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Considering a Combined Degree: MD-PhD, MD-MBA, MD-MPH, MD-JD

New section.

You may not have known there are dual-degree programs offered by medical schools for students interested in pursuing an additional master’s degree. Learn about the difference between each of these dual-degree programs and why you might consider pursuing one.

While the majority of medical students pursue a traditional MD degree, dual-degree programs are available to students who are interested in pursuing an additional master’s degree in combination with their Doctor of Medicine.

According to the AAMC’s 2018 Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) , approximately 90% of students earn a traditional MD degree, 3% earn an MD-PhD, and the remaining earn a degree from another joint MD degree program with core foundation in medicine and focus in an additional area of interest.

Program description

This combined degree program prepares students to become physician-scientists who conduct research in addition to seeing patients. Most students earn their PhDs in biomedical disciplines such as biochemistry, biomedical engineering, biophysics, cell biology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, neuroscience, or pharmacology.

Application process

MD-PhD committee members will look for evidence of an applicant’s passion for research by reviewing the applicant’s personal statement, research experiences, and letters of evaluation from faculty or researchers with whom the applicant has worked. In particular, committee members want to see relevant and substantive research experience, an understanding of the work of physician-scientists, intellectual drive, and perseverance.

Combined length of programs

Seven to eight years

Education process

The typical program includes two years of combined medical and graduate school coursework, three to five years of doctoral research — including the completion of a thesis project — and a return to medical school for core clinical training and electives during the final years of the curriculum

Almost all U.S. and Canadian medical schools have MD-PhD programs in one or more areas of specialization. You can find a listing of MD-PhD programs available at AAMC member medical schools here .

Career options

Learn more at MD-PhD in the Social Sciences or Humanities: Is It Right For Me?

An MD-MPH program includes a Master of Public Health degree, which typically focuses on population or community health and equips students with the clinical skills and science background needed to effectively understand health and wellness from the perspectives of patients and different community populations. Topics studied include a patient’s ability to afford their medical prescriptions and how to work with communities to implement preventative care practices.

The process varies depending on the program. You may apply while applying to medical school, after being accepted to medical school, or after completing your second year of medical school.

Students can begin the MPH portion of their coursework after their first or second year of medical school. Possible concentrations include Child and Family Health, Environmental Health, Global Health Leadership, Health Education and Promotion, and Public Health Policy.

The MD-MPH prepares graduates to work as physicians in a public health setting, which may include diagnosing health problems and risk factors of individuals and within communities. Graduates use their perspectives to research and identify public health issues and implement an evidence-based approach to health improvement. In addition to clinical practice, MD-MPH degree holders may pursue careers related to disease prevention, health education, research, implementation science, and policymaking. Visit  AAMC's Directory of MD-MPH Educational Opportunities for more information.

Health care and business are interconnected. Physicians often make business decisions related to which diagnostic tests to run and understanding which treatments insurance will cover. An MBA also equips physicians with the ability to make important business decisions related to growing their medical practices and determining if their practice can afford the cost of a new machines.

Students may indicate their interest in the MD-MBA joint degree upon being accepted to medical school, but they typically will not apply to the business program until their second year as a medical student. Applicants pursuing an MD-MBA will need to gain admission to the school of business and, in addition to the MCAT ®  exam, MD-MBA students may be required to complete the GRE or GMAT depending on the business school requirements.

The MD-MBA curriculum incorporates economics, finance, and marketing strategy. Students may complete the first year of the MBA program prior to beginning medical school, and then complete a traditional medical school program.

Graduates from MD-MBA programs can pursue management roles in hospital administration, health care policy research, pharmaceutical or insurance companies, or medical device entrepreneurship with biotech companies. Being able to understand the financial motivations within the health care industry allows those with an MD-MBA to improve the health care system.

Students seeking a deeper understanding of the laws impacting the practice of medicine may benefit from a MD-JD program. These programs are designed for medical students who wish to integrate their study of medicine with training in the legal field.

