sentences.

After the topic sentence, present evidence such as data, examples, or quotes from relevant sources. Be sure to interpret and explain the evidence, and show how it helps develop your overall argument.

Lack of access to reading and writing put blind people at a serious disadvantage in nineteenth-century society. Text was one of the primary methods through which people engaged with culture, communicated with others, and accessed information; without a well-developed reading system that did not rely on sight, blind people were excluded from social participation (Weygand, 2009). While disabled people in general suffered from discrimination, blindness was widely viewed as the worst disability, and it was commonly believed that blind people were incapable of pursuing a profession or improving themselves through culture (Weygand, 2009). This demonstrates the importance of reading and writing to social status at the time: without access to text, it was considered impossible to fully participate in society. Blind people were excluded from the sighted world, but also entirely dependent on sighted people for information and education.

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The conclusion is the final paragraph of an essay. It should generally take up no more than 10–15% of the text . A strong essay conclusion :

• Returns to your thesis
• Ties together your main points
• Shows why your argument matters

A great conclusion should finish with a memorable or impactful sentence that leaves the reader with a strong final impression.

What not to include in a conclusion

To make your essay’s conclusion as strong as possible, there are a few things you should avoid. The most common mistakes are:

• Including new arguments or evidence
• Undermining your arguments (e.g. “This is just one approach of many”)
• Using concluding phrases like “To sum up…” or “In conclusion…”

Braille paved the way for dramatic cultural changes in the way blind people were treated and the opportunities available to them. Louis Braille’s innovation was to reimagine existing reading systems from a blind perspective, and the success of this invention required sighted teachers to adapt to their students’ reality instead of the other way around. In this sense, Braille helped drive broader social changes in the status of blindness. New accessibility tools provide practical advantages to those who need them, but they can also change the perspectives and attitudes of those who do not.

Write your essay conclusion

Checklist: Essay

My essay follows the requirements of the assignment (topic and length ).

My introduction sparks the reader’s interest and provides any necessary background information on the topic.

My introduction contains a thesis statement that states the focus and position of the essay.

I use paragraphs to structure the essay.

I use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph.

Each paragraph has a single focus and a clear connection to the thesis statement.

I make clear transitions between paragraphs and ideas.

My conclusion doesn’t just repeat my points, but draws connections between arguments.

I don’t introduce new arguments or evidence in the conclusion.

I have given an in-text citation for every quote or piece of information I got from another source.

I have included a reference page at the end of my essay, listing full details of all my sources.

My citations and references are correctly formatted according to the required citation style .

My essay has an interesting and informative title.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (e.g. font, page numbers, line spacing).

Your essay meets all the most important requirements. Our editors can give it a final check to help you submit with confidence.

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An essay is a focused piece of writing that explains, argues, describes, or narrates.

In high school, you may have to write many different types of essays to develop your writing skills.

Academic essays at college level are usually argumentative : you develop a clear thesis about your topic and make a case for your position using evidence, analysis and interpretation.

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

Your essay introduction should include three main things, in this order:

• An opening hook to catch the reader’s attention.
• Relevant background information that the reader needs to know.
• A thesis statement that presents your main point or argument.

The length of each part depends on the length and complexity of your essay .

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main point of a paragraph . Everything else in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

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English Form 1 Notes

Chapter 3 : Reading Skills

Chapter 4 : writing skills.

Treat yourself with rewards for your hard work

School Base -Online

English form 1 topics.

• Listening To And Understanding Simple Texts About A Variety Of Events And Situations
• Giving Directions
• Using A Dictionary
• Expressing Personal And Group Routines/Habits
• Expressing Ongoing Activities
• Expressing Likes And Dislikes
• Talking About One's Family
• Expressing Opinions And Feelings
• Talking About Past Events/Activities
• Expressing Future Plans/Activities
• Reading A Variety Of Texts
• Interpreting Literary Works
• Analyzing Information From The Media
• Writing Personal Letters
• Taking Notes
• Writing A Variety Of Texts

Strategies for answering exam and test questions

Click on the accordions below to see more information about how best to tackle the following question types in your exam.

Multi-choice questions

Things to remember about multi-choice questions

• Read through the options and try to eliminate the ones that aren’t right . Multi-choice questions usually have one option that is obviously wrong, and three or four others that are similar.  It is important to look carefully at how they are worded in order to select the correct  answer.
• Don’t struggle over a question . Do all of the easy questions first and come back to harder ones later to maximise efficient use of test/exam time.
• Answer all the questions . Even if you are not sure, your educated guess may well be correct. It is better to have a go at answering a question than potentially miss out on a mark.
• When you check back through your paper and think an answer is wrong - change the answer . Research indicates that you will probably be correct in doing so.

Short answer questions

Short answer questions range from a sentence or two through to a paragraph in length.

