good hook for hamlet essay

Guidelines for Writing A Great Hamlet Analysis Essay

To enhance the independent work of students and the development of public speaking skills, many teachers resort to such a form of knowledge control as an essay. This type of activity can be attributed to small written works. The essay in its volume is significantly inferior to the thesis since it is usually related to a specific subject under study and includes an analysis of a limited number of concepts considered during training.

Writing a literary essay is usually based on an analysis of a literary text. Sometimes it’s difficult for students to complete this assignment, but at any time they can contact professionals, such as WriteMyPaper4Me , and get a stellar paper! However, it is very important to learn to overcome such difficulties and to complete an essay without any help. Below we will give you recommendations for writing a great Hamlet analysis essay.

5 Key Writing Tips

As it is known, Hamlet has long been recognized by society as the great eternal image of world literature. The play “Hamlet” became not only the closest story for the reader, literary and theatrical critics, actors and directors, but acquired the significance of a text-generating work of art. The eternal image of the doubting Hamlet inspired a whole string of writers who, one way or another, used his character traits in their literary works.

In order to conduct a good literary analysis of the protagonist and the novel as a whole, and as a result, write an excellent essay, the author should take into account the following recommendations:

Define the structure of your paper. As a rule, an essay consists of three main structural elements: introduction, main part, and conclusion;
In the introduction a narrator should point the topic, highlight the main issues that need to be considered;
In the main part, it is advisable to represent a system of argumentation based on a deep study of the play. You should put forward new different ideas in a logical sequence, which will enable the reader to trace the direction of your answer. For the convenience of presentation and clarity of the logic of each argument, evidence, and statement, the main content is divided into paragraphs or sections that may have independent subheadings;
The conclusion is the last basic element of an essay. The writer usually represents here a summary of basic ideas;
When checking the work, it is necessary first of all to pay attention to whether the ideas are arranged in a logical order. Usually, each paragraph of the main text should contain no more than one idea in question. In addition, it is important to check each sentence of the work for errors, as a good knowledge of the language should be demonstrated in the essay.

We hope our tips will help you to write a Hamlet analysis essay at the highest level!

Combine all five tips to write the perfect Hamlet analysis essay.

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140 Hamlet Essay Topics

One of Shakespeare’s most iconic plays is Hamlet. Set in Denmark, it tells the story of Hamlet, a young prince who becomes aware of his father’s death and seeks revenge against his mother Gertrude by killing her new husband, Claudius.

The play is a thrilling roller coaster ride of emotions, with themes such as lust, love, betrayal, and revenge present throughout the story.

Hamlet Essay Writing

Usually first studied in high school literature classes, Hamlet’s many themes have been the subject of many essay writing assignments. Whether it’s an argumentative, persuasive, or analytical essay, the trick to writing about Hamlet lies in the following steps.

Understand the Reading

The key to writing about Hamlet is understanding it. Shakespeare wrote in a much different way from modern literature, so it takes time for many to understand the writing or where the author is going.

To better understand the play, it may be necessary to read it multiple times. It can help to mark specific sections with a color-coded or annotation system. If you color code the reading, use different colored highlighters designated to a particular theme, symbol, character, or event to mark several passages. If annotating, use a pencil or pen to underline, circle, or write notes in the margins of important passages.

By marking the reading as you go through it, you develop a better idea of how each symbol relates to the others and the overall story.

Choose a Topic

Once you have read through the play and made notes detailing the significant themes, symbols, and characters, it is time to choose a topic. There are many different ways to approach the essay, depending on what you feel will make for the best argument or story.

Pick a topic that interests you and can be backed by the number of examples you have highlighted or noted while reading the play. If you are having trouble choosing a topic for a Hamlet essay, consider using any of the 140 Hamlet essay topics at the bottom of this article.

Create a Strong Thesis Statement

Once you have chosen a topic, it is time to create your thesis statement. A thesis statement on Hamlet should include the topic your essay will focus on, as well as an argument that your textual evidence can support. For example:

“The role of women in Hamlet is significant to understanding the meaning behind revenge.”

“Hamlet’s lust for Gertrude affects his ability to carry out his plan for revenge.”

“It can be argued that Hamlet is trapped in a cycle of revenge and cannot escape until the ghost gives him permission to do so.”

These thesis statements clearly state what your essay will focus on and can be backed up with examples from the play.

Hamlet Essay Structure

Once you have the key steps above completed, it’s time to start drafting your Hamlet essay.

Introduction

Start with a compelling hook that draws the reader in. For example, compelling opening sentences for Hamlet essays could be something like:

“In a time when women were expected to be silent…”

“Hamlet’s lust for his mother…”

“In a world where revenge…”

After the hook, you’ll want to include pertinent background information to help the reader understand your essay. For example, if you are writing about the role of women in Hamlet, begin with a brief summary of King Hamlet’s death and how it affected his family before getting into specific examples from the play that show the role of women.

Finish your introduction with a strong thesis statement that lays out the essay’s overall argument.

The body paragraphs should go logically from the least crucial point to the most vital, usually with one to three examples per paragraph. Use quotations from the play where possible, and remember to include any subtleties that tie back into your thesis statement.

Pro Tip: When quoting lines from Hamlet, be sure to reference them in the correct format. Depending on the style, this may require using parenthetical notation to reference the act, line, and scene, written as (1.2.41)

Your conclusion should summarize what you have said during your essay and tie up any loose ends that were left.

For example, if your essay began with a summary of King Hamlet’s death and how it affected his family, be sure to end the essay by reiterating how that loss impacted Hamlet’s life.

This is also where you can bring up any implications or possible future developments based on what has happened in the play to tie it back into the overall argument.

Pro Tip: Remember that a well-written essay will include fewer examples and more textual evidence instead of a long list of facts without any supporting quotes from the play. Include as much detail as possible about each example or instance you bring up in your essay to strengthen your argument and show your reader how each point is relevant to the topic.

Choosing the right topic for your Hamlet essay can be challenging. Fortunately, this list of 140 Hamlet essay topics is perfect for students writing about the famous play.

Hamlet Essay Topics About Tragedy

Discuss the tragedy of Hamlet and how it affects his life
Analyze how tragedy is represented through literary devices throughout Hamlet
Compare and contrast Hamlet’s various tragedies in terms of literary devices
Discuss how Hamlet’s tragedies are reflected through the characters in the play
Analyze the effect of death on both Hamlet and his family/friends
Compare/contrast Queen Gertrude’s tragedies to Lady Macbeth’s
Analyze how death functions as a literary device throughout Hamlet
Discuss whether or not Hamlet is truly a tragic hero
Compare and contrast the portrayal of tragedy in Hamlet and Romeo & Juliet
Discuss how Hamlet’s tragedies could have been avoided
Would it still be considered a tragedy if Hamlet happened in modern times?
Reflect on the theme of tragedy as it pertains to Hamlet
Which character in Hamlet experiences the worst tragedy, why?
How does the theme of tragedy compare with the other themes in Hamlet?
When does the tragedy of Hamlet become noticeable as the play progresses?
Why is Hamlet considered a tragedy?
Do you think that Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s best or worst tragedies?
How could the tragedy have been avoided in Hamlet?
Would better communication between the characters have prevented the tragedy in Hamlet?
Who is more of a tragic hero, Hamlet or Othello? Why?

Hamlet Essay Topics About Revenge

Discuss why Hamlet’s plan to seek revenge is an internal conflict
Analyze how Hamlet deals with his desire for revenge after learning of his father’s death
Compare and contrast Claudius’ and Macbeth’s quests for power that leads them to take a life
Analyze whether or not Hamlet’s motivations can be justified as revenge
Discuss the role of revenge and vengeance in Shakespeare tragedies (e.g., Othello, Macbeth, Romeo & Juliet)
Analyze how revenge is portrayed in Hamlet
Compare and contrast taking revenge on Claudius to Ulysses’s quest for revenge in The Odyssey
Discuss the concept of suspicious minds throughout Hamlet
Identify examples of extreme suspicion in Hamlet
Discuss the literary devices used to express suspicion in Hamlet
Analyze the impact of suspicious minds on Hamlet and his family/friends
Analyze the role of urgency in Hamlet: Is it a necessary part of revenge?
Is revenge justified in Hamlet? Discuss your answer.
Hamlet is often considered an anti-hero. Why do you think that is?
How would the story have been different if Hamlet had taken revenge sooner?
What does Shakespeare achieve through his portrayal of revenge in Hamlet?
Which character in Hamlet gets the most out of their revenge?
Is revenge ever warranted in any situation? Discuss why or why not.
How would modern-day society view Hamlet’s revenge plot?
Compare and contrast the themes of revenge in Hamlet with a modern-day literary work

Hamlet Essay Topics About Women in Hamlet

Analyze how women are portrayed in Shakespeare’s Hamlet
Compare and contrast Lady Macbeth and Gertrude in terms of their relationships with the men in their lives
Discuss the role of gender politics throughout Hamlet
Analyze how Gertrude is treated by her husband, son, and the other characters in the play
Analyze Gertrude’s role as Queen of Denmark
Analyze how Shakespeare uses women to convey the political atmosphere of Denmark during this period
What is the significance of the women in Hamlet?
How do male-female relationships function throughout Hamlet?
Compare and contrast the portrayal of women in Shakespeare’s Othello with that of Hamlet
If Hamlet was written today, how would the female characters be portrayed?
Was there any significance behind Claudius’ betrothal to Gertrude?
Discuss the importance of Ophelia’s death in Hamlet
How do women convey the theme of revenge throughout Hamlet?
Did Gertrude love Claudius, or was she forced into marriage with him?
Is any female character redeemed in Hamlet?
How does gender function as a theme in Hamlet?
Would a female director’s vision of the play be drastically different from a male director’s?
Discuss whether or not women stand up for themselves throughout Hamlet.
Analyze why Gertrude commits suicide at the end of Hamlet
How do women convey madness, desire, and revenge themes in Hamlet?
Do you think that Shakespeare was critical or supportive of women throughout his works?
Is Gertrude just as guilty for Hamlet’s death as Claudius is?
Analyze whether or not Shakespeare has a feminist or misogynistic view of women in Hamlet.

Hamlet Essay Topics About Grief

Analyze the role of grief in Hamlet
Discuss the various ways that characters deal with grief throughout Hamlet
Analyze Laertes’ main motivation for seeking revenge on Claudius
Compare and contrast how different characters are affected by grief in Hamlet
Analyze whether or not Laertes is a reliable source of information in the play
Analyze whether or not Hamlet is actually living up to his name throughout the play
What does Shakespeare mean when he says that “the readiness is all”?
How are the characters’ feelings about death conveyed in Hamlet?
How does grief influence the actions of various characters in Hamlet?
Which theme is more prevalent in Hamlet – grief or madness?
What is the significance of Ophelia’s death in Hamlet?
Would modern-day society view grief as a valid motivation for revenge?

Hamlet Essay Topics About Madness

Analyze the various ways that insanity is manifested in Hamlet
Discuss how Shakespeare uses madness to convey themes of grief and revenge in Hamlet
Compare and contrast Hamlet’s riddling with The Tempest’s concept of magic
What is the significance of the “ghost” scene in Act 1, Scene 4?
Is Hamlet genuinely insane?
Does Ophelia go mad, or does she purposefully act that way?
Does Claudius’ desire for power drive him into insanity?
Analyze whether or not all of the characters in Hamlet are truly insane.
How does insanity function as a theme throughout Shakespeare’s play?
What is the significance of Laertes’ recovery from his madness, and how does it affect the plotline?
Compare and contrast Gertrude’s sanity at the beginning of the play with her sanity at the end.
How does insanity manifest itself throughout Hamlet?
Which literary devices are the most essential for depicting the scope of madness experienced by characters in Hamlet?

Hamlet Essay Topics About Power & Corruption

Analyze the role of power dynamics within families in Hamlet
Discuss Claudius’ motivations for murdering his brother and marrying Gertrude
Analyze the significance of the name “Hamlet” throughout Shakespeare’s play.
Compare and contrast how different characters respond to their loss of power or status in the play.
Discuss the theme of corruption throughout the play.
Does power corrupt Claudius?
Are there any characters in the play that do not experience some form of loss of power, status, or nobility?
Compare and contrast Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with Laertes
How would the pursuit of power in Hamlet be viewed in modern times?
Is there a specific character that is corrupted or corrupting throughout Hamlet?
Discuss whether the theme of corruption exists more prominently in The Lord of the Flies or Hamlet.
What does Shakespeare mean when he says, “one may smile, and smile, and be a villain”?
Was one character’s quest for power the only thing going on in the play?
How do the themes of corruption and power in Hamlet mimic modern-day events?
What are the most significant changes throughout Hamlet in terms of power dynamics?
Which characters are corrupted by their pursuit of power, and which are not?
How does Shakespeare convey the theme of corruption through literary devices?
How does Shakespeare critique corruption and power in Hamlet?
Are there any characters that display no form of corruption after experiencing significant events in the play?

Hamlet Essay Topics About Jealousy

Analyze how the theme of jealousy plays out throughout Hamlet
Which characters in Hamlet express feelings of jealousy and why?
Compare and contrast Hamlet’s relationship with Ophelia to that of Laertes’ relationship with Ophelia.
How does Shakespeare use jealousy as a literary device?
Do you think Gertrude is justified in her feelings towards Ophelia?
Does Laertes’ understanding of his sister’s relationship with Hamlet influence his decision to fight in the duel?
What motivations do Hamlet and Laertes have in fighting in a duel with one another?
Compare and contrast Claudius’ feelings of envy when he hears of Fortinbras’ men passing by with the jealousy Laertes experiences towards Hamlet.
Does the theme of jealousy exist throughout the play?
How does Shakespeare portray the characters that experience feelings of jealousy in Hamlet?
Which character’s jealousy is most detrimental to their relationships with others?
What impact do Gertrude’s feelings for Claudius have on the play?
How does Shakespeare subtly convey feelings of jealousy through his use of language and literary devices?

Hamlet Essay Topics About Friendship

How do Ophelia’s feelings of loss influence her decisions to act in certain ways throughout the play?
What is the significance of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern betraying Hamlet?
Analyze whether or not Gertrude’s friendship with Claudius contributes to her betrayal of Hamlet.
How do the relationships between characters in Hamlet evolve throughout the play?
How does Shakespeare portray friendships in Hamlet?
Which character displays the most loyalty to another, and why?
What is the significance of Ophelia’s relationship with her father, Polonius?
What do you think Shakespeare thought about friendship based on Hamlet?
What is the importance of Hamlet’s relationship with Horatio?
How does Shakespeare portray friendships in his use of language and literary devices?
How would you define friendship based on your analysis of Hamlet?
Is it possible for someone who betrays another person to be considered a friend?