Students will need to gain admission into the JD program at the law school through a separate application process. They may apply to law school during the second year of their MD program and will need to complete the LSAT exam. The LSAT is offered multiple time a year.

Combined length of program

Typically, students will be enrolled in a MD program for the first two years of their education before pursuing a JD during the third and fourth years. Students may complete their remaining MD and JD coursework during their fifth and sixth years.

Graduates with JD-MD degree may opt to work in academia, government, or in the private sector pursuing careers in health policy, biotechnology, or bioethics. The law curriculum prepares those who choose to practice medicine for the legal aspects of running a private medical practice.

More information in the MSAR ® guide

If you’re interested in schools with combined-degree programs, you can search the Medical School Admissions Requirements™ for a list of schools with programs you are interested in for free. Even without a subscription, you can search by program and narrow the search by location, campus type, and then view each program’s contact information and website.

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A Bloomberg School MPH can come in many forms. Learn about the many different types of MPH options available to you.

The full-time format is an 11-month experience, which spans one academic year at the Bloomberg School (July-May). Five 8-week terms allow students to complete 80 credits in this timeframe—and earn the MPH degree quickly. Most, if not all courses are completed onsite at the East Baltimore campus. Students may also take advantage of online offerings. Please review the MPH student manual for the full-time format for further details (you can email the MPH Program Office for a copy of the program manual).

The MPH Program is a STEM-designated program. View more information.

Learn more about Full-Time Options including Special Programs

Students may complete their MPH program fully online, fully on-site or via a combination of online and on-site courses. Online courses with pre-recorded lectures, discussion boards, and live chats allow part-time students to arrange their study around their personal schedules. Intensive on-site institute courses also provide opportunities for on-site networking and interactions.

While online/part-time students have four years to complete the degree requirements, students typically earn the degree in two-three years by taking, on average, one-three courses per term. Some students may complete the degree in as little time as one year utilizing full-time student status. Part-time students have incredible flexibility in designing and planning their curriculum with many choices of courses as well as modalities of instruction (online or on-site in 8-week terms or intensive institute courses).

Matriculation into the program occurs at 3 different time periods across the year: January (online Orientation), June (online or on-site Orientation in Baltimore), November (on-site Orientation in Barcelona). Please review the MPH student manual for the online/part-time format for further details (you can email the MPH Program Office for a copy of the program manual).

Learn more about Part-Time Options

Dual Degrees

Dual degrees with other Johns Hopkins schools or other universities are also an option. Learn more about the dual degree programs below.

The MD/MPH dual degree program provides medical students with a population-based perspective on health and tools to address public health challenges. Two years of training from  Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  or any accredited  U.S. medical school fulfills the two years of health-related work experience required for admission to the Bloomberg School MPH program.

Students in the MD/MPH dual degree program are from medical schools across the U.S., including Georgetown University, VCU, University of Iowa, Mayo Clinic, UCLA, UCSD and OHSU, and many more.

Graduates earn an MD degree from their medical school and an MPH degree from the Bloomberg School. Alumni hold domestic and international leadership positions such as:

• Country Director, sidHARTe, Rwanda
• Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
• Co-Founder & CEO, Last Mile Health, Boston/Liberia
• Attending Physician, Intermediate Care Program, Division of Medical Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Medical students typically enroll in the MPH program between the 3rd and 4th year of medical school. Coursework must be completed in the 11-month,  full-time format . Learn more about the  MPH curriculum .

Requirements  are the same as the full-time MPH program. Two years of U.S. medical training will fulfill the two years of health experience required for admission to the MPH program. Medical students must  apply to the MPH program  through SOPHAS and request a leave of absence for one year from medical school.

The Bloomberg School and the Carey Business School of Johns Hopkins University offer the Master of Public Health and Master of Business Administration (MPH/MBA) dual degree program. The MPH/MBA provides experienced professionals with the knowledge and skills to be successful leaders in health-related organizations.

The MPH/MBA Program is a STEM-designated program. View more information.

The average cohort of 18-24 students is enrolled on a full-time basis. Graduates receive two degrees on two separate diplomas.