• Keep to the point . Short answers are usually two-three sentences.
• Main ideas . Your answers should incorporate the key points, words, ideas and phrases the marker will be looking for.
• Leave one or two lines after each answer . This is so you can add important points later on.
• Try to answer all the questions .  If you don’t know the complete answer, put down what you do know, as this is likely to get you some marks.

Exam essay questions

The advice here is in four parts: Time allocation | Task analysis | Planning | Presentation

Time allocation

• Use the reading time at the start of the exam to choose which essay questions you will answer .
• Check how much time you might have to answer each essay question , and stick to it. You can come back and add more to your answer in your revision time at the end of the exam session.
• If you haven’t finished your answer, jot down the rest in note form . This will show the marker what you know, and you might get some marks for it.

Task analysis

• Read the question carefully .
• Underline or highlight the content words . What is the topic?
• Pick out the instruction words in the question, e.g. identify, describe, compare and contrast, evaluate. What are you being asked to do with the topic?
• Take some time to think and plan your answer . For example: use the reading time to select which essay questions you will answer. Then use the start of the writing time (5-20mins) to make notes of all the points you remember that are relevant to the essay. General guide for timing: for 30 minutes of writing, allow 5-7 minutes for planning .
• Plan out the structure by organising your points into a logical order :e.g. by numbering them according to intended sequence.
• General writing rule for exam essays - one paragraph = one point . Follow standard essay-writing procedure, e.g. start with a topic sentence that contains your key point, and then support this with examples, explanations, and evidence.

Presentation

• Make sure your handwriting is legible . Markers should not have to decipher your handwriting. If your handwriting is illegible, it could compromise your marks.
• Make sure that you can express ideas effectively in terms of sentence structure and word use .  Incoherent sentences and incorrect terminology will likely result in the marker not being able to understand your answer properly.
• Don’t worry too much about punctuation, grammar and spelling . Getting your ideas down is more important than ‘perfect’ writing (and markers usually take this into account given that students are writing under pressure in an exam situation). However, you do need a basic level of competency in these areas: an answer that lacks any punctuation and is full of spelling mistakes will probably be incoherent for the marker.
• Don't waffle . Get straight to the point in terms of your answer so that you don’t waste time and word space on unessential or irrelevant detail. Planning your essay beforehand is key to avoiding waffle.

Problem solving questions

Usually these types of questions target formulae, steps in a process, or rules.

• Make sure you write down relevant formulas, equations, and rules . Important: For numerical problems involving computation, make sure you include the appropriate mathematical units in your final answer (e.g. ml, m/sec).
• Clearly show the steps you have taken in working out the answers.
• If necessary, write notes to explain your answers .
• Do the easier answers first , and return to the difficult ones later.

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Topikal UASA A+ English Form 1

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Keywords: Topikal UASA A+ English Form 1,Topikal UASA A+,English Form 1,English,Topical English Form 1,Topical English,KSSM,KSSM English Form 1,KSSM English,KSSM Form 1

Sem. M‘sia RM 8.30 Sabah/Sarawak RM 8.60 ISBN 978-967-466-816-7 English Book extend: 112pp Spine: 5.48 mm 1 Dr Senam Kaur Topikal UASA A+ A T + Topikal UASA English CEFR-Aligned FORM Form 1 199101016590 (226902-X) Be part of our writing team? Join us by emailing your contact details to [email protected] . Express Notes in Audio Form for Every Chapter PBD Implementation through Intensive Practice Pentaksiran Sumatif Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik (UASA) Complete Answers Intensive practices in this book are arranged in subtopics and the contents fulfil the requirements of Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran (DSKP) KSSM. Pentaksiran Sumatif has been written based on the format of Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik (UASA) Menengah Rendah issued by Lembaga Peperiksaan. Titles in this series: Subject Form 1 2 3 Sains (Dwibahasa) Matematik (Dwibahasa) Sejarah Geografi Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi Asas Sains Komputer English (CEFR-Aligned) Digital Access Jadual Tahap Penguasaan Audio Files 9 789674 668167 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