Hamlet Essay Topics About Morality

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do not experience as much change as the primary characters of the play from good to evil.
In what ways has Claudius changed since he came to power?
How would someone who has killed a person be viewed in modern society?
Compare and contrast Laertes’ actions with those of Hamlet’s.
Does Shakespeare explore immorality or morality in Hamlet?
Do you think Claudius can be saved from damnation in the eyes of God?
What impact do recent events in the play have on Hamlet’s decision to avenge his father’s death?
How does Shakespeare portray morality in his use of language and literary devices?

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Essays About Hamlet: Top 5 Examples and 10 Prompts

To write or not to write? To discover interesting topic ideas for your next essay, see below our round-up of helpful essays about Hamlet and writing topic prompts.

The tragedy of Hamlet , Prince of Denmark, is arguably the most famous work of William Shakespeare – or perhaps in the world of literature. A play revolving around love, betrayal, madness, and revenge, Hamlet is a masterpiece that opens with the murder of the King of Denmark. The ghost of the king will go on to appear before his son Hamlet throughout the play, seeking his help for vengeance by killing the new king, Hamlet’s uncle.

Written from 1600 to 1601 with five acts and published in a quarto edition, Hamlet has since been a beloved on the theatrical stages and modern film adaptations, becoming Shakespeare’s longest play and one of the most quoted in many art forms with its “To be or not to be” soliloquy.

Read on to see our essays and prompts about Hamlet.

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Top 5 Essay Examples

1. ”review: in a powerful ‘hamlet,’ a fragile prince faces his foes” by maya phillips, 2. “the concept of madness in hamlet by shakespeare” by cansu yağsız, 3. “analyzing the theme of religion in william shakespeare’s ‘hamlet’” by journey holm, 4. “ophelia, gender and madness” by ellaine showalter, 5. “the hamlet effect” by holly crocker, 1. the beginnings of hamlet, 2. was hamlet mad or not, 3. physicians’ diagnosis of hamlet, 4. feminism in the eyes of ophelia, 5. religion in hamlet, 6. oedipal complex in hamlet, 7. imageries in hamlet, 8. shakespeare’s language in hamlet, 9. an analysis of “to be or not to be” , 10. hamlet as a philosophical work.

“Hamlet” is one of the Shakespeare plays that most suffers from diminishing returns — adaptations that try too hard to innovate, to render a classic modern and hip.”

With the many theatrical adaptations of Hamlet, it may be a tall order for production companies to add new flairs to the play while being faithful to Shakespeare’s masterpiece. But Robert Icke, a theater director, stuns an audience with his production’s creative and technical genius, while Alex Lawther, his actor, offers a refreshing, charismatic portrayal of Hamlet.

“The cause of these three characters ’ madness are trauma and unrequited love. They also have a spot in common: a devastating loss of someone significant in their lives… In my view, Shakespeare wrote about these characters ’ madness almost like a professional about psychology, making the causes and consequences of their madness reasonable.”

Madness is the most apparent theme in Hamlet, affecting the main character, Hamlet, his love interest, Ophelia, and her brother, Laertes. The novel is most reflective of Shakespeare’s attraction to the concept of madness, as he was said to have personally studied its causes, including unrequited love, trauma from losses, and burnout.

“…I will argue that Hamlet’s hesitance to avenge his father’s death comes from something deeper than a meditation on another man’s life, a sort of faith. I will use three scenes in Shakespeare’s Hamlet to establish that the reason for Hamlet’s hesitance is religion and the fear of his own eternal damnation in hellfire.”

The essay builds on a pool of evidence to prove the religiousness of Hamlet. But, mainly, the author underscores that it is Hamlet’s religious reflections, not his alleged mental incapacity, that stifle him from performing his duty to his father and killing his murderer.

“Shakespeare gives us very little information from which to imagine a past for Ophelia… Yet Ophelia is the most represented of Shakespeare’s heroines in painting, literature and popular culture.”

The essay walks readers through the depictions of Ophelia in various stages and periods, particularly her sexuality. But the fascination for this heroine goes beyond the stage. Ophelia’s madness in the play has paved the way for constructive concepts on insanity among young women. She has also inspired many artists of the Pre-Rapahelite period and feminists to reimagine Hamlet through the lens of feminism.

“… [A]s the shame-and-troll cycle of Internet culture spins out of control, lives are ruined. Some of these lives are lesser, we might think, because they are racist, sexist, or just unbelievably stupid. Shakespeare’s Hamlet cautions us against espousing this attitude: it is not that we shouldn’t call out inane or wrong ideas … He errs, however, when he acts as if Polonius’s very life doesn’t matter.”

An English professor rethinks our present moral compass through the so-called “Hamlet Effect,” which pertains to how one loses moral standards when doing something righteous. Indeed, Hamlet’s desire for retribution for his father is justifiable. However, given his focus on his bigger, more heroic goal of revenge, he treats the lives of other characters as having no significance.

10 Writing Prompts For Essays About Hamlet

Essays About Hamlet written by Shakespeare

It is said that Shakespeare’s primary inspiration for Hamlet lies in the pages of François de Belleforest’s Histories Tragique, published in 1570 when Shakespeare was six years old. For your historical essay, determine the similarities between Belleforest’s book and Hamlet. Research other stories that have helped Shakespeare create this masterpiece.

Hamlet is the most fascinating of Shakespeare’s heroes for the complexity of his character, desire, and existential struggle. But is Hamlet sane or insane? That question has been at the center of debates in the literary world. To answer this, pore over Hamlet’s seven soliloquies and find lines that most reveal Hamlet’s conflicting thoughts and feelings.

Physicians have long mused over Hamlet’s characters like real people. They have even turned the cast into subjects of their psychiatric work but have come up with different diagnoses. For this prompt, dig deep into the ever-growing pool of psychoanalysis commentaries on Hamlet. Then, find out how these works affect future adaptations in theaters.

Throughout the play, Ophelia is depicted as submissive, bending to the whims of male characters in the play. In your essay, explain how Ophelia’s character reflects the perception and autonomy of women in the Elizabethan era when the play was created. You can go further by analyzing whether Shakespeare was a misogynist trapping his heroine into such a helpless character or a feminist exposing these realities.

Hamlet was written at a time London was actively practicing Protestantism, so it would be interesting to explore the religious theme in Hamlet to know how Shakespeare perceives the dominant religion in England in his time and Catholicism before the Reformation. First, identify the religions of the characters . Then, describe how their religious beliefs affected their decisions in the scenes.

Father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud proposes that Hamlet is hesitant to kill Claudius due to his Oedipus Complex, which grows with him in his adult years. An Oedipus Complex pertains to a male infant’s repressed desire to take possession of his mother from his father, who is viewed as a rival. First, write your analysis on whether you agree with Freud’s view. Then, gather evidence from passages of the play to agree or argue otherwise.

Hamlet in an “inky cloak” to signify his grief, a Denmark under Claudius linked to corruption and disease — these are just some imageries used in Hamlet. Find other imageries and explain how they achieved their dramatic effect on highlighting the moods of characters and scenes.

During Shakespeare’s time, playwrights are expected to follow the so-called Doctrine of Decorum which recognizes the hierarchy in society. So the gravediggers in Hamlet spoke in prose, as Hamlet does in his mad soliloquies. However, Shakespeare breaks this rule in Hamlet. Find dialogues where Shakespeare allowed Hamlet’s characters to be more distinct and flexible in language.

In the “To be or not to be” soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates suicide. Why do you think these lines continue to be relevant to this day even after centuries since Shakespeare? Answer this in your essay by elaborating on how Hamlet, through these lines, shares the suffering of the “whips and scorns of time” and our innate nature to endure.

In your essay, evaluate the famous philosophies that resound in Hamlet. For example, with the theme of suicide, Hamlet may echo the teachings of Seneca and the movement of Stoicism , who view suicide as freedom from life’s chains. One may also find traces of Albert Camus’s lessons from the Myth of Sisyphus, which tells of a human’s ability to endure.

Interested in learning more? Check out our essay writing tips . If you’re still stuck, check out our general resource of essay writing topics .

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Hamlet Character Analysis

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Published: Mar 19, 2024

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Introduction, motivations and ambivalence, identity and madness, morality and conscience, impact on the narrative.

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Hamlet - Essay Examples And Topic Ideas For Free

Hamlet, one of William Shakespeare’s most celebrated tragedies, delves into themes of madness, revenge, mortality, and existential despair. Essays could delve into the complex character of Hamlet, his internal struggles, and the philosophical dialogues that pervade the play. They might also explore the political intrigue, the family dynamics, and the elements of tragedy and supernatural in the narrative. Discussions could extend to the play’s enduring appeal, the various interpretations and adaptations over centuries, and its influence on later literature and drama. The discourse may also touch on the larger social and psychological themes explored in “Hamlet” and how they resonate with contemporary audiences. A substantial compilation of free essay instances related to Hamlet you can find at Papersowl. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Hamlet’s Psychoanalytic Analysis

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Revenge is the Overarching Theme of the Play Hamlet

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Patriarchy and the Shakespearean Woman

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The well known play, Hamlet written by William Shakespeare truly centers on the hardship of Hamlet being pressured to kill his uncle by plead of his dead father. It all began when Hamlet discovers a ghost which embodies the exact features of his recently dead father. The Ghost begs Hamlet to seek revenge for him since he was unfairly killed by his own brother named Claudius. Hamlet’s uncle not only killed his father, but he also had the audacity to […]

Women in the Shakespearean Era

Introduction Why is the fate of women taken carelessly by some actors and actresses? During the Shakespearean era, the role of women in most works was played by men and boys. This was because in the mediaeval world stage acting by women was considered disgraceful. William Shakespeare era considered acting to be a masculine profession rather than feminine. Most acting groups' recruited boys and men often compared to women. This take of women was mostly during the British time which […]

Shakespeare’s Hamlet Character Analysis

Hamlet is Shakespeare’s most extended and probably the most famous English language play ever written. In the script, the character Hamlet is the protagonist. Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, is the queen of Denmark. His uncle, Claudius recently killed his father, King Hamlet and married Gertrude. Hamlet’s actions depict him to have a lot of contradictions, reckless but cautious. Shakespeare captures the human characteristics perfectly with the character of Hamlet with an inconsistency of emotions such that no one knows what he […]

Hamlet’s Views on Men, Women and the World

When Hamlet is asking questions, he is not asking questions for himself but for man in general. How does Hamlet depict the world through his own problems? What kind of light does it cast on the world/society at large? The Tragedy of Prince Hamlet, a play by William Shakespeare, tells the tale of the youthful Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, who seeks retribution for his dad's murder by his uncle, Claudius, the newly appointed King of Denmark. In this play, it's […]

Shakespeare: Obedience and Powerless in Women

In Hamlet and Othello, Shakespeare criticizes the feminine issues that were present in his time, bringing awareness to the standard roles and ideal expectations of women by characterizing them in a space of being obedient and powerless. As women are portrayed as having ideal feminine values such as chastity and passiveness, the frailty of women is also brought to the surface. On the other hand, Shakespeare also seems to be suggesting that internal destruction is generated in the sense that […]

Hamlet Madness

William Shakespeare is one of the world’s most renowned writers still to date. He is the writer of 37 plays and 154 sonnets. One his most well-known plays is Hamlet, a tragedy filled with drama, revenge, madness, and death. The main character of the play, Hamlet, is the subject of whether he is actually mad or not. His indeed madness can be traced back to the tragic events that have occurred to him such as the death of his father […]

Reasons why Hamlet is not Insane

Though it may seem that Hamlet looks insane sometimes but in reality Hamlet is not insane. Hamlet is trying to seek the revenge that his father wants him to get. The insanity the people think they see in Hamlet, is what Hamlet sees himself as quandaring on what to do. Seeking revenge is hard for Hamlet to do, in the since he is going to end up killing his mother's lover, but on the other hand his father's killer. Hamlet […]

Where Can we Find Hamlet in our Lives

To say that Hamlet bears no resemblance nor relevance to everyday people's lives would be an uninformed statement. When further examined, the intuition into our current society that Hamlet provides becomes abundantly clear. For example, the many themes and motifs present in Shakespeare's Hamlet parallel issues that are relevant in our current society. Themes such as revenge, deception, mental health, etc. Firstly, the theme of revenge appears to be the most notable theme that reflects heavily in both Hamlet and […]

The Female Identities in Shakespeare’s Hamlet

Gender discrimination is based on human prejudice or discrimination against the sexes. This kind of discrimination has been going on for many centuries, and Shakespeare's era is no exception. Sex discrimination may affect anyone, but it mainly affects women and girls, such as Gertrude and Ophelia in Shakespeare's Hamlet. Sexism is fully embodied in this play. In this play, Women are inferior to men in their statements, and women's voices are easily ignored. This shows that Shakespeare is anti-female. In […]

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Hamlet is a Political Tragedy

The country is in the political disturbance. The King who everyone loved is dead. The political system is currently headed by Claudius. The country is in the hands of a man who is untrustworthy, unfair and a murderer. Claudius has killed his own brother. How can he be trusted? There's no balance in the political system. There is no balance in the political system. In Act 1, Scene 2 this is obvious. Even Claudius concedes that the country is disorganized […]

Hamlet Research Paper

In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the author uses various literary devices to convey many themes and sentiments to the reader, via his characters’ actions. The play’s focal character - Hamlet - is one that transforms throughout the play quite drastically, yet it can be argued that it was all part of a greater plan. As Hamlet returns to the castle to hear news that his father is dead, it brings a grand amount of grief and sadness to […]

Shakespeare’s Madness Within Hamlet and King Lear

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Shakespeare’s Characterization of Hamlet

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Elements of Comedy in the Play Hamlet

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About Feminism in Hamlet

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Jake Bourdages Michael Krause AP Literature November 26th, 2018 Hamlet Extract Analysis Introduction: It is the very beginning of the play at act 1, scene 2, and Claudius, with Gertrude by his side, has just been crowned the new king of Denmark. Claudius's first action as the king is to give his inaugural speech, in which he tells the kingdom that rather than mourning the old king everyone should be celebrating the new marriage between himself and Gertrude. After his […]

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Originally published :	1603
Setting :	Denmark
Playwright :	William Shakespeare
Genre :	Shakespearean tragedy
Original language :	Early Modern English
Characters :	Ophelia, Claudius, Polonius, Hamlet, Laertes, Horatio

How To Write an Essay About Hamlet

Introduction to shakespeare's hamlet.

