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Difference between Specialization, Master's and PhD program

Now that you have finished your undergraduate degree, the next step is continuing your studies abroad. But what kind of postgraduate course should you do? Specialization, Master's Degree or PhD? Before you choose the best option for your career overseas, mind the differences between each type of qualification.

Specialization, MBA, Master’s Degree and PhD: all of them are classified at the postgraduate level, i.e., after the undergraduate degree. While the first two are generally shorter, more practical and focused on a specific subject – ‘to specialize’ - the last two levels tend to last longer, being the ideal choice if you want to extend your knowledge or if you intend to become a researcher or a university teacher, providing you a Master or a Doctor title.

Specialization

Technically and professionally oriented, a specialization will deepen your knowledge on your area of study, focusing and directing your undergraduate degree. Normally, a specialization is preferred by recent graduates and the average duration is one year, which may vary a little depending on the country you choose and on your field of study. At the end, you will receive a Specialist certificate.

The famous MBA is, actually, a specialization directed to a specific area: Business and Administration. If you decide to enrol an MBA, you will find a program highly connected to the professional environment, recommended for those who are already inside in the labour market – in some countries, +1 year experience is required to apply, since you will have to use and discuss practices and techniques undertaken by professionals and executives at a corporate level. Want to work as coordinator, director or a related role in the future? Then, an MBA is the best choice for you.

Master’s Degree

Different from a specialization, the master’s degree is not so much recommended to deepen your knowledge in a specific area, but more to proceed and extend the academic studies you've already started at your undergraduate program. In some cases, it is assumed that you already have some theoretical notions of the correspondent field of study. However, the master’s degree can also be a way to redirect your career and complement your previous degree with new subjects, if you decide to choose a different area – therefore, we can say that a master's degree is more flexible than a specialization.

There are two main types of master’s degrees: taught and research. Taught master’s degrees are mostly based on lectures and seminars; here, as a student, you can choose your own research project. The research process takes longer at the research master’s degree , requiring more independent work from you. According to the country, the field of study and the type of program, they can take one to three years, part-time or full-time, requiring the final presentation of a thesis.

At a more advanced level than the master’s degree, a PhD is the next step on your knowledge of your field of study. During your PhD program, you are working to become a Doctor of Philosophy, consolidating and intensify your learning to finally become a researcher and to be awarded with a certificate of Doctor of Philosophy. The duration of the program is normally three to four years, but it can take longer to conclude if you decide to study part-time. During a fair part of the course you will have to develop an extensive research on a specific matter, which will culminate in a dissertation, with compulsory oral presentation at the end of the program. This is the “free pass” you need to teach at a higher education level or to work and assume a leading position in a specific area, which means that the PhD program can also be taught or research oriented.

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Integrated Masters with PhD – Explained
Types of Doctorates

An Integrated Masters with a PhD (iPhD) is a four-year postgraduate level programme that combines a one-year Masters course with a three-year PhD course. They allow students to familiarise themselves with their chosen topic, research methods and academic writing techniques before embarking on their own independent research project. An Integrated Masters with a PhD is particularly popular with international students and students who initially lack specialised knowledge or research skills.

Introduction

An Integrated Masters with PhD, also commonly referred to as either just an Integrated Masters degree or an Integrated PhD, offers a relatively new way to undertake postgraduate training. They maintain the depth and focus of a conventional PhD but offer a more comprehensive doctoral training experience.

Due to their growing popularity, both the number of universities offering these newer forms of PhD and the number of students applying to them has steadily increased.

This page describes what Integrated Masters with PhDs are, who they are for, their advantages and disadvantages, how they differ from conventional PhDs and how they are structured in terms of programme, eligibility and costs. This page is for you if you are considering applying for an integrated course, or simply want to know more about them.

What is an Integrated PhD?

An Integrated PhD is a four-year postgraduate programme. They involve undertaking a one-year Masters degree (MRes or MSc) in your first year, followed by a three-year PhD programme in your second to fourth year. Although the courses run back-to-back, a student can only progress to the second year if they show satisfactory performance in their first year. The one-year Masters and the three-year PhD are considered separately in terms of qualifications; therefore, a student who completes an Integrated PhD will receive both a Masters degree (MRes or MSc) and a PhD as opposed to a single postgraduate qualification.