ii UNIT 1 What Are Your Interests? 1.1 Reading ........................................................... 1 1.2 Vocabulary ..................................................... 3 1.3 Reading ........................................................... 6 1.4 Reading............................................................ 7 1.5 Grammar ........................................................ 9 1.6 Writing .......................................................... 14 1.7 Writing........................................................... 16 1.8 Writing .......................................................... 18 UNIT 2 Fiction or Non-Fiction? 2.1 Reading ......................................................... 20 2.2 Vocabulary ................................................... 22 2.3 Reading ......................................................... 25 2.4 Reading ......................................................... 26 2.5 Grammar....................................................... 28 2.6 Writing .......................................................... 31 2.7 Writing .......................................................... 33 2.8 Writing........................................................... 35 UNIT 3 Weather and Natural Disasters 3.1 Reading ......................................................... 37 3.2 Vocabulary ................................................... 39 3.3 Reading ......................................................... 40 3.4 Reading ......................................................... 41 3.5 Grammar....................................................... 43 3.6 Writing .......................................................... 48 3.7 Writing .......................................................... 50 3.8 Writing .......................................................... 52 UNIT 4 Flora, Fauna and Nature 4.1 Reading ......................................................... 54 4.2 Vocabulary ................................................... 57 4.3 Reading ......................................................... 60 4.4 Reading ......................................................... 61 4.5 Grammar....................................................... 63 4.6 Writing .......................................................... 68 4.7 Writing .......................................................... 70 4.8 Writing........................................................... 72 UNIT 5 Science and Experiments 5.1 Reading ......................................................... 74 5.2 Vocabulary ................................................... 75 5.3 Reading ......................................................... 77 5.4 Reading ......................................................... 78 5.5 Grammar....................................................... 80 5.6 Writing .......................................................... 84 5.7 Writing .......................................................... 86 5.8 Writing........................................................... 88 Pentaksiran Sumatif Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik (UASA) .................90 Answers....................................................................99 Contents Contents Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 2 23/05/2023 1:46 PM

Unit 1 1 Read the text below and answer questions 1 to 18. UNIT 1 What Are Your Interests? Audio 1.1 Reading 01_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 1 13/06/2023 9:49 AM

Unit 1 2 Questions 1 to 8 Complete the following table. Choose no more than five words and/or a number from the text for each answer. For each question, write your answer in the space provided. The Dolphinarium Visited 1. Attraction of the sculptured marine life 2. Marine life were displayed in 3. The diver was seen during 4. The highlight of the dolphinarium 5. The dolphins catch props 6. Narrator’s mementos 7. 8. Questions 9 to 13 Choose one word from the text for each answer. 9. Arnold’s Dolphinarium is located in . 10. The glass tanks contained many types of life. 11. The sharks’ diet comprised of . 12. The stole the limelight at the dolphinarium. 13. The writer’s friends received dolphin-shaped keychain with their carved on it. Questions 14 to 18 Answer the following questions. 14. Would you like to visit Arnold’s Dolphinarium? Why? HOTS Evaluation 15. Are you afraid of sharks? Why? HOTS Evaluation 16. Do you think dolphin shows are cruel to the dolphins? Why? HOTS Evaluation 01_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 2 13/06/2023 9:49 AM

Unit 1 9 Textbook: pages 12, 15 & 19 1.5 Grammar Audio A Present Simple: Affirmative, Negative and Questions 1. Forming Present Simple Affirmative Structure: subject + verb + rest of sentence Subject Verb rest of sentence I You We They ride a bicycle. He She It rides 2. Forming Present Simple Negative Structure: subject + do/does + not + verb + rest of sentence Subject helping verb Verb rest of sentence I You We They do not (don’t) ride a bicycle. He She It does not (doesn’t) ride 3. Forming Present Simple Question Structure: Do/Does + subject + verb + rest of sentence + question mark Do/Does Subject Verb rest of sentence Do I you we they ride a bicycle? Does he she it ride 01_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 9 13/06/2023 9:49 AM

Unit 1 10 A Write P (positive), N (negative) and Q (question) in the space provided. 1. Does Alice play the piano? 2. My mother loves baking cakes. 3. Kamal and his friends do not go to the mall every weekend. 4. Monkeys like eating bananas. 5. Timothy and Jonathan don’t swim in the river. 6. Do Julia and Julie enjoy eating pizza? 7. My family enjoys travelling abroad. 8. Do the girls attend karate lessons? 9. Tina cooks the best tomato soup I have ever tasted. 10. Do they watch TV every night? B Rewrite these positive statements in the negative by using does not or do not. 1. I like to eat toast for breakfast. 2. He loves to play golf. 3. Kassim goes to the Art Gallery every Sunday. 4. Mother cooks chicken every day. 5. June and Jill go to the gym daily. C Turn these statements into questions. 1. The children go to the petting zoo every Saturday. 2. Your father goes hiking with his friends every weekend. 3. Your aunt loves to eat apple pie at Neil’s Cafe. 4. They go camping every month. 5. Serena reads one novel a month. 01_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 10 13/06/2023 9:49 AM

Unit 1 14 1.6 Writing A Short Communicative Message Read the email from your friend, Shanti. Hi, Holidays will begin next week. I’m thinking of taking up a useful activity. I have three activities in my mind. They are swimming, photography and baking. Which activity do you think I should do and why? Will it be able to help me in the future? Do let me know your opinion. Shanti In about 80 words, write an email to Shanti suggesting your choice of activity. To [email protected] Subject Activity for the holidays 01_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 14 13/06/2023 9:49 AM