William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" is a timeless work of literature that delves into themes of revenge, tragedy, morality, and the human condition. In the introduction of your essay, briefly summarize the plot of "Hamlet," focusing on the young Prince of Denmark who is the play's central character. Outline the key themes you intend to explore, such as the complexity of action, the mystery of death, and the struggle with moral corruption. This initial section should offer a concise overview of the play’s background and set the stage for a deeper analytical exploration of its characters, themes, and Shakespeare's use of language.

Exploring Themes and Characterization

The body of your essay should focus on a detailed analysis of the major themes in "Hamlet." Examine the theme of revenge and its implications on the characters’ actions and the play’s outcome. Discuss the existential questions raised by Hamlet’s famous soliloquy, "To be, or not to be," and how these reflect his internal conflict. Furthermore, analyze the play’s exploration of madness, both feigned and real, particularly in the characters of Hamlet and Ophelia. In addition to thematic analysis, delve into character studies. Examine Hamlet’s complex personality, his relationship with other characters like Claudius, Gertrude, and Ophelia, and how these relationships drive the plot forward. Use specific examples and quotations from the text to support your analysis, ensuring each paragraph delves into different aspects of Shakespeare’s work.

Shakespeare's Language and Dramatic Techniques

An essay on "Hamlet" should also pay attention to Shakespeare's use of language and dramatic techniques. Discuss the play's structure, its use of soliloquies, and the significance of its metaphors and imagery. Examine how these elements contribute to the play's thematic depth and emotional impact. This analysis can include how Shakespeare builds tension and conveys themes through dialogue, setting, and symbolism. By focusing on these elements, you can provide insight into Shakespeare’s craftsmanship and the ways in which "Hamlet" operates both as a piece of literature and a theatrical performance.

Concluding Thoughts on Hamlet

Conclude your essay by summarizing the key points of your analysis, tying them back to your initial thesis about the play’s themes and significance. Reflect on the enduring relevance of "Hamlet" in modern times, considering why it continues to be a vital part of literary and theatrical discourse. You might also explore the play's influence on later literature and culture. A strong conclusion will not only provide closure to your essay but also extend its relevance, encouraging readers to continue contemplating the complexities of Shakespeare’s masterpiece.

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353 Hamlet Essay Topics & Ideas

Icon Calendar 18 May 2024
Icon Page 3220 words
Icon Clock 15 min read

Hamlet essay topics delve into the deep, convoluted world of Shakespearean tragedy, focusing on various themes, such as revenge, mortality, madness, and moral corruption. These topics provide a rich exploration of Hamlet’s internal struggles and existential crises, his complex relationships with characters, like Ophelia, Gertrude, and Claudius, and his philosophically profound soliloquies. They also invite analysis of the play’s symbolism, motifs, and underlying social and political commentary. Delving into these subjects, students can contrast Hamlet’s contemplative nature with the impulsive behavior of other characters, scrutinize the impact of the supernatural, or dissect the tragic elements that lead to Hamlet’s downfall. From examining the ambiguity of characters’ actions to questioning the meaning of life and death, Hamlet essay topics offer many critical lenses through which students can understand and interpret this famous work of literature.

Best Hamlet Essay Topics

Exploring the Concept of Revenge in Hamlet
Uncertainty in Decision Making: A Deep Dive Into Hamlet’s Indecisiveness
Madness as Portrayed in Hamlet: Real or Feigned?
Polonius as a Catalyst in the Tragedy of Hamlet
Interpreting the Significance of Ophelia’s Death
Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex: Analyzing Freudian Themes
Claudius’ Manipulation Techniques in Power Consolidation
Betrayal in Hamlet: Who Betrays Whom and Why?
A Comparative Study: Hamlet and the Elizabethan Era
Unpacking the Metaphor of Yorick’s Skull
Aesthetic Symbolism in the Mousetrap Play Within Hamlet
Laertes and Hamlet: A Study in Contrasts
Death and the Afterlife: How Does Hamlet Approach Existential Questions?
Soliloquies in Hamlet: Window Into the Prince’s Soul
Shakespeare’s Hamlet: A Feminist Interpretation
Hamlet’s Paralysis of Action: Causes and Consequences
Exploring Misogyny and Power Structures in Hamlet
Existential Crisis in Hamlet: A Modern Interpretation
Supernatural Elements in Hamlet: Apparition as a Narrative Device
Shakespeare’s Use of Foils in Hamlet: Purpose and Effectiveness

Easy Hamlet Essay Topics

Hamlet’s Tragic Flaw: Procrastination and Its Consequences
Understanding the Ghost of Hamlet’s Father
Analysis of King Claudius as Hamlet’s Adversary
Significance of the Play-Within-a-Play in Hamlet
Examining Hamlet’s Relationship With Gertrude
The Portrayal of Love and Relationships in Hamlet
Major Themes in Hamlet: A Comprehensive Review
A Closer Look at Hamlet’s Soliloquies
Character Analysis: Is Polonius Truly Wise?
Duplicity and Deception in Hamlet’s Denmark
Hamlet’s View on Life and Death
Comparing Hamlet and Laertes: A Study of Similarities
Symbolism in Hamlet: An In-Depth Study
Fortinbras as a Parallel Character to Hamlet
Fate vs. Free Will in Hamlet’s Narrative
Decoding the Importance of Dreams in Hamlet
Understanding the Tragic Ending of Hamlet
Guilt and Regret: Claudius’s Secret Torment
Hamlet’s Friendship With Horatio: An Analysis

Interesting Hamlet Essay Topics

Unraveling the Mystery of Hamlet’s Madness
Deconstructing the Hamartia in Hamlet’s Character
Dualism in Hamlet: Appearance vs. Reality
Disease and Decay: A Recurring Imagery in Hamlet
Analyzing Hamlet’s Misogyny: A Feminist Perspective
Deciphering the Cryptic Nature of Hamlet’s Soliloquies
Ophelia’s Descent Into Madness: A Psychological Interpretation
Insight Into Hamlet’s Melancholic Nature
Existentialism in Hamlet: A Philosophical Analysis
Analyzing the Significance of Fortinbras in Hamlet
Interpreting the Foreshadowing in Hamlet’s Narrative
Comparative Analysis: Hamlet and Macbeth
Decoding the Dramatic Irony in Hamlet
Morality and Ethics in Hamlet’s Denmark
A Closer Look at Hamlet’s Tragic Redemption
Significance of the Sea Imagery in Hamlet
Familial Relationships in Hamlet: An In-Depth Analysis
Closet Scene in Hamlet: A Turning Point
Understanding Hamlet Through His Soliloquies
Exploring the Underlying Theme of Madness in Hamlet

List of Hamlet Essay Topics to Start With

Understanding Hamlet’s State of Mind: A Psychological Analysis
Consequences of Revenge in Hamlet’s Story
Analyzing the Relationship Dynamics Between Ophelia and Hamlet
Shakespeare’s Usage of Dramatic Irony in Hamlet
Influence of Supernatural Elements in Hamlet
Tragic Elements in Hamlet: A Detailed Study
Unpacking the Concept of Death in Hamlet
Existential Dilemmas Faced by Hamlet
Imagery and Metaphors: A Study in Hamlet
Insights Into the Ghost of King Hamlet
Shakespeare’s Perspective on Morality in Hamlet
Tracing the Theme of Deception in Hamlet
Characters in Hamlet: A Comparative Analysis
The Portrayal of Power Dynamics in Hamlet
Feminine Characters in Hamlet: An Analytical Review
Hamlet and His Tragic Hero Attributes
King Claudius: An In-Depth Character Study
Disguise and Deceit in the Court of Denmark
Exploring the Theme of Loyalty in Hamlet
Decoding the Symbolism in Hamlet’s Soliloquies

Hamlet Argumentative Essay Topics

Deconstruction of the Ghost in Hamlet: A Derridean Perspective
Analyzing Hamlet through Lacanian Psychoanalysis
The Portrayal of Existentialist Philosophy in Hamlet
Hamlet’s Madness: A Rorschach Test for Audiences and Readers
The Politics of Power and Subterfuge in Hamlet
Ophelia: An Early Feminist Icon or Victim of Patriarchy?
Applying Carl Jung’s Theory of Archetypes to Characters in Hamlet
Hamlet’s Tragic Paradox: Intellectual Acumen vs. Emotional Impulsivity
Closet Scene: Freudian Psychoanalysis of Gertrude and Hamlet’s Relationship
Justice and Retribution: A Postmodern Reading of Hamlet
Analyzing Hamlet Using Judith Butler’s Theory of Gender Performativity
Meta-Theatrical Elements in Hamlet: A Performance Theory Approach
Hamlet’s Existential Crisis: A Nietzschean Perspective
Decoding Hamlet’s Tragic Flaw Through Aristotelian Lens
Hamlet and the Divine Right of Kings: A Political Analysis
Concept of ‘Delay’ in Hamlet: A Study in Elizabethan Context
Application of Julia Kristeva’s Intertextuality: Hamlet and Its Sources
Absurdism in Hamlet: A Comparative Analysis With Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot
Hamlet: An Eco-Critical Interpretation
Hamlet’s Soliloquies: A Bakhtinian Dialogic Analysis

Hamlet Research Paper Topics

Subjectivity and the Self in Hamlet: A Lacanian Analysis
Hamlet’s Delay: Procrastination or Philosophical Deliberation?
Gender Dynamics and Power Structures in Hamlet’s Denmark
Interpretation of Religious Themes in Hamlet
Understanding Madness in Hamlet: From a Foucauldian Perspective
Postcolonial Reading of Hamlet: Center and Periphery in Denmark
Tragic Ambiguity: A Comparative Study of Hamlet and Oedipus Rex
Interpreting Hamlet’s Indecision Through Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis
Metafiction in Hamlet: A Study of the Play Within the Play
Deconstructing the Use of Irony in Hamlet
Exploring Notions of Honor and Social Hierarchy in Hamlet
Decoding Hamlet’s Relationship With Ophelia: A Freudian Perspective
Ethical Dilemmas in Hamlet: A Kantian Interpretation
Existential Dread in Hamlet: A Study Through Kierkegaard’s Philosophy
Hamlet’s Soliloquies: A Study in Self and Society
Revenge Tragedy Elements in Hamlet: A Comparative Study With Spanish Tragedy
Interpreting the Paradox of Hamlet’s Character: A New Historicist Approach
Characterization in Hamlet: A Study in Contrast
The Intertwining of Politics and Morality in Hamlet

Hamlet Essay Questions Examples

How Does the Character of Hamlet Reflect the Freudian Theory of Psychoanalysis?
Exploring the Power Dynamics in Hamlet: A Foucauldian Analysis
Does Hamlet’s Madness Symbolize an Individual’s Struggle Against Society?
Can Hamlet’s Tragic Flaw Be Seen as a Reflection of His Intelligence?
How Do Hamlet’s Soliloquies Contribute to the Development of His Character?
What Makes Hamlet a Tragic Hero in Shakespeare’s Hamlet?
Interpreting the Theme of Revenge in Hamlet: What Are Its Consequences?
Is Ophelia a Victim or a Manipulator in Hamlet?
How Does the Ghost of Hamlet’s Father Influence the Course of the Play?
To What Extent Does the Theme of Mortality Drive the Narrative of Hamlet?
Can We Consider Hamlet as a Commentary on the Nature of Acting?
How Does Hamlet Conform to or Subvert the Conventions of a Revenge Tragedy?
How Does Hamlet Explore the Idea of the Individual vs. Society?
In What Ways Do the Other Characters Serve as Foils to Hamlet?
How Does the Play Within the Play Contribute to the Meta-Theatrical Aspects of Hamlet?
How Do the Concepts of Honor and Loyalty Manifest in Hamlet?
What Is the Significance of the Oedipal Complex in Hamlet’s Relationship With Gertrude?
How Does Hamlet’s Relationship With Ophelia Reflect His Attitude towards Women?
What Role Does Polonius Play in the Tragedy of Hamlet?
Can Hamlet Be Seen as an Exploration of the Human Condition?

The Theme of Modern Society for Hamlet Essay Ideas

Hamlet’s Indecision: A Reflection of Modern-Day Analysis Paralysis
Relevance of Hamlet’s Existential Crisis in the 21st Century
Interpreting the Tragic Hero: Hamlet in a Modern Context
Unpacking the Theme of Surveillance in Hamlet and Its Echoes in Today’s Society
Interpreting Hamlet’s Madness: A Lens to View Mental Health Stigma in Contemporary Society
Deception and Duplicity in Hamlet: A Comparison With Modern-Day Politics
Hamlet’s Struggle With Moral Dilemmas: Parallels in the Modern World
Tragic Outcomes of Revenge in Hamlet and Its Reflections on Modern Conflicts
Misogyny in Hamlet: A Dialogue on Current Gender Inequality
Exploring the Theme of Death in Hamlet: A Contemporary Perspective
Analyzing the Decay of Political Systems in Hamlet and Its Modern Reflections
Ophelia’s Madness: A Commentary on Societal Treatment of Women’s Mental Health
The Role of Conscience in Hamlet and Its Place in Modern Society
Authority and Power in Hamlet: A Mirror to Modern Political Structures
Father-Son Relationships in Hamlet and Its Reflections on Contemporary Society
Hamlet’s Soliloquies: An Exploration of Individualism in the Modern World
Corruption in Hamlet’s Denmark: Parallels With Contemporary Societies
Decoding the Concept of Honor in Hamlet and Its Resonance Today
Hamlet’s Tragic Paradox: Relevance in the Age of Information Overload

Hamlet Essay Topics on Themes and Motifs

Deconstructing the Motif of Revenge in Hamlet
Interpreting Death and Mortality in Hamlet: A Comprehensive Analysis
Unmasking the Theme of Madness in Hamlet
Tracing the Motif of Disease and Corruption in Hamlet
Exploring the Theme of Betrayal in Hamlet
Examining the Recurring Motif of Incest in Hamlet
Analyzing the Theme of Appearance vs. Reality in Hamlet
Decoding the Motif of Hesitation and Delay in Hamlet
Fate and Destiny in Hamlet: A Thematic Exploration
Understanding the Theme of Action vs. Inaction in Hamlet
Exploring the Motif of Theatricality in Hamlet
Analyzing the Theme of Love and Relationships in Hamlet
Tracing the Motif of Suicide in Hamlet
Hamlet’s Fear of the Afterlife: A Thematic Study
Unraveling the Theme of Honor and Reputation in Hamlet
Identifying the Motif of Ears and Hearing in Hamlet
The Theme of Loyalty in Hamlet: A Detailed Analysis
Analyzing the Recurring Motif of Ghosts and the Supernatural in Hamlet
Interpreting the Theme of Deception and Lies in Hamlet
Decoding the Motif of Metaphysical Uncertainty in Hamlet