The aim of an Integrated PhD is to provide a structured approach to doctoral studies, combining advanced PhD research with formal teaching in relevant subjects, research methods and communication skills.

As Integrated PhDs are relatively new compared to more regular doctoral pathways such as stand-alone or MPhil-upgraded PhDs, some professors informally refer to them as ‘New Route PhDs’.

Difference Between Integrated PhD and Regular PhD

The most significant difference between an Integrated PhD and a regular PhD is the addition of the one-year Masters degree at the beginning of the programme. This results in an Integrated PhD typically lasting four years, as opposed to the three years as with regular PhDs.

Integrated PhDs are structured in such a way that they provide students with a broader range of foundational skills than a regular PhD. The first year introduces you to a combination of taught elements, practical experience and advanced research skills. In a regular PhD this mode of teaching is missing as it is assumed you already have this level of knowledge.

The last significant difference between the two types of doctoral programmes is the ‘group’ aspect associated with the Integrated version. Since the Masters programme also includes other students enrolled in Integrated PhDs, you will have a small cohort with whom you will work closely alongside during your studies.

Who are Integrated PhDs suitable for?

Integrated PhDs can be an effective pathway for any student, but they stand out in two situations:

Scenario 1: International Students

The Higher Education system differs across countries , although not by a large amount, enough to where an unfamiliar student may struggle, especially when working independently. An Integrated PhD allows you to adapt to the UK education system by offering a more guided and hands-on approach to your learning and research process before you embark on your three-year research project.

It also has visa benefits. If an international student seeking a Masters degree in the UK already knows they want to follow it up with a PhD, enrolling in an Integrated PhD will save them from having to leave the country and re-apply for a visa after completing their initial postgraduate degree.

Scenario 2: Lack of undergraduate research experience or a relevant Masters degree

An Integrated PhD is useful for students who have academic abilities but lack the necessary background to be considered for a standard-route PhD. This usually occurs under one of three scenarios:

The applicant is currently an undergraduate student or only holds a Bachelor’s degree,
The student has a Masters degree, but in a subject only loosely related to the discipline they wish to pursue at doctoral level,
The student has a relevant Masters degree, but the programme lacked a research focus, leaving the student with underdeveloped research skills.

Advantages and Disadvantages of an Integrated PhD

The advantages of an Integrated PhD are strongly linked to the international and inexperienced students they cater for. They offer students an effective means of gaining more confidence, knowledge and research skills in their field before starting a doctorate, and also provide visa benefits to international students who will be undertaking prior postgraduate study.

Integrated PhDs also enable students the possibility of receiving funding for the Masters phase of their programme, as will be explained in more detail in the ‘Funding Opportunities’ section.

Integrated doctorates have no obvious disadvantages, but are generally not suitable for those who already have a Masters degree or well-developed research skills in their chosen field. For these students, the additional costs and duration of an Integrated PhD can be avoided by opting for a traditional PhD for which they will already be suited for.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

The programme of study is naturally divided into two parts, the first for your Masters studies and the second for your PhD studies.

Your Masters studies will usually be divided into 180 module credits, half of which will focus on taught components and the other half on research components.

The modules will be tailored to your course, but they will include a variation of:

Taught modules:

Subject-specific module – You choose one or two modules from a predefined list of topics within your subject area. Your selection should reflect the research area you want your PhD to focus on.
English and Communication – Academic language and communication skills will be taught to prepare you for the ‘writing-up’ phase of your doctorate. A common misconception is that this module is similar to the English language requirement tests required to apply to a iPhD. In reality, the module will focus on learning how to critically evaluate research sources, write abstracts, literature reviews and conclusions, communicate in lab-based environments and present to audiences.
Research Techniques – You’ll receive in-depth training to familiarise you with the different research methods and analytical techniques available to modern researchers.
Research Proposal Development – You’ll work with your intended PhD supervisor to prepare a research proposal for your three-year PhD research project.

Research Modules:

You will carry out one or two small laboratory research projects under supervision for practical experience.

Integrated PhD in UK - Lectures and Lab Work

If you complete these modules with satisfactory performance, you will be awarded a Masters degree and will be considered for the following three-year PhD programme.

Each university has its own process for making this consideration, but most invite you to an interview with the supervisor you wish to conduct research with. The interview is used to confirm that you have acquired the specialised knowledge and research skills expected at masters level, and beyond that of someone capable of completing doctoral study.

