omit the page number.
The AI-powered Citation Checker helps you avoid common mistakes such as:
APA references generally include information about the author , publication date , title , and source . Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.
Citing a source starts with choosing the correct reference format. Use Scribbr’s Citation Example Generator to learn more about the format for the most common source types. Pay close attention to punctuation, capitalization, and italicization.
Generate APA citations for free
It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.
Missing element | What to do | Reference format |
---|---|---|
Author | Start the reference entry with the source title. | Title. (Date). Source. |
Date | Write “n.d.” for “no date”. | Author. (n.d.). Title. Source. |
Title | Describe the work in square brackets. | Author. (Date). [Description]. Source. |
On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order .
Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page:
On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation ). You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).
Are you a teacher or professor looking to introduce your students to APA Style? Download our free introductory lecture slides, available for Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint.
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When no individual author name is listed, but the source can clearly be attributed to a specific organization—e.g., a press release by a charity, a report by an agency, or a page from a company’s website—use the organization’s name as the author in the reference entry and APA in-text citations .
When no author at all can be determined—e.g. a collaboratively edited wiki or an online article published anonymously—use the title in place of the author. In the in-text citation, put the title in quotation marks if it appears in plain text in the reference list, and in italics if it appears in italics in the reference list. Shorten it if necessary.
When you quote or paraphrase a specific passage from a source, you need to indicate the location of the passage in your APA in-text citation . If there are no page numbers (e.g. when citing a website ) but the text is long, you can instead use section headings, paragraph numbers, or a combination of the two:
(Caulfield, 2019, Linking section, para. 1).
Section headings can be shortened if necessary. Kindle location numbers should not be used in ebook citations , as they are unreliable.
If you are referring to the source as a whole, it’s not necessary to include a page number or other marker.
The abbreviation “ et al. ” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors . Here’s how it works:
Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).
APA Style usually does not require an access date. You never need to include one when citing journal articles , e-books , or other stable online sources.
However, if you are citing a website or online article that’s designed to change over time, it’s a good idea to include an access date. In this case, write it in the following format at the end of the reference: Retrieved October 19, 2020, from https://www.uva.nl/en/about-the-uva/about-the-university/about-the-university.html
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An abstract in research papers is a keyword-rich summary usually not exceeding 200-350 words. It can be considered the “face” of research papers because it creates an initial impression on the readers. While searching databases (such as PubMed) for research papers, a title is usually the first selection criterion for readers. If the title matches their search criteria, then the readers read the abstract, which sets the tone of the paper. Titles and abstracts are often the only freely available parts of research papers on journal websites. The pdf versions of full articles need to be purchased. Journal reviewers are often provided with only the title and abstract before they agree to review the complete paper. [ 1]
Abstracts in research papers provide readers with a quick insight into what the paper is about to help them decide whether they want to read it further or not. Abstracts are the main selling points of articles and therefore should be carefully drafted, accurately highlighting the important aspects. [ 2]
This article will help you identify the important components and provide tips on how to write an abstract in research papers effectively
An abstract in research papers can be defined as a synopsis of the paper. It should be clear, direct, self-contained, specific, unbiased, and concise. These summaries are published along with the complete research paper and are also submitted to conferences for consideration for presentation.
Abstracts are of four types and journals can follow any of these formats: [ 2]
Structured abstracts are used by most journals because they are more organized and have clear sections, usually including introduction/background; objective; design, settings, and participants (or materials and methods); outcomes and measures; results; and conclusion. These headings may differ based on the journal or the type of paper. Clinical trial abstracts should include the essential items mentioned in the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials) guidelines.
Figure 1. Structured abstract example [3]
Unstructured abstracts are common in social science, humanities, and physical science journals. They usually have one paragraph and no specific structure or subheadings. These abstracts are commonly used for research papers that don’t report original work and therefore have a more flexible and narrative style.
Figure 2. Unstructured abstract example [3]
Descriptive abstracts are short (75–150 words) and provide an outline with only the most important points of research papers. They are used for shorter articles such as case reports, reviews, and opinions where space is at a premium, and rarely for original investigations. These abstracts don’t present the results but mainly list the topics covered.