Alumni hold domestic and international leadership roles such as:

• Deputy Branch Chief, Division of Population Health, CDC
• Associate Partner, McKinsey & Co.
• Deputy Health Office Chief for Zambia, USAID
• Founder and CEO, Apricot Forest
• Project Director for Southern Africa, Chemonics International
• Senior Business Designer, IDEO.org

Students pursue an integrated curriculum with both public health and business courses. They are trained in population-based health, strategic planning, health economics and more. The program requires 64 MPH credits and 63 MBA credits, for a minimum of 127 total credits to graduate.

Students complete the dual degree program in nine terms (two years). Tuition per term is based on the full-time rate at the Bloomberg School. 

The following is a sample course of study. Enrollment in electives may vary across terms.

**Students are encouraged to complete the capstone during the  1st year of the program , but have the option of following the May Symposium timeline during the first or second year.

Summer internship placements have included consulting firms, government agencies and not-governmental organizations (NGOs):

• Booz Allen Hamilton
• Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA
• Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Johnson & Johnson), New Jersey
• Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
• UNICEF, Kenya
• USAID, Africa Bureau, Washington, DC
• World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Requirements * and deadlines are the same as the full-time MPH program.

Applicants submit only one application for the MPH/MBA through the  Bloomberg School . Applications are processed through SOPHAS, and the admissions committees of both schools review applications independently.

* MPH/MBA applicants are required to take either the GRE (preferred) or the GMAT. 

GRE/GMAT Waivers

Minimum eligibility requirements are as follows: 

• three or more years of full-time, post-graduate work experience at the time of program start
• a minimum cumulative 3.0 GPA in undergraduate coursework OR an advanced degree or professional degree (i.e., earned master’s or doctorate) 

Meeting the minimum eligibility criteria does not guarantee a waiver and receiving a waiver does not guarantee admission. There is no separate application required for GMAT/GRE waiver. All MPH/MBA applicants will see questions asking if they are requesting a waiver and confirming their qualifications in the test score section of the application. 

If you earned your bachelor’s degree outside the United States, your 3.0 GPA must be confirmed by  a course-by-course evaluation from an approved credential evaluation agency  before your waiver will be granted. 

If you are not eligible for a waiver or otherwise wish to submit a score, we are accepting the GMAT Online and GRE at Home in addition to the traditional versions of both exams.

*Application for admissions serves as the application for merit-based scholarships. ** MOST ADMITTED CANDIDATES ARE AWARDED COMBINED SCHOLARSHIPS FROM CAREY & BLOOMBERG.

Paul Whong MPH Program Manager Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 410-955-1291 [email protected]

Paul Mucciarone Johns Hopkins Carey Business School 410-656-2510 [email protected]

The Bloomberg School and the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS) offer the  Master of Business Administration and Master of Public Health  (MBA/MPH) dual degree program.

Students pursue complementary studies in public health and international business. They observe first-hand the opportunities and challenges in China’s giant health care market, which is vital for future leaders in global health.

Graduates earn the MBA degree from CEIBS and the MPH degree from the Bloomberg School.

Starting in academic year 2016-17, one candidate will be selected for a joint CEIBS/BSPH Scholarship in the amount of $20,000 to pursue the MPH portion of this dual degree.

Students earn both degrees in 23 months, six months less than if each degree were sought separately. Training includes population-based health, strategic planning, health economics and more.

• Year 1: MBA coursework, CEIBS,  Shanghai Campus in China
• Year 2: MPH coursework in the 11-month, full-time format in  Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.

Requirements  and deadlines are the same as the full-time MPH program, however, applicants must apply to  CEIBS  and the  Bloomberg School  separately. The application to the MPH program is processed through SOPHAS and applicants should take care to indicate the appropriate year they will begin the MPH program. The admissions committees of both schools review applications independently.

Applicants are REQUIRED TO TAKE EITHER THE GRE or the GMAT . IELTS and TOEFL scores are waived for students who meet the CEIBS English language requirement.