If your interview goes well, you will be enrolled in your PhD programme. From this point on, your path will be the same as a regular PhD student. During your doctoral phase, you will conduct independent research and laboratory work for two years, followed by a final year of writing up and formally submitting your findings as a thesis. Your thesis, expertise and research competence will be assessed in an oral examination known as a viva. Upon successful completion of your viva, you will be officially awarded a PhD, and your studies will come to an end.

It should be noted that aside from the above, your university may offer optional modules which can equip you with a wide range of transferable skills.

Eligibility

Entry requirements for an integrated masters degree in the UK will vary from university to university, but the typical requirement is an Upper Second Class (2:1) honours Bachelor’s degree in a relevant subject. Equivalent international qualifications are also accepted.

If you are an international student and English is your second language, most universities will require proof of your English language proficiency through an exam certificate. It’s best to check directly with the universities which certificate types they accept, but the most common English language qualification requirement is an IELTS certificate, with a minimum overall score of 6.5 with no less than 6.0 in each category.

The typical annual tuition fee for an Integrated PhD in the UK is £4,712 per academic year for home/EU students (or £2,356 for part-time study) and £19,596 per academic year for international students (or £9,798 for part-time study).

As with all doctoral programmes, there are likely to be additional costs associated with your studies, such as bench fees for lab work, travel costs for collaborating and potential write-up fees for students who need more time to submit their thesis. You can get more information about these additional costs on our cost breakdown page .

Funding Opportunities

You can obtain funding for Integrated PhDs in the same way as for regular PhDs. Funding is usually provided by one of the seven UK Research Councils and research charity organisations such as the Wellcome Trust ; grants, scholarships and funded opportunities can be found directly in our searchable database .

Funding can either be partial (tuition fees only) or full (tuition fees and living costs). Most funding providers also cover the tuition fee for the Masters degree programme due to being integrated with the PhD, however, you should confirm this on a case-by-case basis.

As with regular PhD funding, the fully-funded opportunities are generally limited to home and EU students.

It’s also worth noting that PhD programmes which include an integrated Masters degree are eligible for a Doctoral Loan , even if you already have a postgraduate Masters degree from a previous university. Applications for Doctoral Loans must be made directly to Student Finance England and you must first be registered for a full doctoral degree. Due to application restrictions, you won’t be able to apply for a separate Postgraduate Masters Loan for the integrated Masters phase of your degree.

Availability

You can search for Integrated PhDs in three ways:

Our Search Page – Search for the term ‘Integrated’ in our comprehensive database of STEM PhDs .
University Search Pages – Universities advertise their Integrated PhDs on their postgraduate search pages. You can find them by searching the name of the university followed by “ search postgraduate courses ” directly in Google.
Funding Body Websites – Funding bodies which provide studentships for Integrated PhDs sometimes advertise the positions on their website. A list of the most common funding providers can be found here: PhD Studentships .

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Dual Degrees: Combined Master’s and Ph.D. Programs

Dual degrees combine studies in two distinct but related fields, such as business and law.
Earning two degrees together can increase your career options and salary potential.
Dual degrees offer professional benefits, but tuition can get expensive.
Consider your career goals carefully to decide if you really need a dual degree.

If you’re looking for career versatility and high salary potential , combined master’s and doctoral programs can help you advance quickly in your field. These specialized programs combine a master’s degree in one area with a doctorate in another area, such as a master’s in business and a law degree.

Our guide to master’s and Ph.D. combined programs offers information on popular programs, career options, and answers to common questions about dual degrees .

What Is a Dual Degree?

Master’s and Ph.D. combined programs give you complementary skills in two different areas of study, preparing you for careers that cross professional boundaries. These degrees focus on related subjects that commonly intersect, such as law and public policy. By studying both fields together, you gain a more specialized perspective that can make you more competitive in the job market.

Completing two degrees simultaneously can also help you graduate faster, save money on tuition, and enter the workforce sooner.

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Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

9 Popular Combined Master’s and Doctoral Programs

This list highlights nine of the most popular types of combined master’s and doctorate. These dual degrees bring together diverse fields such as business, medicine, and education.

1. MBA & Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

Combining skills in business and nursing , a dual MBA/DNP prepares you for leadership positions in nursing and healthcare. With this dual degree, you’ll gain advanced skills in clinical care, nursing leadership, and healthcare management. An MBA/DNP gives you an understanding of both the practical and the business sides of the healthcare industry.