Here’s a sample abstract . [ 4]
“Design of a Radio-Based System for Distribution Automation”
A new survey by the Maryland Public Utilities Commission suggests that utilities have not effectively explained to consumers the benefits of smart meters. The two-year study of 86,000 consumers concludes that the long-term benefits of smart meters will not be realized until consumers understand the benefits of shifting some of their power usage to off-peak hours in response to the data they receive from their meters. The study presents recommendations for utilities and municipal governments to improve customer understanding of how to use the smart meters effectively.
Keywords: smart meters, distribution systems, load, customer attitudes, power consumption, utilities
Informative abstracts (structured or unstructured) give a complete detailed summary, including the main results, of the research paper and may or may not have subsections.
Figure 3. Informative abstract example [5]
Abstracts in research have two main purposes—selection and indexing. [ 6,7]
Thus, a well-written, keyword-rich abstract can p ique readers’ interest and curiosity and help them decide whether they want to read the complete paper. It can also direct readers to articles of potential clinical and research interest during an online search.
Abstracts in research papers summarize the main points of an article and are broadly categorized into four or five sections. Here are some details on how to write an abstract .
This section should provide the following information:
The hypothesis or research question and objectives should be mentioned here. The Background sets the context for the rest of the paper and its length should be short so that the word count could be saved for the Results or other information directly pertaining to the study. The objective should be written in present or past simple tense.
Examples:
The antidepressant efficacy of desvenlafaxine (DV) has been established in 8-week, randomized controlled trials. The present study examined the continued efficacy of DV across 6 months of maintenance treatment . [ 1]
Objective: To describe gastric and breast cancer risk estimates for individuals with CDH1 variants.
This section should provide information on the processes used and should be written in past simple tense because the process is already completed.
A few important questions to be answered include:
Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for each cancer type and used to calculate cumulative risks and risks per decade of life up to age 80 years.
This section, written in either present or past simple tense, should be the longest and should describe the main findings of the study. Here’s an example of how descriptive the sentences should be:
Avoid: Response rates differed significantly between diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
Better: The response rate was higher in nondiabetic than in diabetic patients (49% vs 30%, respectively; P<0.01).
This section should include the following information:
Example: [ 8]
In total, 10.9% of students were reported to have favorable study skills. The minimum score was found for preparation for examination domain. Also, a significantly positive correlation was observed between students’ study skills and their Grade Point Average (GPA) of previous term (P=0.001, r=0.269) and satisfaction with study skills (P=0.001, r=0.493).
Here, authors should mention the importance of their findings and also the practical and theoretical implications, which would benefit readers referring to this paper for their own research. Present simple tense should be used here.
Examples: [ 1,8]
The 9.3% prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders in students at an arts university is substantially higher than general population estimates. These findings strengthen the oft-expressed hypothesis linking creativity with affective psychopathology.
The findings indicated that students’ study skills need to be improved. Given the significant relationship between study skills and GPA, as an index of academic achievement, and satisfaction, it is necessary to promote the students’ study skills. These skills are suggested to be reinforced, with more emphasis on weaker domains.
In addition to knowing how to write an abstract , you should also know when to write an abstract . It’s best to write abstracts once the paper is completed because this would make it easier for authors to extract relevant parts from every section.
Abstracts are usually required for: [ 7]
Mostly, the author of the entire work writes the abstract (the first author, in works with multiple authors). However, there are professional abstracting services that hire writers to draft abstracts of other people’s work.
Here are some key steps on how to write an abstract in research papers: [ 9]
Keywords [ 2] are the important and repeatedly used words and phrases in research papers and can help indexers and search engines find papers relevant to your requirements. Easy retrieval would help in reaching a wider audience and eventually gain more citations. In the fields of medicine and health, keywords should preferably be chosen from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) list of the US National Library of Medicine because they are used for indexing. These keywords need to be different from the words in the main title (automatically used for indexing) but can be variants of the terms/phrases used in the title, abstract, and the main text. Keywords should represent the content of your manuscript and be specific to your subject area.