Unit 1 15 B Notes Expansion In your class, you have been discussing with your friends about your favourite activity on the weekends. In about 70–90 words, write an essay about your favourite activity on the weekends. You may use the notes below to help you. My favourite activity on the weekends What is your favourite activity on the weekends? Why do you enjoy it? Whom do you share the activity with? Write your essay. 01_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 15 13/06/2023 9:49 AM

20Unit 2 2.1 Reading Read the text below and answer questions 1 to 21. UNIT 2 Fiction or Non-Fiction? Audio 02_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 20 14/06/2023 9:41 AM

21Unit 2 Questions 1 to 8 Complete the following table. Choose no more than five words and/or a number from the text for each answer. For each question, write your answer in the space provided. My Favourite Novel Title 1. Genre 2. Author 3. Protagonist 4. Unpleasant dream of 5. Speciality of the orphans 6. Miss Peregrine’s talent 7. Author’s target audience 8. Questions 9 to 16 Write T for true statements and F for false statements. 9. The photographs in the novel are loaned to Ransom Riggs. 10. The wise old bird is Miss Peregrine herself. 11. Jacob’s nightmare began prior to his grandfather’s death. 12. Jacob and his parents went to Wales due to the psychiatrist’s recommendation. 13. Miss Peregrine can transform herself into a bird of prey. 14. Miss Peregrine was abducted. 15. The novel lacks adventure and suspense. 16. The book is based on facts. 02_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 21 14/06/2023 9:41 AM

28Unit 2 Textbook: pages 22, 25 & 29 2.5 Grammar Audio A Past Simple: Affirmative, Negative and Questions Past simple is used: • to show past actions Example: I walked to school yesterday. • with words like: yesterday, last month, a week ago Changing verbs into simple past: • Regular verbs: – add -ed – Examples: talk – talked, visit – visited • Irregular verbs: – Examples: eat – ate, lay – laid, drink – drank, cut – cut, put – put B Forming past simple affirmative Structure: Subject + verb in the past form + rest of sentence Subject Verb rest of sentence I You We They He She It rode a bicycle. C Forming past simple negative Structure: Subject + didn’t + verb in the base form + rest of sentence Subject helping verb verb rest of sentence I You We They He She It didn’t ride a bicycle. D Forming past simple question Structure: Didn’t + subject + verb in the base form + rest of sentence? Didn’t subject verb rest of sentence Didn’t I you we they he she it ride a bicycle? 02_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 28 14/06/2023 9:41 AM

30Unit 2 A Complete the text by changing the words in the brackets into the simple past. Once upon a time, a hungry fox (1) (walk) in the forest in search of food. There (2) (is) absolutely nothing for him to eat. Suddenly, he (3) (see) a bunch of grapes. He (4) (is) delighted. Quickly, he (5) (run) towards the grape vine. However, the grapes (6) (are) very high. The fox( 7) (jump) over and over again but he (8) (can’t) reach it. The fox (9) (is) very upset. He (10) (leave) and (11) (think) to himself, “The grapes must be sour.” He (12) (continue) his search for food. B Fill in the blanks correctly with the simple past of the words in brackets. 1. I (can) read the newspaper when I was four years old. People (are) amazed with my ability. 2. Salmi (is) here yesterday as she (can’t) do the Maths homework. I helped her with it. 3. My grandfather (can’t) use a mobile phone in his younger years because there (isn’t) any WiFi. 4. Julia (can) walk for two hours a day last year because she (isn’t) working yet. 5. Puan Aminah (can) bake a lot of cakes before the birth of her son. 6. The children (can’t) come out of the room because it (is) locked. 7. I (can’t) attend the piano lessons yesterday because my parents (are) late. 8. Seeta (can) run very fast before she put on weight. 02_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 30 14/06/2023 9:41 AM

37Unit 3 3.1 Reading Read the newspaper report and answer questions 1 to 15. Landslide Kills Four KUANTAN – A landslide at Forest Hill killed a family of four yesterday. This phenomenon is due to heavy rainfall for three days. The downpour loosened the earth at the hill causing massive earth movement that covered the victim’s house at the foot of the hill. The incident happened at 8 p.m. last night. According to a witness, he was watching TV when he heard a thunderous roar as the mass of loosened earth approached. The victim’s house was completely covered by earth. A fire brigade arrived and the firefighters dug out the buried house with shovels searching for victims. After an hour, they managed to locate and drag out the bodies of Encik Rahman, his wife and two children. The landslide had also displaced three families who lived at the foot of the hill. The back of their homes were damaged. Their houses were filled with mud, water and debris. According to Puan Sabariah Ismail, there was a river of mud in her house. The doors were jammed with mud and so the family had to jump out of the hall window. “We then ran as fast as we could to save ourselves.” The landslides have destroyed parts of the homes and the cost to rebuild these parts of the home will cost RM500,000. This is not inclusive of furniture. According to an environmentalist expert, the landslide was due to deforestation at the hills as the villagers are basically vegetable farmers. Unauthorised clearing of land has resulted in excessive water runoff which is the primary reason for the disaster. Hence, the precautionary measure is to reduce deforestation and replant trees so there are more roots to absorb and store rainwater. UNIT 3 Weather and Natural Disasters Audio 03_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 37 14/06/2023 4:13 PM