Hamlet Essay Topics on Character Analysis

Character Study: Hamlet as an Anti-Hero
Exploring the Contradictions in Hamlet’s Character
Analysis of Ophelia: Victim or Manipulator?
Claudius: A Villain or a Tragic Figure?
Understanding Gertrude: A Complex Character Study
Fortinbras: A Contrast to Hamlet
Polonius: Folly or Wisdom?
Laertes: Revenge, Honor, and Contrast to Hamlet
Horatio: Friendship and Loyalty Personified
The Ghost of King Hamlet: More than an Apparition?
Interpreting the Character of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
Gravediggers in Hamlet: Humor amid Tragedy
Marcellus and Bernardo: Gatekeepers of the Supernatural
Ophelia’s Madness: A Character Analysis
Hamlet’s Foils: A Study of Laertes and Fortinbras
Exploring the Character of Reynaldo in Hamlet
Decoding the Character of Francisco in Hamlet
Interpreting the Character of Voltemand in Hamlet
Understanding the Character of Cornelius in Hamlet

Shakespearean Language and Style for Hamlet Essay Topics

Metaphysical Imagery in Hamlet: An Analysis
Exploring the Use of Soliloquies in Hamlet
Decoding the Symbolism in Hamlet’s Monologues
Shakespearean Puns in Hamlet: A Study of Linguistic Humor
Figurative Language in Hamlet: An In-Depth Analysis
Interpreting the Blank Verse and Prose in Hamlet
Rhyme and Rhythm in Hamlet: A Study of Shakespeare’s Poetic Style
Hamlet’s Language: An Indicator of His Madness?
The Role of Foreshadowing in Hamlet
Wordplay in Hamlet: A Comprehensive Study
Analyzing the Use of Irony in Hamlet
Tracing the Recurring Motifs in Hamlet Through Language
Analyzing the Use of Alliteration in Hamlet
Exploring the Use of Paradox in Hamlet
Deciphering the Cryptic Language of the Ghost in Hamlet
The Use of Similes and Metaphors in Hamlet
Understanding the Role of Iambic Pentameter in Hamlet
Analyzing the Language Patterns of Ophelia in Hamlet
Exploring the Use of Pathos in Hamlet
Interpreting the Imagery of Death and Decay in Hamlet

Hamlet Essay Topics on Literary Devices

Exploring Foreshadowing in Hamlet: A Comprehensive Analysis
Analyzing Irony in Hamlet: Dramatic, Situational, and Verbal
Understanding the Significance of Soliloquies in Hamlet
Tracing the Use of Metaphors and Similes in Hamlet
Decoding the Role of Allusion in Hamlet
Dramatic Structure in Hamlet: Freytag’s Pyramid Applied
Analyzing the Use of Hyperbole in Hamlet
Interpreting the Use of Symbolism in Hamlet
Understanding the Significance of Metadrama in Hamlet
Analyzing the Use of Antithesis in Hamlet
Exploring the Role of Foils in Hamlet
Decoding the Use of Puns and Wordplay in Hamlet
Understanding the Significance of Anaphora in Hamlet
Interpreting the Use of Synecdoche in Hamlet
Understanding the Role of Juxtaposition in Hamlet
Hamlet’s Language: A Study in Oxymoron and Paradox
The Use of Euphemism in Hamlet: An Analysis
Exploring the Use of Dramatic Monologue in Hamlet
Analyzing the Significance of Alliteration in Hamlet

Hamlet Topics on Historical and Cultural Contexts

Contextualizing Hamlet: Understanding Elizabethan Tragedy
Hamlet and the Historical Context of the Protestant Reformation
Exploring the Influence of Renaissance Humanism in Hamlet
Interpreting Hamlet in the Light of Jacobean Political Intrigue
Hamlet in Context: The Question of Regicide in Elizabethan England
Understanding the Influence of Greek Tragedy on Hamlet
Shakespeare’s Hamlet: An Examination of Renaissance Machiavellian Politics
The Influence of Medieval Danish History on Hamlet
Hamlet and the Influence of Elizabethan Views on Madness
Understanding the Socio-Cultural Context of Ghosts in Hamlet
Hamlet: A Critique of Courtly Politics in the Elizabethan Era?
Analyzing the Influence of Elizabethan Gender Norms in Hamlet
Understanding the Elizabethan Concept of Honor in Hamlet
Interpreting Hamlet in the Context of Early Modern Attitudes Toward Death
Hamlet and the Influence of Renaissance Philosophy
Decoding the Influence of Elizabethan Revenge Tragedy Conventions in Hamlet
Understanding the Historical Perception of Madness in the Context of Hamlet
Interpreting the Cultural Symbolism of the Skull in Hamlet
The Influence of Classical Tragedy on the Structure of Hamlet
Hamlet and the Question of Loyalty in Elizabethan Society

Themes of Tragedy and Revenge for Hamlet Essay Topics

Hamlet: Tragedy or Revenge Play?
Understanding the Concept of Revenge in Hamlet
Unraveling the Tragic Hero in Hamlet
Interpreting the Cycle of Revenge in Hamlet
Analyzing Hamlet as a Tragic Figure
Exploring the Destructive Nature of Revenge in Hamlet
The Tragedy of Action vs. Inaction in Hamlet
Decoding the Link Between Madness and Revenge in Hamlet
Understanding the Tragic Flaw in Hamlet
Revenge and Its Consequences in Hamlet
Tragic Consequences of Deception in Hamlet
Analyzing the Role of Revenge in Driving the Plot of Hamlet
Exploring the Impact of Revenge on the Characters of Hamlet
Understanding the Transformation of Revenge Into Tragedy in Hamlet
Analyzing the Role of Supernatural in Inciting Revenge in Hamlet
Exploring the Intersection of Revenge and Madness in Hamlet
Understanding the Dichotomy of Revenge and Justice in Hamlet
Hamlet’s Procrastination: The Tragic Delay in Revenge
Tragic Elements in the Subplot of Hamlet

Hamlet Topics on Feminist Criticism and Gender Roles

Hamlet: A Feminist Critique
Exploring the Feminine in Hamlet: Character Analysis of Ophelia
Understanding Gertrude: A Feminist Perspective
Hamlet and the Patriarchal Society: A Feminist Reading
Interpreting Hamlet Through the Lens of Gender Performativity
Analyzing the Role of Female Agency in Hamlet
Feminist Criticism of Female Objectification in Hamlet
Unraveling the Feminine Mystique in Hamlet
Understanding the Subjugation of Women in Hamlet
Decoding the Binary Oppositions of Gender in Hamlet
Unraveling the Silence of Women in Hamlet
Hamlet: A Study in Gender and Power Relations
Analyzing the Influence of the Male Gaze in Hamlet
Understanding the Construction of Femininity in Hamlet
Exploring the Stereotypes of Madness and Female Weakness in Hamlet
Unraveling the Madonna-Whore Dichotomy in Hamlet
Gender and Mortality in Hamlet: A Feminist Study
The Role of Women in Hamlet: Victims or Villains?
A Feminist Reading of the Tragic Women in Hamlet
Analyzing the Role of Virginity and Purity in the Characterization of Ophelia

Hamlet Topics on Mental Health and Illness

Hamlet and the Spectrum of Madness: A Comprehensive Analysis
Interpreting Ophelia’s Madness in the Context of Elizabethan Society
Hamlet’s Melancholia: An Analysis Through Freudian Lens
Exploring the Representation of Mental Illness in Hamlet
Depiction of Grief and Loss in Hamlet: A Psychological Perspective
Hamlet: Tragic Hero or a Victim of Mental Illness?
Understanding the Representation of Psychosis in Hamlet
Interpreting the Mental Breakdown of Ophelia: A Psychological Study
Hamlet’s Soliloquies: Insight Into His Mental State
Exploring the Impact of Hamlet’s Faked Insanity on His Mental Health
Analyzing the Theme of Madness and Mental Instability in Hamlet
Hamlet: A Study of Paranoid Personality Disorder
Interpreting the Theme of Despair in Hamlet
Understanding the Depiction of Depression in Hamlet
Madness Real and Feigned: A Study of Hamlet
Hamlet: A Case Study in the Stigmatization of Mental Illness
Ophelia’s Descent Into Madness: A Psychological Analysis
Understanding the Tragic Consequences of Ignoring Mental Health in Hamlet

Hamlet Topics on the Role of Ghosts

Hamlet’s Ghost: Messenger or Manipulator?
Interpreting the Significance of Ghosts in Hamlet
Ghostly Apparitions and Their Function in Hamlet
Hamlet and the Supernatural: Analyzing the Ghost’s Influence
Deciphering the Ghost in Hamlet: A Study of Supernatural Elements
Understanding the Ethereal: The Ghost’s Existence in Hamlet
Exploring the Intersection of Supernatural and Reality in Hamlet
Hamlet: A Study in Spectral Ambiguity
Interrogating the Ghost’s Veracity in Hamlet
Hamlet’s Ghost: Symbol of Revenge or Remorse?
The Ghost in Hamlet: An Embodiment of Fear and Guilt?
Deconstructing the Role of Ghosts in Shaping Hamlet’s Actions
Understanding the Narrative Function of the Ghost in Hamlet
The Ghost as a Catalyst for Tragedy in Hamlet
Purgatorial Representations: The Ghost in Hamlet
How the Ghost Alters the Course of Events in Hamlet
Ghosts and Revenge: Unraveling the Connection in Hamlet
Investigating the Existential Dread Created by the Ghost in Hamlet
The Ghost as a Symbol of Unresolved Issues in Hamlet
Influence of the Ghost on Hamlet’s Perception of Death

Symbolism of Objects and Settings for Hamlet Essay Topics

Significance of Yorick’s Skull in Hamlet: A Symbolic Analysis
Interpreting the Symbolism of the Ghost in Hamlet
Understanding the Role of Denmark’s Court as a Symbol in Hamlet
Exploring the Symbolism of the Poisoned Sword in Hamlet
Hamlet’s Soliloquy: Symbolic Representation of His Inner Turmoil
The Garden Imagery in Hamlet: Symbolizing Corruption and Decay
Reading the Symbolism in Ophelia’s Flowers in Hamlet
Decoding the Symbolism of Death and Mortality in Hamlet
Understanding the Role of Theater in Hamlet: A Symbolic Study
The Symbolism of Madness in Hamlet: A Thorough Examination
The Metaphor of the Unweeded Garden in Hamlet: A Symbolic Analysis
Significance of the Ghostly Apparitions in the Setting of Hamlet
The Symbolism of the Sea and Voyages in Hamlet: A Detailed Study
Elucidating the Role of the Graveyard Scene in Hamlet
Symbolism in Hamlet’s Clothing: A Comprehensive Analysis
Decoding the Symbolism in the Monarchic Power Struggle in Hamlet
Interpreting the Symbolic Use of Ophelia’s Death in Hamlet
The Symbolism of Revenge in Hamlet: An Analytical Study
Decoding the Symbolic Representation of Power and Betrayal in Hamlet
The Symbolic Function of the Play-Within-a-Play in Hamlet

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Jeffrey R. Wilson

Essays on hamlet.

Written as the author taught Hamlet every semester for a decade, these lightning essays ask big conceptual questions about the play with the urgency of a Shakespeare lover, and answer them with the rigor of a Shakespeare scholar. In doing so, Hamlet becomes a lens for life today, generating insights on everything from xenophobia, American fraternities, and religious fundamentalism to structural misogyny, suicide contagion, and toxic love.

Prioritizing close reading over historical context, these explorations are highly textual and highly theoretical, often philosophical, ethical, social, and political. Readers see King Hamlet as a pre-modern villain, King Claudius as a modern villain, and Prince Hamlet as a post-modern villain. Hamlet’s feigned madness becomes a window into failed insanity defenses in legal trials. He knows he’s being watched in “To be or not to be”: the soliloquy is a satire of philosophy. Horatio emerges as Shakespeare’s authorial avatar for meta-theatrical commentary, Fortinbras as the hero of the play. Fate becomes a viable concept for modern life, and honor a source of tragedy. The metaphor of music in the play makes Ophelia Hamlet’s instrument. Shakespeare, like the modern corporation, stands against sexism, yet perpetuates it unknowingly. We hear his thoughts on single parenting, sending children off to college, and the working class, plus his advice on acting and writing, and his claims to be the next Homer or Virgil. In the context of four centuries of Hamlet hate, we hear how the text draws audiences in, how it became so famous, and why it continues to captivate audiences.

At a time when the humanities are said to be in crisis, these essays are concrete examples of the mind-altering power of literature and literary studies, unravelling the ongoing implications of the English language’s most significant artistic object of the past millennium.

Publications



is a Suicide Text—It’s Time to Teach it Like One	?	: Divine Providence and Social Determinism

Why is Hamlet the most famous English artwork of the past millennium? Is it a sexist text? Why does Hamlet speak in prose? Why must he die? Does Hamlet depict revenge, or justice? How did the death of Shakespeare’s son, Hamnet, transform into a story about a son dealing with the death of a father? Did Shakespeare know Aristotle’s theory of tragedy? How did our literary icon, Shakespeare, see his literary icons, Homer and Virgil? Why is there so much comedy in Shakespeare’s greatest tragedy? Why is love a force of evil in the play? Did Shakespeare believe there’s a divinity that shapes our ends? How did he define virtue? What did he think about psychology? politics? philosophy? What was Shakespeare’s image of himself as an author? What can he, arguably the greatest writer of all time, teach us about our own writing? What was his theory of literature? Why do people like Hamlet ? How do the Hamlet haters of today compare to those of yesteryears? Is it dangerous for our children to read a play that’s all about suicide?

These are some of the questions asked in this book, a collection of essays on Shakespeare’s Hamlet stemming from my time teaching the play every semester in my Why Shakespeare? course at Harvard University. During this time, I saw a series of bright young minds from wildly diverse backgrounds find their footing in Hamlet, and it taught me a lot about how Shakespeare’s tragedy works, and why it remains with us in the modern world. Beyond ghosts, revenge, and tragedy, Hamlet is a play about being in college, being in love, gender, misogyny, friendship, theater, philosophy, theology, injustice, loss, comedy, depression, death, self-doubt, mental illness, white privilege, overbearing parents, existential angst, international politics, the classics, the afterlife, and the meaning of it all.