Basic tips for authors [ 10,11]
Few examples: [ 12]
Direct observation of nonlinear optics in an isolated carbon nanotube | molecule, optics, lasers, energy lifetime | single-molecule interaction, Kerr effect, carbon nanotube, energy level |
Region-specific neuronal degeneration after okadaic acid administration | neuron, brain, regional-specific neuronal degeneration, signaling | neurodegenerative diseases; CA1 region, hippocampal; okadaic acid; neurotoxins; MAP kinase signaling system; cell death |
Increases in levels of sediment transport at former glacial-interglacial transitions | climate change, erosion, plant effects | quaternary climate change, soil erosion, bioturbation |
Here are a few tips on how to write an abstract to ensure that your abstract is complete, concise, and accurate. [ 1,2]
Do not include:
Here’s a quick snapshot of all the important aspects of how to write an abstract . [2]
Q1. Do all journals have different guidelines for abstracts?
A1. Yes, all journals have their own specific guidelines for writing abstracts; a few examples are given in the following table. [ 6,13,14,15]
American Psychological Association | |
American Society for Microbiology | |
The Lancet | |
Journal of the American Medical Association |
Q2. What are the common mistakes to avoid when writing an abstract?
A2. Listed below are a few mistakes that authors may make inadvertently while writing abstracts.
An abstract is a summary, which should be created by paraphrasing your own work or writing in your own words. Extracting sentences from every section and combining them into one paragraph cannot be considered summarizing.
Journals have special instructions for writing abstracts, such as word limits and section headings. These should be followed strictly to avoid rejections.
Both too little and too much information could discourage readers. For instance, if the Background has very little information, the readers may not get sufficient context to appreciate your research. Similarly, incomplete information in the Methods and a text-heavy Results section without supporting numerical data may affect the credibility of your research.
Typically, abstracts shouldn’t include these elements—citations, URLs, and abbreviations. Only nonstandard abbreviations are allowed or those that would be more familiar to readers than the expansions.
Abstracts should strictly include only the same information mentioned in the main text. Any new information should first be added to the text and then to the abstract only if necessary or if permitted by the word limit.
Keywords are essential for indexing and searching and should be included to increase the frequency of retrieval and citation.
Q3. What is the difference between abstracts in research papers and conference abstracts? [16]
A3. The table summarizes the main differences between research and conference abstracts.
Context | Concise summary of ongoing or completed research presented at conferences | Summary of full research paper published in a journal |
Length | Shorter (150-250 words) | Longer (150-350 words) |
Audience | Diverse conference attendees (both experts & people with general interest) | People or other researchers specifically interested in the subject |
Focus | Intended to quickly attract interest; provides just enough information to highlight the significance, objectives, and impact; may briefly state methods and results | Deeper insight into the study; more detailed sections on methodology, results, and broader implications |
Publication venue | Not published independently but included in conference schedules, booklets, etc. | Published with the full research paper in academic journals, conference proceedings, research databases, etc. |
Citations | Allowed | Not allowed |
Thus, abstracts are essential “trailers” that can market your research to a wide audience. The better and more complete the abstract the more are the chances of your paper being read and cited. By following our checklist and ensuring that all key elements are included, you can create a well-structured abstract that summarizes your paper accurately.
References
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When I was a student, I was told to submit my essays in APA format. At the time, I had no idea what that even meant or how to do it. If this sounds familiar to you, don’t worry—I’ve been there, too. In this guide, I’ll show you the easiest way to understand APA format and a simple hack to help you comfortably write your essays and then format them in APA style.
APA format is commonly used in the social and behavioral sciences, such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, education, and economics, as well as in fields like business and nursing. This standardized format is adopted by professionals, researchers, and students to structure and present research papers, essays, and other academic documents.
It ensures consistency and clarity in communication within these disciplines by providing specific guidelines for nearly all aspects of manuscript formatting, from font choice to margins and punctuation. By adhering to paper APA format 7th edition style, writers in these fields can effectively share their findings and ideas in a clear and organized manner.
Understanding the guidelines is key when learning how to write a paper in APA format for students. However, there's one important point that is often missed by many: the APA 7th edition now has different guidelines for students and professionals. So, if you notice a few extra details that might be missing in the guidelines below, it is because we have skipped the APA 7th edition guidelines for professionals to avoid any confusion. Let's review the guidelines:
General Formatting:
Margins: Set 1-inch margins on all sides.