50Unit 3 3.7 Writing A Short Communicative Message Read the email from your friend, Nancy. Hi, It’s the monsoon season now. My younger siblings are always bored so I have decided to plan an interesting activity that they would like to do. I’m thinking of either making some pancakes or do a Science experiment. What do you think I should do? Thank you. Nancy In about 80 words, write an email to Nancy suggesting your choice of activity. To [email protected] Subject 03_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 50 14/06/2023 4:13 PM

Unit 4 4.1 Reading Read the article below and answer questions 1 to 20. UNIT 4 Flora, Fauna and Nature Audio 54 04_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 54 15/06/2023 9:27 AM

Unit 4 4.2 Vocabulary A Match the words from the text in 4.1 with their equivalents. LS3.1.3 .1.3 1. peak a. variety of life 2. valley b. birds of prey 3. raptors c. steam engine for pulling train 4. biodiversity d. embankment 5. curio e. summit 6. quaint f. something unusual 7. dam g. a lowland between two hills or mountains 8. locomotive h. antique B These pictures show some of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, as well as the New Seven Wonders of Nature. Name the places. Use the phrases from the box. Jeju Island, South Korea Grand Canyon, USA Mount Everest, Asia Iguazu Falls, Argentina & Brazil Great Barrier Reef, Australia Amazon Rainforest, South America Table Mountain, South Africa 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 57 04_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 57 15/06/2023 9:27 AM

Unit 5 74 5.1 Reading Read the article below and answer questions 1 to 8. Snake Anti-Venom 1 Are you afraid of snakes? I know I am. The mere mention of snakes makes me shiver as they are venomous. They can kill a human being or an animal with just one bite. However, not all snakes are venomous. There are about 3,000 species of snakes in the world but only 450 are venomous. It is stated that about 100,000 people die a year because of snake bite especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. 2 Despite all that, a snake’s venom can also save lives. It takes a snake’s venom to treat a snake bite! Odd, isn’t it? But it is true. A venom that is used to treat a snake bite is called an anti-venom. The antivenom contains antibodies that attack the dangerous proteins in venom. 3 How is anti-venom developed? A horse is normally used for this procedure. The animal is injected with very large amounts of snake’s venom. The horse’s immune system causes blood plasma cells to naturally produce antibodies. The antibodies are then extracted from the horse’s body, processed and purified. It is now anti-venom that can be given to a snake-bite victim. 4 In addition, snake venom is used to treat other health issues such as cancer, pain, high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Besides snakes, venom from spiders and scorpions are also used to develop important drug treatments. 5 Although snake venom is powerful enough to kill its prey, it is also used as anti-venom in the medical field to treat illnesses and snake bites. With advanced development in anti-venom, it is projected to decrease fatalities from snake bites. Simultaneously, more researches are being conducted to discover new drugs to combat heart attacks, strokes and even cancer. (Adapted from: https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/stem-in-context/how-snake-venom-kills-and-saves-lives) Questions 1 to 8 Complete the following table. Choose no more than five words and/or a number from the text for each answer. For each question, write your answer in the space provided. Snake Anti-Venom Number of poisonous snakes in the world 1. Content of an anti-venom 2. A host to insert snake’s venom to produce anti-venom 3. Venom derived from other sources besides snakes 4. A snake attacks using venom to 5. Aim of advanced anti-venom development 6. Use of anti-venom in medical field 7. 8. UNIT 5 Science and Experiments Audio 05_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 74 14/06/2023 4:29 PM

Unit 5 80 Textbook: pages 54, 57 & 61 5.5 Grammar Audio A Will/Won’t 1. Forming affirmative with will Subject Modal auxiliary verb Verb rest of sentence I You He She It We They will eat dinner soon. 2. Forming negative with won’t Subject Modal auxiliary verb Verb rest of sentence I You He She It We They won’t eat dinner soon. 3. Forming question with will Modal auxiliary verb Subject Verb rest of sentence Will I you he she it we they eat dinner soon? 05_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 80 14/06/2023 4:29 PM