2. MBA & Doctor of Medicine (MD)

A dual MBA/MD can prepare you for cross-disciplinary jobs requiring intensive medicine and business leadership knowledge. Fusing two high-paying degrees , these master’s and doctorate combined programs train you for high-level healthcare leadership roles. Usually taking 5-6 years to complete, an MBA/MD equips you for clinical medical practice, medical leadership, and medical consultation in the private sector.

3. MBA & Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)

A combined MBA/Pharm.D. degree gives you comprehensive skills in both pharmacy practice and business leadership. This is an ideal program to pursue if you’re interested in a high-level career in the pharmaceutical industry. A dual MBA/Pharm.D. can also prepare you for entrepreneurship opportunities in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.

4. MBA & Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)

A dual MBA/Psy.D. degree can prepare you for both clinical psychology practice and private sector consultation without forcing you to commit to either path. These programs focus on psychology and business knowledge, commonly preparing you for executive coaching or organizational consulting jobs.

5. MBA & Juris Doctor (JD)

One of the most versatile master’s and doctorate combined programs, a combined MBA/JD covers both business management and law. This degree can prepare you for careers in corporate law or any other industry where business and law intersect. MBA/JD programs take 3-5 years to complete.

6. Master of Education (M.Ed.) & Juris Doctor

A combined M.Ed./JD gives you extensive knowledge of law, education leadership, and education policy. Coursework typically explores the relationship between education organizations and state and federal education regulations. This degree is ideal if you want a career in education administration , advocacy, or policy development.

7. Master of Public Policy (MPP) & Juris Doctor

A dual MPP/JD degree provides insight into both law and public policy. Often taking four years to complete, these master’s and doctorate combined programs focus on regulatory and legal issues related to public policy. After graduating, you can work in law, government, or other policy-related careers .

8. Master of Science (MS) & Medical Doctor

An MS/MD degree combines medical knowledge with scientific research, giving you a deeper understanding of the science behind clinical healthcare. These programs can prepare you for careers in healthcare, medical research, and teaching. You can complete an MS/MD degree program in five years of full-time study.

9. Master of Public Health & Medical Doctor (MPH)

A combined MPH/MD highlights the intersection of community health and clinical medical practice. This degree combines individualized and community perspectives on healthcare issues, training you both to treat patients and address larger, population-wide health issues. An MPH/MD program typically takes 4-5 years to complete.

Is a Combined Master’s and Ph.D. Degree Worth It?

Combined master’s and Ph.D. programs offer some notable professional benefits, including increased job options and higher salary potential. However, earning two advanced degrees usually doesn’t come cheap — particularly if you’re pursuing high-paying fields such as medicine, business, and law.

Ultimately, you have to weigh the increased cost of earning two degrees against potential future earnings in your field.

If you’re interested in a specific career path or hope to advance in your current job, a dual degree can be a practical choice. At the same time, it’s crucial to consider your return on investment and how much more you can realistically earn by completing two graduate degrees instead of just one.

Frequently Asked Questions About Dual Master’s and Ph.D. Programs

How long does a combined master’s and ph.d. program take.

Completion times for combined master’s and Ph.D. programs vary by school and type of degree, but most programs take 3-6 years. Accelerated programs may take as few as three years, while part-time programs usually take longer.

Do you need your master’s to earn a Ph.D.?

Education requirements for admission vary by program. Some dual degrees, such as the MBA/DNP, often require you to hold a master’s in nursing to apply. Others, such as the MBA/JD, only require a bachelor’s degree. Consult individual program admissions requirements to learn what level of education you need to apply.

What can you do with a combined master’s and Ph.D.?

Most combined master’s and Ph.D. programs prepare you for management roles and other advanced positions within your field. These degrees also qualify you for more specialized jobs that combine knowledge from multiple fields, such as healthcare management or corporate law.

Can you get your master’s and Ph.D. at the same time?

Dual master’s and Ph.D. programs often let you complete coursework for both degrees simultaneously. Combining coursework helps you earn your master’s and doctorate in less time than it would take to complete both degrees separately. Some programs may split coursework for the two degrees into different school years, while others let you work toward both degrees simultaneously.

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Dual-Degree Program Guide

Discover the benefits and differences of dual-degree programs and how they can enhance your academic and career opportunities in this comprehensive guide.