These essays grow from the central paradox of the play: it helps us understand the world we live in, yet we don't really understand the text itself very well. For all the attention given to Hamlet , there’s no consensus on the big questions—how it works, why it grips people so fiercely, what it’s about. These essays pose first-order questions about what happens in Hamlet and why, mobilizing answers for reflections on life, making the essays both highly textual and highly theoretical.

Each semester that I taught the play, I would write a new essay about Hamlet . They were meant to be models for students, the sort of essay that undergrads read and write – more rigorous than the puff pieces in the popular press, but riskier than the scholarship in most academic journals. While I later added scholarly outerwear, these pieces all began just like the essays I was assigning to students – as short close readings with a reader and a text and a desire to determine meaning when faced with a puzzling question or problem.

The turn from text to context in recent scholarly books about Hamlet is quizzical since we still don’t have a strong sense of, to quote the title of John Dover Wilson’s 1935 book, What Happens in Hamlet. Is the ghost real? Is Hamlet mad, or just faking? Why does he delay? These are the kinds of questions students love to ask, but they haven’t been – can’t be – answered by reading the play in the context of its sources (recently addressed in Laurie Johnson’s The Tain of Hamlet [2013]), its multiple texts (analyzed by Paul Menzer in The Hamlets [2008] and Zachary Lesser in Hamlet after Q1 [2015]), the Protestant reformation (the focus of Stephen Greenblatt’s Hamlet in Purgatory [2001] and John E. Curran, Jr.’s Hamlet, Protestantism, and the Mourning of Contingency [2006]), Renaissance humanism (see Rhodri Lewis, Hamlet and the Vision of Darkness [2017]), Elizabethan political theory (see Margreta de Grazia, Hamlet without Hamlet [2007]), the play’s reception history (see David Bevington, Murder Most Foul: Hamlet through the Ages [2011]), its appropriation by modern philosophers (covered in Simon Critchley and Jamieson Webster’s The Hamlet Doctrine [2013] and Andrew Cutrofello’s All for Nothing: Hamlet’s Negativity [2014]), or its recent global travels (addressed, for example, in Margaret Latvian’s Hamlet’s Arab Journey [2011] and Dominic Dromgoole’s Hamlet Globe to Globe [2017]).

Considering the context and afterlives of Hamlet is a worthy pursuit. I certainly consulted the above books for my essays, yet the confidence that comes from introducing context obscures the sharp panic we feel when confronting Shakespeare’s text itself. Even as the excellent recent book from Sonya Freeman Loftis, Allison Kellar, and Lisa Ulevich announces Hamlet has entered “an age of textual exhaustion,” there’s an odd tendency to avoid the text of Hamlet —to grasp for something more firm—when writing about it. There is a need to return to the text in a more immediate way to understand how Hamlet operates as a literary work, and how it can help us understand the world in which we live.

That latter goal, yes, clings nostalgically to the notion that literature can help us understand life. Questions about life send us to literature in search of answers. Those of us who love literature learn to ask and answer questions about it as we become professional literary scholars. But often our answers to the questions scholars ask of literature do not connect back up with the questions about life that sent us to literature in the first place—which are often philosophical, ethical, social, and political. Those first-order questions are diluted and avoided in the minutia of much scholarship, left unanswered. Thus, my goal was to pose questions about Hamlet with the urgency of a Shakespeare lover and to answer them with the rigor of a Shakespeare scholar.

In doing so, these essays challenge the conventional relationship between literature and theory. They pursue a kind of criticism where literature is not merely the recipient of philosophical ideas in the service of exegesis. Instead, the creative risks of literature provide exemplars to be theorized outward to help us understand on-going issues in life today. Beyond an occasion for the demonstration of existing theory, literature is a source for the creation of new theory.

Chapter One How Hamlet Works

Whether you love or hate Hamlet , you can acknowledge its massive popularity. So how does Hamlet work? How does it create audience enjoyment? Why is it so appealing, and to whom? Of all the available options, why Hamlet ? This chapter entertains three possible explanations for why the play is so popular in the modern world: the literary answer (as the English language’s best artwork about death—one of the very few universal human experiences in a modern world increasingly marked by cultural differences— Hamlet is timeless); the theatrical answer (with its mixture of tragedy and comedy, the role of Hamlet requires the best actor of each age, and the play’s popularity derives from the celebrity of its stars); and the philosophical answer (the play invites, encourages, facilitates, and sustains philosophical introspection and conversation from people who do not usually do such things, who find themselves doing those things with Hamlet , who sometimes feel embarrassed about doing those things, but who ultimately find the experience of having done them rewarding).

Chapter Two “It Started Like a Guilty Thing”: The Beginning of Hamlet and the Beginning of Modern Politics

King Hamlet is a tyrant and King Claudius a traitor but, because Shakespeare asked us to experience the events in Hamlet from the perspective of the young Prince Hamlet, we are much more inclined to detect and detest King Claudius’s political failings than King Hamlet’s. If so, then Shakespeare’s play Hamlet , so often seen as the birth of modern psychology, might also tell us a little bit about the beginnings of modern politics as well.

Chapter Three Horatio as Author: Storytelling and Stoic Tragedy

This chapter addresses Horatio’s emotionlessness in light of his role as a narrator, using this discussion to think about Shakespeare’s motives for writing tragedy in the wake of his son’s death. By rationalizing pain and suffering as tragedy, both Horatio and Shakespeare were able to avoid the self-destruction entailed in Hamlet’s emotional response to life’s hardships and injustices. Thus, the stoic Horatio, rather than the passionate Hamlet who repeatedly interrupts ‘The Mousetrap’, is the best authorial avatar for a Shakespeare who strategically wrote himself and his own voice out of his works. This argument then expands into a theory of ‘authorial catharsis’ and the suggestion that we can conceive of Shakespeare as a ‘poet of reason’ in contrast to a ‘poet of emotion’.

Chapter Four “To thine own self be true”: What Shakespeare Says about Sending Our Children Off to College

What does “To thine own self be true” actually mean? Be yourself? Don’t change who you are? Follow your own convictions? Don’t lie to yourself? This chapter argues that, if we understand meaning as intent, then “To thine own self be true” means, paradoxically, that “the self” does not exist. Or, more accurately, Shakespeare’s Hamlet implies that “the self” exists only as a rhetorical, philosophical, and psychological construct that we use to make sense of our experiences and actions in the world, not as anything real. If this is so, then this passage may offer us a way of thinking about Shakespeare as not just a playwright but also a moral philosopher, one who did his ethics in drama.

Chapter Five In Defense of Polonius

Your wife dies. You raise two children by yourself. You build a great career to provide for your family. You send your son off to college in another country, though you know he’s not ready. Now the prince wants to marry your daughter—that’s not easy to navigate. Then—get this—while you’re trying to save the queen’s life, the prince murders you. Your death destroys your kids. They die tragically. And what do you get for your efforts? Centuries of Shakespeare scholars dumping on you. If we see Polonius not through the eyes of his enemy, Prince Hamlet—the point of view Shakespeare’s play asks audiences to adopt—but in analogy to the common challenges of twenty-first-century parenting, Polonius is a single father struggling with work-life balance who sadly choses his career over his daughter’s well-being.

Chapter Six Sigma Alpha Elsinore: The Culture of Drunkenness in Shakespeare’s Hamlet

Claudius likes to party—a bit too much. He frequently binge drinks, is arguably an alcoholic, but not an aberration. Hamlet says Denmark is internationally known for heavy drinking. That’s what Shakespeare would have heard in the sixteenth century. By the seventeenth, English writers feared Denmark had taught their nation its drinking habits. Synthesizing criticism on alcoholism as an individual problem in Shakespeare’s texts and times with scholarship on national drinking habits in the early-modern age, this essay asks what the tragedy of alcoholism looks like when located not on the level of the individual, but on the level of a culture, as Shakespeare depicted in Hamlet. One window into these early-modern cultures of drunkenness is sociological studies of American college fraternities, especially the social-learning theories that explain how one person—one culture—teaches another its habits. For Claudius’s alcoholism is both culturally learned and culturally significant. And, as in fraternities, alcoholism in Hamlet is bound up with wealth, privilege, toxic masculinity, and tragedy. Thus, alcohol imagistically reappears in the vial of “cursed hebona,” Ophelia’s liquid death, and the poisoned cup in the final scene—moments that stand out in recent performances and adaptations with alcoholic Claudiuses and Gertrudes.

Chapter Seven Tragic Foundationalism

This chapter puts the modern philosopher Alain Badiou’s theory of foundationalism into dialogue with the early-modern playwright William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet . Doing so allows us to identify a new candidate for Hamlet’s traditionally hard-to-define hamartia – i.e., his “tragic mistake” – but it also allows us to consider the possibility of foundationalism as hamartia. Tragic foundationalism is the notion that fidelity to a single and substantive truth at the expense of an openness to evidence, reason, and change is an acute mistake which can lead to miscalculations of fact and virtue that create conflict and can end up in catastrophic destruction and the downfall of otherwise strong and noble people.

Chapter Eight “As a stranger give it welcome”: Shakespeare’s Advice for First-Year College Students

Encountering a new idea can be like meeting a strange person for the first time. Similarly, we dismiss new ideas before we get to know them. There is an answer to the problem of the human antipathy to strangeness in a somewhat strange place: a single line usually overlooked in William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet . If the ghost is “wondrous strange,” Hamlet says, invoking the ancient ethics of hospitality, “Therefore as a stranger give it welcome.” In this word, strange, and the social conventions attached to it, is both the instinctual, animalistic fear and aggression toward what is new and different (the problem) and a cultivated, humane response in hospitality and curiosity (the solution). Intellectual xenia is the answer to intellectual xenophobia.

Chapter Nine Parallels in Hamlet

Hamlet is more parallely than other texts. Fortinbras, Hamlet, and Laertes have their fathers murdered, then seek revenge. Brothers King Hamlet and King Claudius mirror brothers Old Norway and Old Fortinbras. Hamlet and Ophelia both lose their fathers, go mad, but there’s a method in their madness, and become suicidal. King Hamlet and Polonius are both domineering fathers. Hamlet and Polonius are both scholars, actors, verbose, pedantic, detectives using indirection, spying upon others, “by indirections find directions out." King Hamlet and King Claudius are both kings who are killed. Claudius using Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet mirrors Polonius using Reynaldo to spy on Laertes. Reynaldo and Hamlet both pretend to be something other than what they are in order to spy on and detect foes. Young Fortinbras and Prince Hamlet both have their forward momentum “arrest[ed].” Pyrrhus and Hamlet are son seeking revenge but paused a “neutral to his will.” The main plot of Hamlet reappears in the play-within-the-play. The Act I duel between King Hamlet and Old Fortinbras echoes in the Act V duel between Hamlet and Laertes. Claudius and Hamlet are both king killers. Sheesh—why are there so many dang parallels in Hamlet ? Is there some detectable reason why the story of Hamlet would call for the literary device of parallelism?

Chapter Ten Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: Why Hamlet Has Two Childhood Friends, Not Just One

Why have two of Hamlet’s childhood friends rather than just one? Do Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have individuated personalities? First of all, by increasing the number of friends who visit Hamlet, Shakespeare creates an atmosphere of being outnumbered, of multiple enemies encroaching upon Hamlet, of Hamlet feeling that the world is against him. Second, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are not interchangeable, as commonly thought. Shakespeare gave each an individuated personality. Guildenstern is friendlier with Hamlet, and their friendship collapses, while Rosencrantz is more distant and devious—a frenemy.

Chapter Eleven Shakespeare on the Classics, Shakespeare as a Classic: A Reading of Aeneas’s Tale to Dido

Of all the stories Shakespeare might have chosen, why have Hamlet ask the players to recite Aeneas’ tale to Dido of Pyrrhus’s slaughter of Priam? In this story, which comes not from Homer’s Iliad but from Virgil’s Aeneid and had already been adapted for the Elizabethan stage in Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragedy of Dido, Pyrrhus – more commonly known as Neoptolemus, the son of the famous Greek warrior Achilles – savagely slays Priam, the king of the Trojans and the father of Paris, who killed Pyrrhus’s father, Achilles, who killed Paris’s brother, Hector, who killed Achilles’s comrade, Patroclus. Clearly, the theme of revenge at work in this story would have appealed to Shakespeare as he was writing what would become the greatest revenge tragedy of all time. Moreover, Aeneas’s tale to Dido supplied Shakespeare with all of the connections he sought to make at this crucial point in his play and his career – connections between himself and Marlowe, between the start of Hamlet and the end, between Prince Hamlet and King Claudius, between epic poetry and tragic drama, and between the classical literature Shakespeare was still reading hundreds of years later and his own potential as a classic who might (and would) be read hundreds of years into the future.

Chapter Twelve How Theater Works, according to Hamlet

According to Hamlet, people who are guilty of a crime will, when seeing that crime represented on stage, “proclaim [their] malefactions”—but that simply isn’t how theater works. Guilty people sit though shows that depict their crimes all the time without being prompted to public confession. Why did Shakespeare—a remarkably observant student of theater—write this demonstrably false theory of drama into his protagonist? And why did Shakespeare then write the plot of the play to affirm that obviously inaccurate vision of theater? For Claudius is indeed stirred to confession by the play-within-the-play. Perhaps Hamlet’s theory of people proclaiming malefactions upon seeing their crimes represented onstage is not as outlandish as it first appears. Perhaps four centuries of obsession with Hamlet is the English-speaking world proclaiming its malefactions upon seeing them represented dramatically.

Chapter Thirteen “To be, or not to be”: Shakespeare Against Philosophy

This chapter hazards a new reading of the most famous passage in Western literature: “To be, or not to be” from William Shakespeare’s Hamlet . With this line, Hamlet poses his personal struggle, a question of life and death, as a metaphysical problem, as a question of existence and nothingness. However, “To be, or not to be” is not what it seems to be. It seems to be a representation of tragic angst, yet a consideration of the context of the speech reveals that “To be, or not to be” is actually a satire of philosophy and Shakespeare’s representation of the theatricality of everyday life. In this chapter, a close reading of the context and meaning of this passage leads into an attempt to formulate a Shakespearean image of philosophy.

Chapter Fourteen Contagious Suicide in and Around Hamlet

As in society today, suicide is contagious in Hamlet , at least in the example of Ophelia, the only death by suicide in the play, because she only becomes suicidal after hearing Hamlet talk about his own suicidal thoughts in “To be, or not to be.” Just as there are media guidelines for reporting on suicide, there are better and worse ways of handling Hamlet . Careful suicide coverage can change public misperceptions and reduce suicide contagion. Is the same true for careful literary criticism and classroom discussion of suicide texts? How can teachers and literary critics reduce suicide contagion and increase help-seeking behavior?