Font: Use a readable font such as Times New Roman (12 pt.).
Line Spacing: Double-space throughout the document, including the title page, abstract, references, and any other sections.
Indentation: Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches (use the tab key or the paragraph formatting function).
Alignment: Left-align all text except for headings, which follow specific formats.
Page Numbers: Include page numbers in the top right corner of every page, starting on the title page (which is considered page 1).
Title Page: Follow guidelines for the placement of the title, author information, affiliation (your school), course information, and instructor's name.
Abstract: Include a brief summary of your paper on a separate page after the title page.
Body Text: Write in clear and concise language, avoiding jargon. Use headings to organize your content.
In-text Citations: Cite your sources within the text using the author’s name and publication year in parentheses. There are specific formats for different types of sources.
Reference List: Start a new page for your references, listed alphabetically by the first author's last name. Follow specific formatting guidelines for different types of sources (books, articles, websites, etc.).
Here's what a title page of a reference paper template looks like in APA format:
After understanding the guidelines, the next step is to apply them effectively to format your paper in APA 7th edition style. To achieve this, we need an efficient writing tool that provides all the necessary formatting tools. Since we're just starting our journey to format essays in APA style, the tool should be easy to use. For these reasons, I'll be using a professional writing tool— WPS Office .
WPS Office not only provides all the necessary tools but also has a major benefit—it's completely free to use. I recommend downloading WPS Office on your system to ensure you can follow the steps smoothly. So, let's begin. I have an example paper that I will format in APA style using WPS Office.
Before you begin formatting your essay, let's set the page margins according to APA 7th edition guidelines, which require 1-inch margins on all sides.
Step 1: To set the page margins in WPS Writer, simply go to the Page Layout tab.
Step 2: In the Page Layout ribbon, locate the Margin fields on the left end of the ribbon.
Step 3: Here, set all margins—top, bottom, left, and right—to 1 inch.
Once you've adjusted the margins, we can proceed with formatting the rest of the document.
Next, let's adjust the font and line spacing according to APA style requirements.
Step 1: Go to the Home tab in WPS Writer and change the font to “Times New Roman” in the “Fonts” field.
Step 2: To change the font size, enter "12" in the "Font size" field.
Step 3: For adjusting line spacing, simply click on the "Line spacing" icon in the Home ribbon and select "2.0" to apply double spacing in your essay.
Once we've completed setting the general formatting of our entire essay according to APA style, we now need to prepare the header.
Step 1: To set the header, double-click on the header area to enter the header in WPS Writer.
The header in APA style for students includes only the page number on the top right.
Step 2: To insert the page number, click on the "Page Number" button in the Header/Footer ribbon.
Step 3: From the Page Number drop-down menu, select the "Header right" option to insert the page number on the top right.
Step 4: Next, we need to set the header height to "0.5 in" in the "Header height" field.
Sure! Let's start formatting each page of your essay, beginning with the title page. The title page should include the title of your paper, your name (as the author), the professor's name, course details, university name, and the due date. Each of these headings should start on a new line with 3-4 blank lines at the top of the page. This formatting ensures that your essay's title page follows APA style guidelines accurately.
Step 1: Press the "Enter" key on the keyboard to leave 3-4 blank lines at the top of the page.
Step 2: Type the title of your essay and center align it by clicking on the "Center" icon in the Home ribbon.
Step 3: Make the title bold by selecting the title text and clicking on the "Bold" icon in the Home ribbon.
Step 4: Press the "Enter" key twice to create a blank line between the title and the essay details. Then, enter the essay details in the following order, each on a separate line:
Your name (Author)
Department, University
Course Name, Course code
Professor's name
Step 5: After entering the essay details as described, ensure that each detail is centered on the page by selecting all the text with your mouse. Then, click on the "Center" icon in the Home ribbon to center-align the selected text.
Step 1: To insert a new blank page after the title page, place the cursor at the end of the due date on the title page and go to the Insert tab.