Unit 5 81 4. Will/Won’t: Affirmative, Negative, Question, Affirmative short answers and Negative short answers Affirmative Negative Questions Affirmative short answers Negative short answers I will be staying indoors tonight. I won’t be staying indoors tonight. Will I be staying indoors tonight? Yes, you will. No, you won’t. You will be staying indoors tonight. You won’t be staying indoors tonight. Will you be staying indoors tonight? Yes, I will. No, I won’t. We will be staying indoors tonight. We won’t be staying indoors tonight. Will we be staying indoors tonight? Yes, we will. No, we won’t. They will be staying indoors tonight. They won’t be staying indoors tonight. Will they be staying indoors tonight? Yes, they will. No, they won’t. He will be staying indoors tonight. He won’t be staying indoors tonight. Will he be staying indoors tonight? Yes, he will. No, he won’t. She will be staying indoors tonight. She won’t be staying indoors tonight. Will she be staying indoors tonight? Yes, she will. No, she won’t. The cat will be staying indoors tonight. The cat won’t be staying indoors tonight. Will the cat be staying indoors tonight? Yes, it will. No, it won’t. A Complete the sentences using will or won’t. 1. The students be conducting an experiment on water density after recess. 2. The rocket be launched tomorrow as there is a malfunction in the engine. 3. The hydrogen gas balloons explode when exposed to heat. 4. Water freeze at 0 degree Celsius. 5. I be able to help you with your Maths homework as I have piano lesson today. 6. “I promise I steal again,” the little boy said. 7. we go to the zoo this weekend? 8. The teacher give us a Science quiz tomorrow. 9. Drew find the murderer? You find out when you read the book. 10. Karen be attending the party as she babysit her baby brother. 05_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 81 14/06/2023 4:29 PM

90Pentaksiran Sumatif Paper 1 Part 1 Questions 1 to 8 Read the text carefully in each question. Choose the best answer A, B or C. For each question, circle the correct answer A, B or C. Pentaksiran Sumatif Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik (UASA) Do you love singing? Do you want to be heard? Well, come to Harmony Music School and participate in a singing competition on 26th February 2023. The competition is open to children and teenagers. Winners will be trained by Harmony Music at a special discount. 1. The notice is aimed at A seeking budding singers. B promoting Harmony Music School. C encouraging children and teenagers to sing. IPOH – Sammy David is a local hero. He saved a 10-year-old boy from drowning. The boy’s parents were grateful to him for saving their son. They offered him some cash but Sammy refused. 2. From the newspaper report, we know that Sammy A saved a boy in the river. B was ignored by the boy’s parents. C received cash from the victim’s family. Kassim’s family looked at the swelling river. They packed their important documents and clothes. Soon, they heard a siren. Water gushed into the house. 3. From the text, we know that Kassim and his family are probably A going out in their car. B calling the fire brigade. C waiting for a rescue boat. PSumatif_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 90 14/06/2023 9:57 AM

93Pentaksiran Sumatif Part 3 Read the text below and answer questions 17 to 24. Blobfish Blobfish is a unique breed of fish, as it is basically made of a gelatinous body with minimal tissues. It has no bone or muscle! The blobfish looks like a fish when in the depths of the ocean, its natural habitat. However, when they are on the ocean’s surface, they look like blobs as they lose their body shape! Thus, they are voted as the ‘ugliest animal’ due to their eerie looks. Most species of fish that live near the surface of the ocean have swim bladders. This helps them sink or float by reducing or increasing the air inside them. However, the blobfish does not have a swim bladder. This is because a swim bladder will burst at the ocean floor! Instead, its minimal tissues and gelatinous body help it remain afloat with minimal effort. In addition, its body make-up enables it to float without using much energy. Blobfish thrives although there isn’t much food on the ocean floor.  This species of fish feeds on anything as they are not picky eaters. Their main sources of food are crabs and sea urchins. Do people eat blobfish? This fish is not consumed by humans and hence, it is not caught by fishermen. However, they do face the risk of commercial fishing, as they are accidentally caught in the net. It is not known if they face extinction. However, a female blobfish can produce thousands of eggs. Do blobfish make fantastic exotic pets? They have never been domesticated in any way, as no one has kept these fish in an aquarium setting. As they live on the ocean floor, they do not survive outside their natural habitat. (Adapted from: Blobfish – Description, Habitat, Image, Diet, and Interesting Facts [animals.net]) Questions 17 to 24 Complete the following table. Choose no more than five words and/or a number from the text for each answer. For each question, write your answer in the space provided on your answer sheet. Blobfish It’s called unique because of its 17. . Called the ‘ugliest animal’ when it 18. . Habitat 19. . Danger of having swim bladder for a blobfish 20. . Number of eggs laid 21. . Threatened by 22. . Diet 23. . 24. . [8 marks] PSumatif_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 93 14/06/2023 9:57 AM