Meeting CEIBS’s pre-MBA working experience requirement, together with the completion of one year MBA at CEIBS satisfies the health experience requirement of the MPH.

CEIBS MBA Admission Office [email protected]

MPH Program Office [email protected]  

The Bloomberg School and the University of Maryland School of Social Work offer the Master of Public Health and Master of Social Work (MPH/MSW) dual degree program.

Students gain a population-based perspective and expertise in the quantitative sciences that, when combined with training in social work, prepare them to be effective members of the social work community with the ability to plan, implement and evaluate service programs.

The MPH degree is awarded upon completion of the MSW degree. Alumni hold domestic and international leadership roles such as:

• Global Health Officer, United Nations Foundation, Washington, D.C.
• Deputy Director for Development and Community Outreach, Maryland Citizens’ Health Initiative Education Fund, Baltimore, Maryland
• Public Health Analyst, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C.
• Women and Infant Health Program Manager, Wyoming Department of Health, Casper, Wyoming

Students complete both the MSW and MPH programs with fewer courses than if they had enrolled in each program separately.

• The School of Social Work allows six to nine credits of its program to be completed through MPH coursework (six credits of research requirements and three credits of electives).
• The Bloomberg School allows students up to 20 credits of special studies to pursue expertise in a combined public health and social work practicum.

Year 1: MSW coursework, University of Maryland School of Social Work Year 2: MPH coursework in the 11-month, full-time format Year 3: MSW coursework, University of Maryland School of Social Work

Learn more about the MPH curriculum .

Applicants must apply separately to the Bloomberg School and the University of Maryland School of Social Work. The standard MPH admissions prerequisite of two years of health-related work experience is waived. All other  prerequisites  must be met. The  application  to the MPH program is processed through SOPHAS and applicants should take care to indicate the appropriate year they will begin the MPH program.

Marie Diener-West, PhD Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
 615 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21205 410-955-1291 [email protected] Terry Shaw, PhD, MSW, MPH University of Maryland School of Social Work
 525 W. Redwood St. Baltimore, MD 21201-1777
 410-706-3811 [email protected]

The Juris Doctor and Master of Public Health (JD/MPH) dual degree program prepares students in the overlapping fields of law, public health, policy and ethics.

Graduates earn a JD degree from their accredited U.S. law school and an MPH degree from the Bloomberg School. Both degrees are awarded upon completion of the program.

Alumni have pursued careers in public policy, government, advocacy and academia. Some have chosen to work for law firms, while others serve as in-house counsel for health care delivery organizations, like hospitals. Job titles and locations include:

• Senior Corporate Counsel, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
• Criminal Enforcement Counsel, EPA, Washington, D.C.
• Public Health Policy Lawyer and Political Liaison to the Board of Supervisors, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
• Foreign Affairs Officer, U.S. Department of State, Washington D.C.

Students can enter the program after completing a minimum of two full-time semesters (one year) in law school. In addition to the program curriculum, JD/MPH students are required to take two additional courses:

• Public Health and the Law
• One elective in  Ethics and Public Health

The JD/MPH program applicants must apply to the  MPH program  through SOPHAS and request a leave of absence for one year from law school. Applicants not yet enrolled in law school must apply separately to the  Bloomberg School  and an accredited U.S. law school.

The requirement for a standardized test score can be fulfilled with the LSAT. The standard MPH admissions prerequisite of two years of health-related work experience is waived. All other prerequisites must be met.

Jon Vernick, JD, MPH ’94 Co-director of the JD/MPH Program Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [email protected] 410-955-7982

The Bloomberg School and the  Georgetown University Law Center’s O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law  offer the Master of Laws and the Master of Public Health (LLM/MPH) dual degree program.

Students are trained in public health practice and the role of law in solving critical global health challenges. Graduates earn the LLM degree in Global Health Law from Georgetown University and the MPH degree from the Bloomberg School. Both degrees are awarded upon completion of the program.

The dual degree program begins at the Bloomberg School. However, the MPH Practicum requirement is fulfilled during Year 2 by completing the O'Neill Institute Practicum. The MPH program office must approve the practicum proposal.