Step 2: In the Insert ribbon, click on "Breaks" and then select "Page Break" from the drop-down menu. This will create a new blank page where we will enter our abstract.
Step 3: Enter the heading "Abstract" in bold font style and center align it.
Step 4: Type the body of the abstract with no indentation. Simply start typing the abstract text.
After completing the abstract, insert another page break to start the next section of your essay.
To ensure your paper adheres to APA style guidelines for headings and paragraph indentation, here's how you can format them:
Step 1: On a new blank page, enter the Level 1 heading and ensure it is centered and in bold.
Step 2: For the body of the headings, indent the first line of each new paragraph by “0.5 in” by pressing the “Tab” key on your keyboard
Level 1 Heading: Centered and bold. It is used for main sections, like "Methods" or "Results".
Level 2 Heading: Left-aligned and bold. It is used to divide the main sections into subsections.
Level 3 Heading: Left-aligned, bold, and italicized. It further divides subsections into smaller parts.
Level 4 Heading: Indented, bold, and ends with a period. Text immediately follows this period, and it continues with lowercase text.
Level 5 Heading: Indented, bold, and in italics. Similar to Level 4, it also continues with lowercase text..
Essays can be lengthy, so including a table of contents can help make navigation easier. Let's take a look at how we can add a table of contents in WPS Writer.
Step 1: The Table of Contents is placed right after the title page, so the first step is to create a blank space after the title page using a Page Break.
Step 2: Now, on the blank page, go to the References tab and click on the Table of Contents button.
Step 3: From the Table of Contents drop-down menu, select any of the default templates available. I prefer using the 3rd template as it allows coverage of 3 levels of headings.
Step 4: Once the Table of Contents has been added, ensure that its heading is set to "Table of Contents", and it is formatted in bold and centered alignment.
Step 5: Additionally, ensure that the font settings of the Table of Contents are set to Times New Roman and 12-point font size.
Before completing our essay, it's important to insert references that were helpful during the research process. For this, the end of your essay will include a separate References page.
Step 1: On a blank page at the end of your essay, enter the heading "References". Center align the heading and make it bold.
Step 2: List all the works cited in your essay. You can use the free Scribbr citation generator to generate APA 7th edition citations, which makes the process easier and ensures accuracy.
Step 3: Ensure the references are formatted with hanging indents using the Ruler in WPS Writer. To access the ruler, go to the View tab and check the "Ruler" checkbox in the ribbon.
Step 4: Drag the arrow on the ruler to half an inch to set the hanging indent .
Step 5: Then, drag the rectangle (below the ruler) back to 0 to reset the left indent for the subsequent lines of each reference.
And here is our APA 7th edition formatted essay from scratch. As you may have noticed, the whole process can be lengthy without an outline, but formatting your essay step by step makes the process clearer and easier to complete. I've used a few other writing tools for formatting, but I recommend WPS Writer because of its ease of navigation—all formatting tools are readily available in the tab, with no need to navigate through extra menus or open additional guides to learn additional steps. Try using WPS Writer for your essay assignments and experience the difference.
WPS Office not only provides the necessary tools for students to efficiently format their essays according to APA 7th edition, but it also offers tools to easily convert these papers to PDF format within the WPS Writer application. Therefore, because submitting your work promptly is the next step after writing, ensure that your submission doesn't cost you any marks due to formatting issues after putting in so much effort.
To convert your essay documents to PDF using WPS PDF without quality loss, simply follow these steps:
Step 1: Open your document in WPS Writer.
Step 2: Click on the Menu button at the top left corner of the screen.
Step 3: Select "Export to PDF" from the menu that appears.
Step 4: Adjust any settings, such as the output path, in the Export to PDF window.
Step 5: After configuring the settings, click on "Export to PDF" to save your essay document as a PDF.
1. how should i format tables and figures in apa style.
To correctly format a table in APA style, follow these guidelines:
Boldly label the table number above the table.
Provide a brief, italicized title in the title case just below the table number.
Avoid using vertical lines in the table design.
Use horizontal lines sparingly, only where necessary for clarity.
Ensure column and row headings are clearly labeled and concise.
Maintain consistent number formatting, such as decimal places.
Include any necessary notes below the table to explain details or sources.