Chapter Fifteen Is Hamlet a Sexist Text? Overt Misogyny vs. Unconscious Bias

Students and fans of Shakespeare’s Hamlet persistently ask a question scholars and critics of the play have not yet definitively answered: is it a sexist text? The author of this text has been described as everything from a male chauvinist pig to a trailblazing proto-feminist, but recent work on the science behind discrimination and prejudice offers a new, better vocabulary in the notion of unconscious bias. More pervasive and slippery than explicit bigotry, unconscious bias involves the subtle, often unintentional words and actions which indicate the presence of biases we may not be aware of, ones we may even fight against. The Shakespeare who wrote Hamlet exhibited an unconscious bias against women, I argue, even as he sought to critique the mistreatment of women in a patriarchal society. The evidence for this unconscious bias is not to be found in the misogynistic statements made by the characters in the play. It exists, instead, in the demonstrable preference Shakespeare showed for men over women when deciding where to deploy his literary talents. Thus, Shakespeare's Hamlet is a powerful literary example – one which speaks to, say, the modern corporation – showing that deliberate efforts for egalitarianism do not insulate one from the effects of structural inequalities that both stem from and create unconscious bias.

Chapter Sixteen Style and Purpose in Acting and Writing

Purpose and style are connected in academic writing. To answer the question of style ( How should we write academic papers? ) we must first answer the question of purpose ( Why do we write academic papers? ). We can answer these questions, I suggest, by turning to an unexpected style guide that’s more than 400 years old: the famous passage on “the purpose of playing” in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet . In both acting and writing, a high style often accompanies an expressive purpose attempting to impress an elite audience yet actually alienating intellectual people, while a low style and mimetic purpose effectively engage an intellectual audience.

Chapter Seventeen 13 Ways of Looking at a Ghost

Why doesn’t Gertrude see the Ghost of King Hamlet in Act III, even though Horatio, Bernardo, Francisco, Marcellus, and Prince Hamlet all saw it in Act I? It’s a bit embarrassing that Shakespeare scholars don’t have a widely agreed-upon consensus that explains this really basic question that puzzles a lot of people who read or see Hamlet .

Chapter Eighteen The Tragedy of Love in Hamlet

The word “love” appears 84 times in Shakespeare’s Hamlet . “Father” only appears 73 times, “play” 60, “think” 55, “mother” 46, “mad” 44, “soul” 40, “God" 39, “death” 38, “life” 34, “nothing” 28, “son” 26, “honor” 21, “spirit” 19, “kill” 18, “revenge” 14, and “action” 12. Love isn’t the first theme that comes to mind when we think of Hamlet , but is surprisingly prominent. But love is tragic in Hamlet . The bloody catastrophe at the end of that play is principally driven not by hatred or a longing for revenge, but by love.

Chapter Nineteen Ophelia’s Songs: Moral Agency, Manipulation, and the Metaphor of Music in Hamlet

This chapter reads Ophelia’s songs in Act IV of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in the context of the meaning of music established elsewhere in the play. While the songs are usually seen as a marker of Ophelia’s madness (as a result of the death of her father) or freedom (from the constraints of patriarchy), they come – when read in light of the metaphor of music as manipulation – to symbolize her role as a pawn in Hamlet’s efforts to deceive his family. Thus, music was Shakespeare’s platform for connecting Ophelia’s story to one of the central questions in Hamlet : Do we have control over our own actions (like the musician), or are we controlled by others (like the instrument)?

Chapter Twenty A Quantitative Study of Prose and Verse in Hamlet

Why does Hamlet have so much prose? Did Shakespeare deliberately shift from verse to prose to signal something to his audiences? How would actors have handled the shifts from verse to prose? Would audiences have detected shifts from verse to prose? Is there an overarching principle that governs Shakespeare’s decision to use prose—a coherent principle that says, “If X, then use prose?”

Chapter Twenty-One The Fortunes of Fate in Hamlet : Divine Providence and Social Determinism

In Hamlet , fate is attacked from both sides: “fortune” presents a world of random happenstance, “will” a theory of efficacious human action. On this backdrop, this essay considers—irrespective of what the characters say and believe—what the structure and imagery Shakespeare wrote into Hamlet say about the possibility that some version of fate is at work in the play. I contend the world of Hamlet is governed by neither fate nor fortune, nor even the Christianized version of fate called “providence.” Yet there is a modern, secular, disenchanted form of fate at work in Hamlet—what is sometimes called “social determinism”—which calls into question the freedom of the individual will. As such, Shakespeare’s Hamlet both commented on the transformation of pagan fate into Christian providence that happened in the centuries leading up to the play, and anticipated the further transformation of fate from a theological to a sociological idea, which occurred in the centuries following Hamlet .

Chapter Twenty-Two The Working Class in Hamlet

There’s a lot for working-class folks to hate about Hamlet —not just because it’s old, dusty, difficult to understand, crammed down our throats in school, and filled with frills, tights, and those weird lace neck thingies that are just socially awkward to think about. Peak Renaissance weirdness. Claustrophobicly cloistered inside the castle of Elsinore, quaintly angsty over royal family problems, Hamlet feels like the literary epitome of elitism. “Lawless resolutes” is how the Wittenberg scholar Horatio describes the soldiers who join Fortinbras’s army in exchange “for food.” The Prince Hamlet who has never worked a day in his life denigrates Polonius as a “fishmonger”: quite the insult for a royal advisor to be called a working man. And King Claudius complains of the simplicity of "the distracted multitude.” But, in Hamlet , Shakespeare juxtaposed the nobles’ denigrations of the working class as readily available metaphors for all-things-awful with the rather valuable behavior of working-class characters themselves. When allowed to represent themselves, the working class in Hamlet are characterized as makers of things—of material goods and services like ships, graves, and plays, but also of ethical and political virtues like security, education, justice, and democracy. Meanwhile, Elsinore has a bad case of affluenza, the make-believe disease invented by an American lawyer who argued that his client's social privilege was so great that it created an obliviousness to law. While social elites rot society through the twin corrosives of political corruption and scholarly detachment, the working class keeps the machine running. They build the ships, plays, and graves society needs to function, and monitor the nuts-and-bolts of the ideals—like education and justice—that we aspire to uphold.

Chapter Twenty-Three The Honor Code at Harvard and in Hamlet

Students at Harvard College are asked, when they first join the school and several times during their years there, to affirm their awareness of and commitment to the school’s honor code. But instead of “the foundation of our community” that it is at Harvard, honor is tragic in Hamlet —a source of anxiety, blunder, and catastrophe. As this chapter shows, looking at Hamlet from our place at Harvard can bring us to see what a tangled knot honor can be, and we can start to theorize the difference between heroic and tragic honor.

Chapter Twenty-Four The Meaning of Death in Shakespeare’s Hamlet

By connecting the ways characters live their lives in Hamlet to the ways they die – on-stage or off, poisoned or stabbed, etc. – Shakespeare symbolized hamartia in catastrophe. In advancing this argument, this chapter develops two supporting ideas. First, the dissemination of tragic necessity: Shakespeare distributed the Aristotelian notion of tragic necessity – a causal relationship between a character’s hamartia (fault or error) and the catastrophe at the end of the play – from the protagonist to the other characters, such that, in Hamlet , those who are guilty must die, and those who die are guilty. Second, the spectacularity of death: there exists in Hamlet a positive correlation between the severity of a character’s hamartia (error or flaw) and the “spectacularity” of his or her death – that is, the extent to which it is presented as a visible and visceral spectacle on-stage.

Chapter Twenty-Five Tragic Excess in Hamlet

In Hamlet , Shakespeare paralleled the situations of Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras (the father of each is killed, and each then seeks revenge) to promote the virtue of moderation: Hamlet moves too slowly, Laertes too swiftly – and they both die at the end of the play – but Fortinbras represents a golden mean which marries the slowness of Hamlet with the swiftness of Laertes. As argued in this essay, Shakespeare endorsed the virtue of balance by allowing Fortinbras to be one of the very few survivors of the play. In other words, excess is tragic in Hamlet .

Bibliography

Anand, Manpreet Kaur. An Overview of Hamlet Studies . Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2019.

Anglin, Emily. “‘Something in me dangerous’: Hamlet, Melancholy, and the Early Modern Scholar.” Shakespeare 13.1 (2017): 15-29.

Baker, Christopher. “Hamlet and the Kairos.” Ben Jonson Journal 26.1 (2019): 62-77.

Baker, Naomi. “‘Sore Distraction’: Hamlet, Augustine and Time.” Literature and Theology 32.4 (2018): 381-96.

Belsey, Catherine. “The Question of Hamlet.” The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Tragedy, ed. Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016:

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Bevington, David. Murder Most Foul: Hamlet through the Ages . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet . New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.

Booth, Stephen. “On the Value of Hamlet.” Reinterpretations of Elizabethan Drama. Ed. By Norman Rabkin. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969. 137-76.

Bowers, Fredson. Hamlet as Minister and Scourge and Other Studies in Shakespeare and Milton. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1989.

Brancher, Dominique. “Universals in the Bush: The Case of Hamlet.” Shakespeare and Space: Theatrical Explorations of the Spatial Paradigm , ed. Ina Habermann and Michelle Witen (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016): 143-62.

Bourus, Terri. Young Shakespeare’s Young Hamlet: Print, Piracy, and Performance . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

Bourus, Terri. Canonizing Q1 Hamlet . Special issue of Critical Survey 31.1-2 (2019).

Burnett, Mark Thornton. ‘Hamlet' and World Cinema . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Calderwood, James L. To Be and Not to Be: Negation and Metadrama in Hamlet . New York: Columbia, 1983.

Carlson, Marvin. Shattering Hamlet's Mirror: Theatre and Reality . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2016.

Cavell, Stanley. “Hamlet’s Burden of Proof.” Disowning Knowledge in Seven Plays of Shakespeare . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 179–91.

Chamberlain, Richard. “What's Happiness in Hamlet?” The Renaissance of Emotion: Understanding Affect in Shakespeare and his Contemporaries , ed. Richard Meek and Erin Sullivan (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2017): 153-74.

Cormack, Bradin. “Paper Justice, Parchment Justice: Shakespeare, Hamlet, and the Life of Legal Documents.” Taking Exception to the Law: Materializing Injustice in Early Modern English Literature , ed. Donald Beecher, Travis Decook, and Andrew Wallace (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015): 44-70.

Craig, Leon Harold. Philosophy and the Puzzles of Hamlet: A Study of Shakespeare's Method . London: Bloomsbury, 2014.

Critchley, Simon; Webster, Jamieson. Stay, Illusion!: The Hamlet Doctrine . New York: Pantheon Books, 2013.

Curran, John E., Jr. Hamlet, Protestantism, and the Mourning of Contingency: Not to Be . Aldershot and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2006.

Cutrofello, Andrew. All for Nothing: Hamlet's Negativity . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2014.

Dawson, Anthony B. Hamlet: Shakespeare in Performance . Manchester and New York: Manchester UP, 1995.

Desmet, Christy. “Text, Style, and Author in Hamlet Q1.” Journal of Early Modern Studies 5 (2016): 135-156

Dodsworth, Martin. Hamlet Closely Observed . London: Athlone, 1985.

De Grazia, Margreta. Hamlet without Hamlet . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Dromgoole, Dominic. Hamlet: Globe to Globe : 193,000 Miles, 197 Countries, One Play . Edinburgh: Canongate, 2018.

Dunne, Derek. “Decentring the Law in Hamlet .” Law and Humanities 9.1 (2015): 55-77.

Eliot, T. S. “Hamlet and His Problems.” The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism . London: Methuen, 1920. 87–94.

Evans, Robert C., ed. Critical Insights: Hamlet . Amenia: Grey House Publishing, 2019.

Farley-Hills, David, ed. Critical Responses to Hamlet, 1600-1900 . 5 vols. New York: AMS Press, 1996.

Foakes, R.A. Hamlet Versus Lear: Cultural Politics and Shakespeare's Art . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Frank, Arthur W. “‘Who’s There?’: A Vulnerable Reading of Hamlet,” Literaature and Medicine 37.2 (2019): 396-419.

Frye, Roland Mushat. The Renaissance Hamlet: Issues and Responses in 1600 . Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984.

Josipovici, Gabriel. Hamlet: Fold on Fold . New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.

Kastan, David Scott, ed. Critical Essays on Shakespeare’s Hamlet . New York: G. K. Hall, 1995.

Khan, Amir. “My Kingdom for a Ghost: Counterfactual Thinking and Hamlet.” Shakespeare Quarerly 66.1 (2015): 29-46.

Keener, Joe. “Evolving Hamlet: Brains, Behavior, and the Bard.” Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 14.2 (2012): 150-163

Kott, Jan. “Hamlet of the Mid-Century.” Shakespeare, Our Contemporary . Trans. Boleslaw Taborski. Garden City: Doubleday, 1964.

Lake, Peter. Hamlet’s Choice: Religion and Resistance in Shakespeare's Revenge Tragedies . New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020.

Lerer, Seth. “Hamlet’s Boyhood.” Childhood, Education and the Stage in Early Modern England , ed. Richard Preiss and Deanne Williams (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017):17-36.

Levy, Eric P. Hamlet and the Rethinking of Man . Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2008.

Lewis, C.S. “Hamlet: The Prince or the Poem?” (1942). Studies in Shakespeare , ed. Peter Alexander (1964): 201-18.

Loftis, Sonya Freeman; Allison Kellar; and Lisa Ulevich, ed. Shakespeare's Hamlet in an Era of Textual Exhaustion . New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.

Luke, Jillian. “What If the Play Were Called Ophelia ? Gender and Genre in Hamlet .” Cambridge Quarterly 49.1 (2020): 1-18.

Gates, Sarah. “Assembling the Ophelia Fragments: Gender, Genre, and Revenge in Hamlet.” Explorations in Renaissance Culture 34.2 (2008): 229-47.

Gottschalk, Paul. The Meanings of Hamlet: Modes of Literary Interpretation Since Bradley . Albequerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1972.

Greenblatt, Stephen. Hamlet in Purgatory . Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001.

Hunt, Marvin W. Looking for Hamlet . New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2007.

Iyengar, Sujata. "Gertrude/Ophelia: Feminist Intermediality, Ekphrasis, and Tenderness in Hamlet," in Loomba, Rethinking Feminism In Early Modern Studies: Race, Gender, and Sexuality (2016), 165-84.