• Year 1: MPH coursework in the 11-month, full-time format in  Baltimore, Maryland
• Year 2: LLM coursework, Georgetown University Law Center in  Washington, D.C.

Requirements  and deadlines are the same as the full-time MPH program. The requirement for a standardized test score can be fulfilled with the LSAT and the MPH admissions prerequisite of two years of health-related work experience is waived.

Applicants must apply to the  Bloomberg School  using the SOPHAS application and to Georgetown University Law Center separately and simultaneously. The dual degree program requires acceptances from both schools.

Candidates who are not admitted to the dual degree program may still be eligible for admission to either the MPH Program or the LLM in Global Health Law Program, if they satisfy the individual program's admissions requirements.

Jon Vernick, JD, MPH ’94 Co-director, JD/MPH Program Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 410-955-7982 [email protected] Sarah Bosha, LLM, MA Director, Global Health Law LLM Program O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law Georgetown University Law Center [email protected] Georgetown Law Admissions [email protected]

Veterinary students desiring a Master of Public Health (MPH) may enroll in the MPH program after graduation or after at least two years of veterinary school.  Students in the DVM/MPH program will earn a DVM from their veterinary school and an MPH from Johns Hopkins. 

In particular, BSPH has partnered with the Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM) to offer combined degrees where BSPH MPH graduates enter RUSVM to study veterinary medicine and that RUSVM DVM graduates enter the BPSH MPH program. For information on the RUSVM program, visit

https://veterinary.rossu.edu/

Alumni hold domestic and international leadership positions such as:

• Area Medical Director, VCA
• Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Veterinary Epidemiologist at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Veterinary Medical Officer at FDA

Coursework must be completed in the 11-month,  full-time format . Learn more about the  MPH curriculum .

Requirements  are the same as the full-time MPH program. Veterinary students must apply to the program and request a leave of absence from veterinary school. The years of veterinary training will fulfill the two years of health experience required for admission to the School’s MPH program. Veterinary students  apply to the MPH program  through SOPHAS.

For information on the DVM/MPH program, contact Dr. Meghan Davis at  [email protected]

The Bloomberg School and the School of Nursing of Johns Hopkins University offer the Doctor of Nursing- Executive Track and Master of Public Health ( DNP/MPH ) dual degree program.

This program prepares nurse leaders to take on executive level roles in healthcare and tackle critical public health challenges locally and globally. 

Students pursue an integrated curriculum with core coursework in nursing and public health, as well as flexibility to choose electives based on individual interests. The program is offered in a part-time, online format and is 3 years in length.

The School of Nursing serves as the student’s “home” school and provides all administrative functions including admissions, financial aid, and course registration. Applications for the DNP/MPH must be obtained from and submitted to the School of Nursing and will be reviewed by the admissions committees of both schools.

For best consideration, please submit the application by November 1st, the admission priority deadline date at the School of Nursing. Please visit their website for  application instructions .

Cathy Wilson Director, School of Nursing Admissions Office 410-614-5489 |  [email protected]

MD-PhD, Combined Degree

School of medicine, md - phd, combined degree program.

From its inception, the physician-scientist has been a hallmark of Johns Hopkins medicine and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Indeed, the Hopkins tri-emblem represents the three core values of the institution: teaching, patient care, and research.

The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine offers a variety of opportunities for the training of medical scientists, including a combined curriculum leading to both MD and PhD degrees.  This enables students who aspire to careers in academic medicine to obtain intensive training in specialized areas of the biomedical sciences in addition to top-flight medical training. The traditional diversity and flexibility of the educational opportunities at Johns Hopkins permit the design of individualized programs to meet the needs of students with a variety of interests, educational backgrounds, and career goals.

To accomplish our training goals, we expect students to fully commit to medical training while in medical school and research training while in graduate school.  However, we also take important steps to ensure that students are exposed to the intersection of both worlds early in their training, as well as given the professional and career development advice they need to succeed.