To correctly format a figure in APA style, follow these guidelines:
Place the figure number in bold above the figure.
Provide a brief, italicized title in the title case beneath the figure number.
Include clear labels and legends within the image if needed.
Add any pertinent notes below the figure.
An APA Style citation for a journal article includes the author's name(s), the year of publication (in round brackets), the title of the article, the name of the journal in italics, the volume (in italics) and issue number, the page range of the article, and a DOI (if available).
APA format:
Author's last name, First name initial. (Year of publication). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Page range. DOI or URL
Johnson, M. (2023). Explore with us. Journal of random discoveries, 5(2), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1234/jes.2023.5.2.123
APA website citations include the author's name, publication date, the title of the page or article in italics, the website name, and the URL. If no author is known, begin with the title of the article. If updates to the content are possible, include a retrieval date.
Author's Last Name, First initial. (Year, Month Date of publication). Title of the page. Name of the Website. URL
Johnson, M. (2024, March 12). Explore with us. Random Discoveries. https://www.randomdiscoveries.com/explore-with-us
I personally find APA format to be the most complex of all formats, but doing it on WPS Office sure makes it easy. The fact that it’s so user-friendly, with every feature readily available, is a huge advantage. The best part is that WPS Office is completely free. As a student, finding a good office suite that is cost-effective can be a challenge, and I’ve been there. Download WPS Office and spare yourself the hassle of hunting for an office suite— WPS Office is the answer to all your problems.
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Consistency in the order, structure, and format of a paper allows readers to focus on a paper’s content rather than its presentation.
To format a paper in APA Style, writers can typically use the default settings and automatic formatting tools of their word-processing program or make only minor adjustments.
The guidelines for paper format apply to both student assignments and manuscripts being submitted for publication to a journal. If you are using APA Style to create another kind of work (e.g., a website, conference poster, or PowerPoint presentation), you may need to format your work differently in order to optimize its presentation, for example, by using different line spacing and font sizes. Follow the guidelines of your institution or publisher to adapt APA Style formatting guidelines as needed.
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These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different student paper types. Students may write the same types of papers as professional authors (e.g., quantitative studies, literature reviews) or other types of papers for course assignments (e.g., reaction or response papers, discussion posts), dissertations, and theses.
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication).
Sample Paper APA 7th ed. Our APA sample paper shows you how to format the main parts of a basic research paper. APA 7th Sample Papers from Purdue Owl << Previous: Block Quotations; Next: Government Documents and Legal Materials >> Last Updated: May 3, 2024 2:22 PM;
Authors' names are written below the title, with one double-spaced blank line between them. Names should be written as follows: First name, middle initial(s), last name. Note: THE The STUDENT student version VERSION of APA OF 7th does APA no 7th require EDITION an abstract. DOES NOT.
The featured example is a research paper on the uses of biometrics to inform design decisions in the tech industry, authored by our UX Research Intern Peace Iyiewuare. Like most APA style papers, it includes an APA title page, tables, and several references and APA in-text citations to scholarly journals relevant to its topic. References are an ...
When writing an APA-style paper, sometimes a sample paper is the best reference! OWL has a collection of sample papers to help guide you. ... — Research — Citation & Documentation — Rhetorical Styles — Argument & Critical Thinking — Online Writing & Presentations
In this sample paper, we've put four blank lines above the title. Commented [AF3]: Authors' names are written below the title, with one double-spaced blank line between them. Names should be written as follows: First name, middle initial(s), last name. Commented [AF4]: Authors' affiliations follow immediately after their names.
Thank you for using the APA Style annotated sample student paper for guidance when wri ng your paper or assignment. This sample paper PDF contains annota ons that draw aten on to key APA Style content and forma ng such as the tle page, headings, in-text cita ons, references, and more. Relevant sec ons of the seventh edi on of the Publication ...
Throughout your paper, you need to apply the following APA format guidelines: Set page margins to 1 inch on all sides. Double-space all text, including headings. Indent the first line of every paragraph 0.5 inches. Use an accessible font (e.g., Times New Roman 12pt., Arial 11pt., or Georgia 11pt.).