97Pentaksiran Sumatif Paper 2 Part 1 Read the email from your brother, John. Hi, It’s Father’s Day next week. What shall we get for Dad? I have shortlisted three gifts that I think he may like—a pen, a tool kit or a wallet. I want it to be a memorable gift for him. John In about 80 words, write an email to John giving your choice of gift. To [email protected] Subject [20 marks] PSumatif_Topikal UASA A+ English F1.indd 97 14/06/2023 9:57 AM

110 It was a busy day as Mum started cooking early in the morning, while we helped her. Soon relatives arrived and we had a sumptuous meal. We had a great time together. After tea, my relatives left for their homes. It was truly a great get-together and a wonderful celebration. UNIT 2 Know Your Food 2.1 Reading 1. breakfast 2. Have the daily nutrients 3. Take breakfast 4. highly-processed food 5. Eat home-cooked food 6. fast food restaurants 7. Home-cooked food 8. Dehydrated 2.2 Vocabulary 1. skipping 2. regular 3. decrease 4. consumption 5. snacks 6. home-cooked 7. teenagers 8. workout 2.3 Reading 1. vitamins and minerals 2. proteins and fats 3. main source of energy 4. fruits and milk 5. starch, grain products 6. vegetables / milk / fruits / grains (choose any two answers) 7. brain function energy 8. nutritional value 9. energy 10. influence 2.4 Grammar 1. Can 2. can 3. couldn’t 4. had better 5. were able 6. won’t be able 7. might not 8. may not 9. ought to 10. had better 11. Could 12. Would 13. must 14. should 15. was able to 2.5 Writing A Short Communicative Message Hi, Robert, You went on a picnic during the last holidays, didn’t you? I suggest hiking will be a good idea. The Broga Hills in Semenyih is a wonderful place around Kuala Lumpur. It is a great place to hike and is popular as you get to catch the scenic view of the sunrise. The trail is about 3.4 km and it’s covered with grass. The view from the hill is amazing. I am sure your parents will enjoy this outing. Love, Sarah UNIT 1 Quality Time 1.1 Reading 1. maintaining close rapport 2. each other’s abilities 3. for sharing and caring 4. Expressing oneself 5. quality time together 6. loved and valued 7. the feelings of others 8. confidence in life 1.2 Vocabulary 1. rapport 2. expressing 3. chat 4. acknowledging 5. generosity 6. concerns 7. valued 8. empathy 1.3 Reading 1. family 2. a solid foundation 3. sponges that soak up 4. language skills 5. sympathy and compassion 6. reinforce interpersonal skills 7. lifelong positive attribute 8. parents / family 9. solid 10. secure 1.4 Grammar 1. everything 2. somewhere 3. Everybody / Everyone 4. something 5. Nobody 6. Somebody / Someone 7. anywhere 8. anybody / anyone 9. everywhere 10. nothing, nowhere 1.5 Writing A Short Communicative Message To : [email protected] Subject : Birthday celebration for Mum and Dad Hello Betty, Great idea, Betty. Perfect timing as I’ll be home for holidays after my exams. I like your option of having dinner with close friends but do include Aunty May and Uncle Henry, as they are the only siblings our parents have. I will order the cake from Alex, whose mum bakes scrumptious Nutty-Orange cake. I think we should prepare door gifts. Give it a thought. I have some options but we can decide on it later. Sam B Notes Expansion A Family Celebration Last week, my family decided to organise a special function to celebrate my sister, Rahmah’s success. She did very well in her studies and she has received a prestigious scholarship. My parents decided to have a get-together among close relatives before Rahmah leaves for the United Kingdom. My sister and I were excited about the plan. We kept to a small number of guests, as we planned to have the lunch at home. After much discussion, we decided on a Sunday, a week before Rahmah’s flight. Our guests were close relatives and Rahmah’s friends. Soon, Mum and Dad decided on the menu, so that they could buy the necessary groceries. I was excited as I love going shopping with my parents. Answers 14 Answer_Topikal UASA A+ Eng F3.indd 110 26/07/2023 12:18 PM

Writing an Email (Form 1 Unit 1 Non-Textbook Lesson - English)

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Bahasa Inggeris (English) Tingkatan 1: Soalan Peperiksaan, Percubaan, Ujian, Nota=

Soalan Peperiksaan Percubaan + Skema Jawapan, Essays, Novel – Bahasa Inggeris (English) Tingkatan 1 .