Iyengar, Sujata; Feracho, Lesley. “Hamlet (RSC, 2016) and Representations of Diasporic Blackness,” Cahiers Élisabéthains 99, no. 1 (2019): 147-60.

Johnson, Laurie. The Tain of Hamlet . Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2013.

Jolly, Margrethe. The First Two Quartos of Hamlet: A New View of the Origins and Relationship of the Texts . Jefferson: McFarland, 2014.

Jones, Ernest. Hamlet and Oedipus . Garden City: Doubleday, 1949.

Keegan, Daniel L. “Indigested in the Scenes: Hamlet's Dramatic Theory and Ours.” PMLA 133.1 (2018): 71-87.

Kinney, Arthur F., ed. Hamlet: Critical Essays . New York: Routledge, 2002.

Kiséry, András. Hamlet's Moment: Drama and Political Knowledge in Early Modern England . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Kottman, Paul A. “Why Think About Shakespearean Tragedy Today?” The Cambridge Companion to Shakespearean Tragedy , ed. Claire McEachern (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013): 240-61.

Langis, Unhae. “Virtue, Justice and Moral Action in Shakespeare’s Hamlet .” Literature and Ethics: From the Green Knight to the Dark Knight , ed. Steve Brie and William T. Rossiter (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2010): 53-74.

Lawrence, Sean. "'As a stranger, bid it welcome': Alterity and Ethics in Hamlet and the New Historicism," European Journal of English Studies 4 (2000): 155-69.

Lesser, Zachary. Hamlet after Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.

Levin, Harry. The Question of Hamlet . New York: Oxford UP, 1959.

Lewis, Rhodri. Hamlet and the Vision of Darkness . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017.

Litvin, Margaret. Hamlet's Arab Journey: Shakespeare's Prince and Nasser's Ghost . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.

Loftis, Sonya Freeman, and Lisa Ulevich. “Obsession/Rationality/Agency: Autistic Shakespeare.” Disability, Health, and Happiness in the Shakespearean Body , edited by Sujata Iyengar. Routledge, 2015, pp. 58-75.

Marino, James J. “Ophelia’s Desire.” ELH 84.4 (2017): 817-39.

Massai, Sonia, and Lucy Munro. Hamlet: The State of Play . London: Bloomsbury, 2021.

McGee, Arthur. The Elizabethan Hamlet . New Haven: Yale UP, 1987.

Megna, Paul, Bríd Phillips, and R.S. White, ed. Hamlet and Emotion . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.

Menzer, Paul. The Hamlets: Cues, Qs, and Remembered Texts . Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2008.

Mercer, Peter. Hamlet and the Acting of Revenge . Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1987.

Oldham, Thomas A. “Unhouseled, Disappointed, Unaneled”: Catholicism, Transubstantiation, and Hamlet .” Ecumenica 8.1 (Spring 2015): 39-51.

Owen, Ruth J. The Hamlet Zone: Reworking Hamlet for European Cultures . Newcastle-Upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2012.

Price, Joeseph G., ed. Hamlet: Critical Essays . New York: Routledge, 1986.

Prosser, Eleanor. Hamlet and Revenge . 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1971.

Rosenberg, Marvin. The Masks of Hamlet . Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992.

Row-Heyveld, Lindsey. “Antic Dispositions: Mental and Intellectual Disabilities in Early Modern Revenge Tragedy.” Recovering Disability in Early Modern England , ed. Allison P. Hobgood and David Houston Wood. Ohio State University Press, 2013, pp. 73-87.

Shakespeare, William. Hamlet . Ed. Neil Taylor and Ann Thompson. Revised Ed. London: Arden Third Series, 2006.

Shakespeare, William. Hamlet . Ed. Robert S. Miola. New York: Norton, 2010.

Stritmatter, Roger. "Two More Censored Passages from Q2 Hamlet." Cahiers Élisabéthains 91.1 (2016): 88-95.

Thompson, Ann. “Hamlet 3.1: 'To be or not to be’.” The Cambridge Guide to the Worlds of Shakespeare: The World's Shakespeare, 1660-Present, ed. Bruce R. Smith (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016): 1144-50.

Seibers, Tobin. “Shakespeare Differently Disabled.” The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare and Embodiement: Gender, Sexuality, and Race , ed. Valerie Traub (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016): 435-54.

Skinner, Quentin. “Confirmation: The Conjectural Issue.” Forensic Shakespeare (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014): 226-68.

Slater, Michael. “The Ghost in the Machine: Emotion and Mind–Body Union in Hamlet and Descartes," Criticism 58 (2016).

Thompson, Ann, and Neil Taylor, eds. Hamlet: A Critical Reader . London: Bloomsbury, 2016.

Weiss, Larry. “The Branches of an Act: Shakespeare's Hamlet Explains his Inaction.” Shakespeare 16.2 (2020): 117-27.

Wells, Stanley, ed. Hamlet and Its Afterlife . Special edition of Shakespeare Survey 45 (1992).

Williams, Deanne. “Enter Ofelia playing on a Lute.” Shakespeare and the Performance of Girlhood (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014): 73-91

Williamson, Claude C.H., ed. Readings on the Character of Hamlet: Compiled from Over Three Hundred Sources .

White, R.S. Avant-Garde Hamlet: Text, Stage, Screen . Lanham: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2015.

Wiles, David. “Hamlet’s Advice to the Players.” The Players’ Advice to Hamlet: The Rhetorical Acting Method from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020): 10-38

Wilson, J. Dover. What Happens in Hamlet . 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1951.

Zamir, Tzachi, ed. Shakespeare's Hamlet: Philosophical Perspectives . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.

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Hamlet Essays

Through rose colored glasses: how the victorian age shifted the focus of hamlet rebecca rendell.

19th century critic William Hazlitt praised Hamlet by saying that, "The whole play is an exact transcript of what might be supposed to have taken pace at the court of Denmark, at the remote period of the time fixed upon." (Hazlitt 164-169) Though...

Q to F7: Mate; Hamlet's Emotions, Actions, and Importance in the Nunnery Scene Rebecca Rendell

"Like sweet bells jangled, out of time and harsh" Hamlet's trust is betrayed by the people who are dearest to his heart (III.i.87). The theme of betrayal takes root before the Shakespeare's tragedy begins, when Hamlet's uncle murders his father...

Before the Storm Rebecca Rendell

When Hamlet sees Fortinbras' army headed for combat in Poland he is moved to deliver a striking monologue about the battle raging in his soul. Passion and anger drive Hamlet to avenge his father's murder at any cost, while logic and reason turn...

Haunted: Hamlet's Relationship With His Dead Father Tommy Stevenson

William Shakespeare's Hamlet, a story grounded in worldly issues like morality, justice, and retribution, begins in a very otherworldly way: the appearance of a ghost desiring vengeance from beyond the grave. The supernatural confrontation between...

Heliocentric Hamlet: The Astronomy of Hamlet Theoderek Wayne

If imagination is the lifeblood of literature, then each new scientific advance which extends our scope of the universe is as fruitful to the poet as to the astronomer. External and environmental change stimulates internal and personal tropes for...

Paralytic Prince: Hamlet's "Thought" Complex Theoderek Wayne

"If Hamlet from himself be ta'en away,

And when he's not himself does wrong Laertes,

Then Hamlet does it not, Hamlet denies it.

Who does it then? His madness. If't be so,

Hamlet is of the faction that is wrong'd;

His madness is poor Hamlet's enemy."

"I Have Seen Nothing": Hamlet and His Home Eddie Borey

Hamlet begins at the open mouth of the Void. Barnardo and Francisco call out to each other and into darkness; they stand atop a guard platform that is naked to the open air and to the night. Every character's entrance is marked by a series of...

The Corruption in Hamlet Allison Masters

Central to the plot and the themes developed in Shakespeare's Hamlet, are the varying elements of corruption which occur during the play. This is echoed in Marcellus' famous comment of 'Something is rotten in the state of Denmark,' when Hamlet is...

Hamlet's Obsession With Death Marie Moulin

In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the author presents the main character of Hamlet as a man who is obsessed with death. Shakespeare uses this obsession to explore both Hamlet's desire for revenge and his need for certainty. In the...

Hamlet's Frustration with Himself: "A Rogue And Peasant Slave" David Sauvage

In order to understand Hamlet, we must understand his frustration. This frustration is most clear in his famous monologue, famously beginning with the line "Oh what a rogue and peasant slave am I."

This self-condemnation is contrasted by his...

"Pray God Restore Him": The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of Hamlet David Sauvage

Ofel: Alas, what a change is this?

Ham: But if thou wilt needes marry, marry a foole,

For wisemen know well enough,

What monsters you make of them, to a Nunnery goe.

Ofel: Pray God restore him.

Ham: Nay, I have heard of your painting too,

God hath giuen...

Hamlet's Problematic "Celestial Bed" David Sauvage

To understand Hamlet's insecurities, we must understand Ophelia's point of view. It is she who makes him most uncomfortable over the course of the play, and it is her rejection of him that drives Hamlet closer to insanity. Her reasons for this...

"He's Depressed": The Implications of Hamlet, II.ii.278-292 Alex Hoffer

In his famous speech, "I have of late, but wherefore I know not, lost all my mirth[...]" (II.ii.280), Hamlet illustrates an Elizabethan fusion of medieval and humanist ideas, perhaps lost on Rosencrantz and Guildenstern but not on E.M.W. Tillyard....

A Play of Espionage and War Joshua V. Rohe

"It is not the object of war to annihilate those who have given provocation for it, but to cause them to mend their ways; not to ruin the innocent and guilty alike, but to save both" (Polybius). From the start of man's political awareness, war has...

In Violence, the Rest is Silence Sara Liss

Location is everything. The setting of Shakespeare's Hamlet, the royal court, functions as more than the backdrop to the drama. On the contrary, embedded within the play is the implicit significance of its environment. Court society, with its...

The Interpretive Effects of an Affecting Interpretation Sara Liss

"For there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so" (2.2, 249-250)

From the start of Shakespeare's Hamlet it is clear that much of the action is cerebral. The play never escapes the confines of Hamlet's head. One is never sure if...

Hamlet's Conflict Between Play and Reality Chris Mays

In Shakespeare's Hamlet, Polonius puts forth a simple explanation of insanity, stating that "to define true madness, what is it to be nothing else but mad?" Such a diagnosis is necessary in the court of Denmark, in which the perspective of reality...

Cultural Identity In Hamlet Matt Zajic

In William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, the concept of cultural identity is explored through Hamlet's isolation which is created by the conflict between his duty to his father, and his duties to the monarchy and society. Hamlet is isolated from his...

Thought as Inaction in William Shakespeare's Hamlet Megan DiGregorio

The Dishonest Ghost in "Hamlet" Marilyn Fu

Shakespeare has always been able to create characters richly dichotomous in nature. In "Hamlet, Prince of Denmark," the portrayal of the ghost of Hamlet's father vacillates through the play from Hamlet's uncertainty of whether "it is an honest...

The Foils of Hamlet David McDevitt

Literary techniques evoke images, emotion and in the case of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" teach a lesson. The dominant literary technique ongoing throughout "Hamlet" is the presence of foils. A foil is a character who, through strong contrast and...

How All Deletions Do Inform Against Me: A Look at Hamlet's Psychological Transformation in His Final Soliloquy Jessica Hindman

Though the identity of the "editor" responsible for deleting Hamlet's final soliloquy from the 1623 Folio edition of Hamlet may be lost to history, the possible reasons for his omission of the Quarto's fifty-eight lines are as relevant and...

The Inseparability of Acting and Ruling: An Analysis of Hamlet and The First Part of Henry the Fourth Tyler Merritt

Within Hamlet and 1 Henry the Fourth are examples of Shakespeare including the trade of acting within the text as a central theme. Hamlet certainly shows us his skill as an actor throughout the play, but there is a more blatant preference to...

Wasting Away in Denmark: Of Course There's a Woman to Blame Kasey Schneider

William Shakespeare's Hamlet, says renowned pundit of literature, Harold Bloom, "is unsurpassed in the West's imaginative literature" (Bloom 384). Surely, its story, style, and many famous lines have transcended time and place to such an extent...

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Hamlet Essay | Essay on Hamlet for Students and Children in English

February 12, 2024 by Prasanna

Hamlet Essay: The tragic play written by William Shakespeare, Hamlet, is a milestone in Shakespeare’s dramatic development in the world of literature. It is believed that Hamlet was written sometime in 1601 or 1602.

The playwright, Shakespeare has achieved a very creative matureness in work by his depiction of the main character’s struggle with two polar opposite forces: one being the need to avenge his father’s assassination and other being moral integrity. Hamlet is known as Shakespeare’s most successful, ideal and best plays in his lifetime, along with another tragic play, Romeo and Juliet.

You can also find more Essay Writing articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.

Long and Short Essays on Hamlet for Students and Kids in English

We are providing students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic Hamlet for reference.

Long Essay on Hamlet 500 Words in English

Long Essay on Hamlet is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Hamlet also was known as The Tragedy of Hamlet; Prince of Denmark is a tragedy play written by William Shakespeare. It was written sometime between the year 1599 and 1601. The play is set in Denmark, and it is based on the main character, Hamlet, whose father the king Hamlet was murdered by his uncle Claudius who then hastily remarried his mother to seize the throne.

The heftiest and influential works in the world of literature, Hamlet is a story efficient of seemingly limitless recurring and adaptation by others. Shakespeare’s Hamlet originated from the legend of Amleth which was conserved by Saxo Grammaticus, a 13th-century chronicler, in his GestaDanorum and was retold by scholar Francois de Belleforest in the 16th century. From Charles Dickens and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to Iris Murdoch and James Joyce, Hamlet has inspired many other.

An earlier Elizabethan play known as Ur-Hamlet was also believed to have been drawn by Shakespeare, though many scholars suspect that the well-known Hamlet is the revised version of Ur-Hamlet written by Shakespeare. It is almost certain that Shakespeare wrote his version for the title role for his fellow actor and the leading tragedian of Shakespeare’s time, Richard Burbage. The role has been performed many a time by famous actors even after 400 years of its inception.

The First Quarto; the Second Quarto and the First Follo are the three early different versions of the play, and each version includes entire scenes and lines which are missing from the other versions. The critical scrutiny of the play was inspired by the play’s structure and depth of characterization. An example of one such scrutiny in the play is Hamlet’s hesitation while killing his uncle as some saw it as a dramatization of the complicated ethical and philosophical issues surrounding the calculated revenge, foiled desire and the cold-blooded murder. At the same time, some argued that it is merely a plot device to elongate the action of the play.

You can now access Essay Writing on Hamlet and many more topics.