Optional Paper Sections. Headings - APA 7 Style Guide. Accessible Use of Colors in APA 7. Figures - APA 7. The basics of figure setup, including figure components, principles of figure construction, and placement of figures in a paper. Tables - APA 7.
Writing the Experimental Report: Methods, Results, and Discussion. Tables, Appendices, Footnotes and Endnotes. References and Sources for More Information. APA Sample Paper: Experimental Psychology. Style Guide Overview MLA Guide APA Guide Chicago Guide OWL Exercises. Purdue OWL. Subject-Specific Writing.
APA Sample Paper Template. This sample paper includes a title page, sample assignment page and references list in APA format. It can be used as a template to set up your assignment. ... Your research paper ends with a list of all the sources cited in the text of the paper. Here are nine quick rules for this Reference list.
Headings and subheadings provide structure to a document. They signal what each section. is about and allow for easy navigation of the document. APA headings have five possible levels. Each heading level is formatted differently. Note: Title case simply means that you should capitalize the first word, words with four or more letters, and all ...
The Concise APA Handbook: APA 7th Edition; Reference Components. Article Examples ; Book Examples ; Internet Resources and Other Examples ; Media Examples ; Finding the DOI ; APA Reference Quick Guide; Legal Citation--Reference Components. Legal Cases ; Statutes ; Sample Annotated Student Paper; Annotated Bibliography; Handouts and Guides; Need ...
Research papers in the social and natural sciences often follow APA style. This article focuses on reporting quantitative research methods. In your APA methods section, you should report enough information to understand and replicate your study, including detailed information on the sample, measures, and procedures used.
Thank you for using the APA Style annotated sample professional paper for guidance when wri ng your paper or assignment. This sample paper PDF contains annota ons that draw aten on to key APA Style content and forma ng such as the tle page, headings, in-text cita ons, references, and more. Relevant sec ons of the seventh edi on of the ...
Indent the first line of every paragraph of text 0.5 in. using the tab key or the paragraph-formatting function of your word-processing program. Page numbers: Put a page number in the top right corner of every page, including the title page or cover page, which is page 1. Student papers do not require a running head on any page.
In-text citations point the reader to the sources' information on the references page. The in-text citation typically includes the author's last name and the year of publication. If you use a direct quote, the page number is also provided. More information can be found on p. 253 of the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American ...
Cite your source automatically in MLA or APA format. Cite. Using citation machines responsibly. Powered by. Media File: APA Sample Paper. This resource is enhanced by an Acrobat PDF file. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Click this link to download the PDF handout of the APA Sample Paper.
The following examples use APA 7th edition. In-Text Citation . ... In-text citations will lead readers to the reference list at the end of the paper. Every APA paper must include a list of references. References are listed in alphabetical order, using the author's last name (if there are multiple authors, follow the order provided in the source ...
Tools for writing a research paper introduction. Now that we've introduced you to the basics of writing a research paper introduction, we'd like to introduce you to QuillBot. At every step of writing your intro, it can help you upgrade your writing skills: Cite sources using the Citation Generator. Avoid plagiarism using the Plagiarism Checker.
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr's APA Citation Generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations for free.. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). Scribbr also offers free guides for the older APA 6th ...
An abstract in research papers is a keyword-rich summary usually not exceeding 200-350 words. It can be considered the "face" of research papers because it creates an initial impression on the readers. While searching databases (such as PubMed) for research papers, a title is usually the first selection criterion for readers.
Sample One-Experiment Paper (continued) emotional detection than young adults, or older adults could show a greater facilitation than. young adults only for the detection of positive information. The results lent some support to the. first two alternatives, but no evidence was found to support the third alternative.
Title Page of APA Paper format template. How to Set up APA Format Paper [Step-by-Step] After understanding the guidelines, the next step is to apply them effectively to format your paper in APA 7th edition style. To achieve this, we need an efficient writing tool that provides all the necessary formatting tools. Since we're just starting our ...
To format a paper in APA Style, writers can typically use the default settings and automatic formatting tools of their word-processing program or make only minor adjustments. The guidelines for paper format apply to both student assignments and manuscripts being submitted for publication to a journal. If you are using APA Style to create ...