In a word, the MD-PhD curriculum at Johns Hopkins is flexible. Most students decide to complete the first two years of medical school before they begin graduate school and finish the last two years of their medical training after completing their thesis work (see the Timeline below). However, students who want more first-hand experience in clinical medicine before beginning graduate work can elect to complete three years of medical school, followed by their graduate training, and then the last year of medical school. This can give them a better appreciation of the potential clinical relevance of their research. In making a choice, trainees consult extensively with the Program Director, the Dean of Students, members of the MD-PhD Committee, prospective research mentors, and their faculty advisors. Students in the MD-PhD Program are accepted to all graduate programs, so decisions regarding graduate training programs can be made with a strong understanding of each program.  The MD-PhD Committee is responsible for program oversight and admissions.  Students complete MD-PhD training on average in eight years.

Johns Hopkins interdisciplinary organizational structure means each faculty member may be affiliated with several clinical departments, research sections, and graduate programs. 

Formal graduate programs in the School of Medicine encompass the following areas: Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology; Biological Chemistry; Biomedical Engineering; Molecular Biophysics; Functional Anatomy and Human Evolutionary Studies; Cell Biology; Cellular and Molecular Medicine; History of Medicine; Human Genetics; Immunology; Neuroscience; Pathobiology; Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Cellular and Molecular Physiology. Students are also eligible to obtain their PhD in one of the 11 graduate programs at the Bloomberg School of Public Health or the School of Arts and Sciences on the Homewood Campus.  

The MD-PhD Program also sponsors special seminars and lectures, and maintains a dedicated library, the Paul Talalay MD-PhD Library, to enrich the educational opportunities of all MD-PhD students. Efforts are made to acquaint MD-PhD candidates with the major advances, concepts, and cutting-edge techniques in contemporary medicine and biomedical sciences.  We also create an environment that promotes  collegiality and a more intimate personal contact with successful medical scientists in this institution.

Admission Procedures.  Individuals who wish to apply for admission to the combined MD-PhD Program of the School of Medicine must submit an application through AMCAS  in which they will indicate the MD-PhD Program.  Once the AMCAS application has been verified and submitted to Hopkins, the applicant will receive an invitation to complete the Hopkins Secondary Application.  Here the applicant will submit the additional materials required for the combined degree.  Johns Hopkins does not allow applicants to apply to both the traditional MD program and the combined program during the same cycle.   

All combined-degree applications are reviewed by a subcommittee of the  MD-PhD Committee , which is comprised of faculty from the basic sciences and clinical arena, as well as faculty from the Bloomberg School of Public Health.  A separate Graduate School application is not necessary. The MD-PhD Committee determines whether or not an interview is indicated.  In general, the committee is looking for students with a passion for research and a commitment to medicine.  This assessment is based on the applicant’s research experience, letters of recommendation, academic performance and extracurricular activities. The Committee considers standardized test scores only in the context of the applicant’s other credentials. If an interview is granted, the applicant is notified by the MD-PhD Office and after the applicant accepts, the process for scheduling an interview begins.  Interview visits generally occur over two days. Applicants are interviewed by members of the MD-PhD Committee and other faculty members who share their research interests. Applicants have many opportunities to meet with current students and tour the campus during their visit. 

Approximately 10-12 MD-PhD students matriculate each year. Students who matriculate to the traditional MD Program but have a clearly demonstrated interest and experience in scientific research, are eligible to apply to the combined MD-PhD Program.  These students may apply for admission during the fall of their first or second year of medical school.  These qualified applicants are evaluated and placed in the pool for the current application cycle and will be considered for MSTP funding.  

All eligible applicants who are admitted to the MD-PhD Program are funded by the NIH Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) Award.  This program, supported by the National Institutes of Health, provides full tuition, stipend, and medical and dental insurance for students. Due to federal restrictions, only U.S. citizens and permanent residents are eligible for MSTP funding.  

Graduates of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine MD-PhD Program have gone on to become leaders in many areas of academic medicine.  Advice on the scope and opportunities offered by the MD-PhD Program may be obtained from the Director or Administrative Director.