Recently feminists’ critics have examined and attempted to reintegrate the often-scorned characters of Gertrude and Ophelia while psychoanalytic critics have evaluated Hamlets’ unconscious desires. The play topped the performance list of the Royal Shakespeare Company and its forerunners in Stratford upon Avon since 1879.

The Hamlet-like legends are extensively found in Spain, Byzantium, Italy, Arabia and Byzantium and theme is possibly from an Indo-European origin with the core as “hero-as-fool”. According to Stephen Greenblatt’s argument, Hamlet was written tragically by Shakespeare due to his grief for the loss of his son, Hamnet Shakespeare, who died in 1596 at age eleven. But this idea was rejected by many scholars.

As recommended by Baldassare Castiglione’s 1528 etiquette guide, The Courtier, much of Hamlet’s language is courtly that is elaborate and witty discourse. As death is the main cause and result of the revenge for Hamlet, it is very intimately tied with the theme of revenge and justice. The start of the quest is caused by Hamlet’s uncle, who caused his father’s death, and the quest ends with the death of his uncle in the play.

Short Essay on Hamlet 150 Words in English

Short Essay on Hamlet is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Hamlet is argued as one of the greatest tragedy pieces, which was written by William Shakespeare all through his life. The plot of the play disputes between a variety of dispositions all in the chase of power and their interruption of moral authority. It surrounds the theme of deceit, deceives and maliciousness to create the “perfect storm” of chaos, misuse and perhaps lunacy. The personality of the main character, Hamlet, the son of the old King Hamlet and the rightful inheritor of the throne, is the most perplexing element throughout the play.

Although Hamlet receives celestial affirmation that his uncle Claudius secretly assassinated his father, and spectates a hasty remarriage of his uncle to his mother, Hamlet remains unable to take any revenge on behalf of his father. Hamlet is based on a Latin Norse legend by Saxo Grammaticus around 1200 AD. There are sixteen books in total, which tells about the stories of the great rulers of Denmark.

10 Lines on Hamlet Essay in English

1. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, also known as Hamlet is a play written by William Shakespeare. 2. Hamlet is said to behave written between 1599 to 1601. 3. Hamlet is the longest play written by Shakespeare with 30,557 words. 4. The plot of the play is about the revenge of Prince Hamlet against his uncle, Claudius, who murdered his father, to get his throne and marry his Hamlet’s mother. 5. Hamlet is one of the most popular plays written by Shakespeare. 6. It is considered that Hamlet is the most influential and powerful works in the world of literature. 7. The performance of Hamlet topped the list of Royal Charles Dickens since 1879. 8. Hamlet is described as the world’s most filmed movie right after Cinderella. 9. The play has been performed many times over the 400 years since its inception by highly well-known actors in each successive century. 10. There are three versions of the play which are surviving known as the First Quarto, the Second Quarto and the First Follo.

FAQ’s on Hamlet Essay

Question 1. Which of the character has the most lines in the play Hamlet?

Answer: The most lines, of any character in the play Hamlet, is the character Hamlet himself with 1569 lines.

Question 2. When was the play Hamlet, first performed?

Answer: The play was first performed in the year 1609.

Question 3. What does the word Hamlet mean?

Answer: The word Hamlet means small human settlement. A hamlet may also mean the size of a village, parish or a town.

Question 4. Is Hamlet based on a true story?

Answer: The characters in the play Hamlet are not based on real persons. But the story of Hamlet has been around the world for centuries.

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‘Horizon: An American Saga — Chapter 1’ Review: The Beauty, and the Bloodshed

In the first of a projected four-film cycle, Kevin Costner revisits the western genre and U.S. history in a big, busy drama.

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A man in a cowboy hat rides on a horse with a line of donkeys behind him.

By Manohla Dargis

Midway through Kevin Costner’s big, busy, decentered western “Horizon: An American Saga — Chapter 1,” the actor Danny Huston delivers a brief speech. The year is 1863 — two years into the Civil War — and his character, a colonel in charge of a military fort in the southwest, is discoursing on a nearby settlement called Horizon. Apaches have recently burned the hamlet to the ground, killing scores of settlers. You simply need look at the land, the colonel says, to see why the newcomers will keep coming.

“You may recall that’s what drove us across the ocean to this country in the first place.”

Huston, an imposing presence with a rich, sepulchral voice that can suggest depths, delivers this nod at Manifest Destiny with arid sobriety. His words certainly sound meaningful yet this reference to American expansionism just hangs in the air, untethered from history or ideology. Given this nod as well as the film’s large scale, crowded cast, multiple story lines and nearly three-hour run time, it’s reasonable to assume that Costner will add context, commentary or, really, anything . Yet all that’s clear from “Chapter 1,” the lead-in for his splashily publicized four-film cycle , is that the land was vast and beautiful, and everyone wanted a piece.

“Chapter 1” is the first movie that Costner has directed since his 2003 western “Open Range,” an earnest period drama about free-grazing cattlemen facing down a wealthy rancher. What’s striking about that film, beyond how Costner draws from so many different genre touchstones — John Ford, Clint Eastwood and Sam Peckinpah, among others — is how he tries to honor old-fashioned westerns that he so clearly loves while also complicating the myth of the American West through his character, a violence-haunted gunfighter.

A version of that same man — tough, terse, good with a gun, not bad with the little ladies and now named Hayes Ellison — rides into “Chapter 1” about an hour in, handsomely framed against a bright blue sky. What takes him so long? Given how the movie plays like an extended prologue, I suspect that Costner timed his entrance for a four-part project rather than for a stand-alone film. That makes it tough to get a handle on precisely what he’s up to here, other than gesturing at history, re-engaging with an archetypically American genre and readying the foundation for an epic that will continue when “Chapter 2” opens in August.

Written by Costner and Jon Baird, “Chapter 1” features uneven lines of action that jump across the map, from the southwest to the Territory of Wyoming. In one section, bad men with good cheekbones, their dusters trimmed with animals skins à la Gladiatorial Rome, chase after a righteously violent woman (Jena Malone in a lively, credible turn). In time, they end up in one of those frontier towns with muddy streets and desperate characters, a sinkhole where Hayes rides in with some gold and exits with Marigold (Abbey Lee), a lady of the evening (and afternoon). In another section, Luke Wilson leads a wagon train peopled with tough Americans, Laplander goons and two British twits itching for some punishment.

The story line that revs up the action centers on the settlement, a riverfront hamlet on a ribbon of green that winds through the desert and has attracted the attention of a tribe of White Mountain Apache led by Tuayeseh (Gregory Cruz). Soon after the movie opens, the settlers are swinging their partners to fiddles like good John Ford folk; not long after, many are dead, cut down by Apaches. Among the survivors are the newly widowed, impeccably manicured Frances Kittredge (Sienna Miller) and her daughter, Elizabeth (Georgia MacPhail), who take refuge in the fort. There, they meet a first lieutenant, Trent Gephart (Sam Worthington), a thoughtful soul who refers to Native Americans as Indigenous.

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Consideration of the Ghost in “Hamlet” by Shakespeare Essay

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Do ghosts always intend wickedness? The question is difficult to answer because ghosts appear in different forms and sometimes they are only visible to specific people like in Hamlet’s case. The Ghost in Hamlet is difficult to understand because the main character does not tell us whether it is wicked or charitable. It stirs Hamlet’s action after telling him how his father died. The Ghost demands that he avenges the death of his father. Hamlet’s behavior changes as he seeks to take revenge on his father’s murderer. The Ghost terrifies Hamlet and he asks it the question, “Be thy intents wicked, or charitable…?” (Shakespeare 1.4.42). The question leaves one wondering about the real intention of the Ghost. Nonetheless, the Ghost’s speech and behavior show that its intent is charitable.

Some ghosts are charitable depending on their nature. The Ghost in the play is charitable because it helps Hamlet to know the truth about the way his father died and to begin finding clues for the murder. At the beginning of the story, Hamlet’s depression occurs because of two huge events: his father’s death, and his mother Gertrude’s remarriage to his uncle Claudius. Losing a parent is tragic and catastrophic, so Hamlet falls into despair. Moreover, his mother, the queen, remarries his uncle, Claudius, who killed his father, the former king, right after his father died and does not mourn for his death like a spouse is expected to. This makes Hamlet feel bad because the queen does not feel sad about her ex-husband’s death. These two events, therefore, cause him to slip into depression. His depression is conspicuous, and Claudius asks Hamlet: “How is it that the cloud still hangs on you?” (Shakespeare 1.2.66). Hamlet, at this time, is too depressed so that people around him can realize the fact. Moreover, his mother urges him to stop mourning, but his sorrow is too deep. He is very concerned about his father’s death and dwells on it very much; Hamlet had his suspicions that maybe his uncle Claudius had a hand in his father’s death as he says: “O my prophetic soul! My uncle!” (Shakespeare 1.5.40). However, even though he had suspicions, he could not bring himself to find clues that could prove Claudius’s suspect because he was very depressed. The Ghost appears to Hamlet when he is suffering and having a hard time, and tells him the truth. Hamlet confirms his previous suspicions and swears to avenge his father’s death after the Ghost tells him that Claudius poured poison in the deceased king’s ear as he lay on his orchard. Therefore by telling the truth to Hamlet and motivating him the Ghost’s intention seems charitable.

The Ghost could also be charitable if it appeared to Hamlet to help in preserving his father’s memory. Hamlet mourns for the death of his father because he used to be very important to him and people around him want Hamlet to forget about him. For example, Claudius tells him that his continued mourning makes him look unmanly. Everyone around him tells him to stop mourning his father but the Ghost reminds him of his father and through the revenge, he is able to keep the memory of his father alive. Hamlet keeps his father’s memory and looks for a way to prove that Claudius really bears the blame for killing his father. He creates a play and he is able to confirm that Claudius is indeed guilty. The ghost represents his lost father but who is not forgotten because his son’s actions keep his memory alive. Horatio lives on to tell the story of Hamlet hence his memory remains and he is not forgotten by means of the Ghost’s help.

Moreover, the essay “Of ghosts and spirits walking by night” also gives proves that the Ghost in Hamlet intends charitable when it appears. According to “Of ghosts and spirits walking by night,” written by Lewes Lavater, there are four ways to distinguish good spirits from evil spirits. The first clue that Lewes talks about is “good spirits will at the beginning somewhat terrify men, but again soon revive and comfort them” (115). In the play, the Ghost at the beginning terrifies men. Horatio is frightened when the Ghost appears. He tells Hamlet not to follow the Ghost when he tries to because Horatio is afraid it might harm his lord. Hamlet also says: “Angels and ministers of grace defend us!”(19). It sounds like a prayer, which means he is frightened by the Ghost. However, Hamlet decides to follow the Ghost, and eventually, he talks to the Ghost about his father’s death. Hamlet adapts to the Ghost and starts a conversation with it. Also, after the conversation, Hamlet revives from his depressions and despairs. Furthermore, Lewes mentions that good spirits and evil spirits have different shapes. He says: “Good spirits appear under the shape of a dove, a man, a lamb, or in the brightness and clear light of the sun” (115). In the play, the Ghost appears in the form of a man. Bernardo says: “In the same figure like the king that’s dead” (4) when he describes the form of the Ghost. The Ghost appears in the form of a man, so the Ghost is a good spirit. Moreover, the last clue to figure out good spirits is to see if the spirit “desires any help or deliverance” (115). In the play Hamlet, the Ghost tells who killed Hamlet’s father and the way he died. The Ghost desires to help to reveal the truth hence its intentions are charitable.

Furthermore, the Ghost is charitable because it helps to tell the right from the wrong in Denmark and that have been committed by Claudius of killing the King in cold blood. The King is killed by the greedy and ambitious Claudius who desires power. He is willing to kill and marry his brother’s wife immediately. The Ghost appears to ensure that the wrong person sitting on the throne losses it through assassination. The killing of Claudius removes a wicked king from the throne and the coming of the Prince Fortinbras of Norway to Denmark offers hope for a fresh start because he is a probable King. Therefore, the Ghost is charitable to Denmark because it helps to purge her of wickedness in leadership and usher in a new dawn.

Finally, the Ghost helps Hamlet to overcome his depression and have a purpose for living again. He starts to live because he wants to take revenge against his father’s murder. The Ghost pushes him towards the goal of killing Claudius even though many other people die in the final scene in the bloodbath. The death of the innocent King is avenged and hence the evil is defeated. The Ghost helps to reveal the truth about Claudius’ character, even though Hamlet takes a very long time before taking revenge. He takes his time as he investigates the validity of the Ghost and leads to a tragedy like no other because he does not rush to take revenge as soon as he gets the information as we expect him to do. He is rational and does not want to rely entirely on a Ghost rumor but seeks to find the truth. The Ghost plays a very important role in the play because it overpowers Hamlet and lures him into the path of revenge. Although Hamlet’s revenge ends with tragedy, it is not because the Ghost lures Hamlet, but because Hamlet develops his emotion to revenge too much. Therefore, since the Ghost helps Hamlet to overcome his depression, the Ghost shows its charitable intention.

Although the Ghost causes tragedy, its role is very important because it tells the truth, motivates Hamlet, and makes Hamlet overcome his sorrow. The story of Hamlet proceeds with Hamlet’s revenge and ends with a bloodbath because Hamlet hurries the revenge and acts hastily. The Ghost did the right thing in pointing Hamlet to the truth about his father’s murderer although the result is a tragedy. Thanks to the Ghost, Hamlet can hear the truth, overcome his depression and obtain a purpose for his life. Hamlet devotes himself to achieving his purpose, which he may not be able to get to if he would not meet the Ghost; for this reason, the Ghost’s intent is charitable in the play.

Works Cited

Shakespeare, William. Hamlet: A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. 2nd. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1992.

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IvyPanda. (2022, September 14). Consideration of the Ghost in "Hamlet" by Shakespeare. https://ivypanda.com/essays/consideration-of-the-ghost-in-hamlet-by-shakespeare/

"Consideration of the Ghost in "Hamlet" by Shakespeare." IvyPanda , 14 Sept. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/consideration-of-the-ghost-in-hamlet-by-shakespeare/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'Consideration of the Ghost in "Hamlet" by Shakespeare'. 14 September.

IvyPanda . 2022. "Consideration of the Ghost in "Hamlet" by Shakespeare." September 14, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/consideration-of-the-ghost-in-hamlet-by-shakespeare/.

1. IvyPanda . "Consideration of the Ghost in "Hamlet" by Shakespeare." September 14, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/consideration-of-the-ghost-in-hamlet-by-shakespeare/.