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• Bahan-Bahan Rujukan Penting Tingkatan 1 — Bahagian 102 (Bahasa Inggeris Tingkatan 1)
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Bahasa Inggeris (English) Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan

Buku Teks Digital Bahasa Inggeris KSSM Tingkatan 1

Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris Mudah (BI) (Simple English Essays)

• Koleksi Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris PT3 (PT3 English Essays)
• Bahasa Inggeris (English) Tingkatan 1, 2, 3 (PT3): Karangan / Essays

English : Novels + Literature Components Tingkatan 1, 2, 3 (PT3)

English Grammar Notes + Common Errors In English

Item Contoh (Soalan Contoh) Bahasa Inggeris PT3 (Format Baharu)

Grammar Notes PT3 English (Bahasa Inggeris PT3)

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Latihan (Soalan) Bahasa Inggeris PT3 + Jawapan    

Teknik Menjawab Soalan Bahasa Inggeris (English) PT3

English Grammar Common Errors

English Grammar Note (RMK)

Tips for Writing A Good Composition  

Bahasa Inggeris (English) PT3 : Tips Peperiksaan, Teknik Menjawab, Soalan Peperiksaan Percubaan, Novels, Essays, Literature Components … (PT)

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Karangan Bahasa Inggeris (English Essays) 

• Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris Mudah (Simple English Essays)
• Grammar Notes + Common Errors In English

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• Koleksi Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris PT3 (Speech Essay Samples)

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Koleksi Nota Ringkas dan Padat, Soalan, Latihan, KBAT, Peperiksaan, Ujian Tingkatan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dan Tahun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 :

• Koleksi Nota Ringkas dan Padat, Soalan, Latihan, KBAT, Peperiksaan, Ujian Tingkatan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dan Tahun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

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Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan

Koleksi soalan, latihan, nota tingkatan 2 + jawapan, koleksi soalan, latihan, nota tingkatan 3 + jawapan.

• Koleksi Buku Teks Digital KSSM Tingkatan 1 (Satu)
• Koleksi Buku Teks Digital KSSM Tingkatan 2 (Dua)
• Koleksi Buku Teks Digital KSSM Tingkatan 3 (Tiga)

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• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Sains (Science) Tingkatan 3 + Jawapan
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• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Pendidikan Islam Tingkatan 3 + Jawapan-
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Pendidikan Moral Tingkatan 3 + Jawapan-
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Geografi Tingkatan 3 + Jawapan

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• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Sains (Science) Tingkatan 2 + Jawapan
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• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Bahasa Inggeris (English) Tingkatan 2 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 2 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Asas Sains Komputer (ASK) Tingkatan 2 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Sejarah Tingkatan 2 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Geografi Tingkatan 2 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Pendidikan Seni Visual (PSV) Tingkatan 2 + Jawapan
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• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) Tingkatan 2 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Matematik (Mathematics) Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan-
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Sains (Science) Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan-
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan-
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Asas Sains Komputer (ASK) Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan-
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Sejarah Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan
• Koleksi Soalan, Latihan, Nota Pendidikan Islam Tingkatan 1 + Jawapan-
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• KOLEKSI Soalan Peperiksaan Percubaan Tingkatan 1, 2, 3 + Skema Jawapan

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• Koleksi Nota Ringkas dan Padat, Soalan, Latihan, KBAT, Peperiksaan, Ujian Tingkatan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 dan Tahun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

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Summer Reading Contest, Week 6: What Got Your Attention in The Times This Week?

To participate, submit your response here by July 19 at 9 a.m. Eastern. This week’s winners will be announced by July 31.

By The Learning Network

Welcome to the sixth week of our 15th Annual Summer Reading Contest .

Every week for 10 weeks this summer we’re asking students “What got your attention in The New York Times this week? Why?” To participate in Week 6, choose something to read, watch or listen to in The Times and submit a response that answers those questions by 9 a.m. Eastern on July 19.

You can choose anything that was published in the print paper or on nytimes.com in 2024, including articles, photos, essays , videos , podcasts or graphics . We hope you’ll click around to find your own great pieces, but we also know that not everyone who participates has a Times subscription so, each week, you’ll find dozens of free links to interesting articles, features and multimedia below.

Students are invited to submit responses in the form of a 250-word comment OR a 90-second video. Please see the requirements for each type of response below and read the full rules and guidelines in our contest announcement before making your submissions.

Your responses will be read by New York Times journalists and staff, as well as educators from around the world. We’ll choose at least one favorite answer to feature on our site each week. Winners from Week 6 will be announced by July 31.

1. Choose a New York Times piece.

What did you read, watch or listen to in The Times this week? You can respond to anything that was published online at nytimes.com, including all the sports coverage in The Athletic , or in the print paper in 2024, but, if you don’t have a subscription, here are some stories you can access through this page for free:

This week you may have read front-page news articles like …

Texans assess damage after beryl whips through, the deadly storm ripped trees out of the ground and damaged homes as millions in houston were left without power..

“It’s pretty bad. Downed power lines, trees, fences, just litter and stuff — debris everywhere, so. Oh, and plenty of water. Yeah, plenty of water.” “Man, I heard a big boom. I just thought it was a limb. I didn’t know it was a whole tree.”

Beryl Leaves Millions Without Power in Houston: What to Know

Reformist Candidate Wins Iran’s Presidential Election

Summer Reading Contest Written Submission Form, Week 6

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