character development essay topics

Writing a Character Analysis Essay | Step-by-Step Guide

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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I’m also going to give you a ton of examples.

This post is split into four parts for easy navigation:

What is a Character Analysis Essay?
What is the best Format to Use?
11 Character Analysis Example Ideas
Template, Checklist and Outline for Your own Piece

In this post, I’m going to explain to you clearly and in a step-by-step way how to conduct a character analysis.

1. What is a Character Analysis Essay?

Let’s get you started with some really simple details about what a character analysis is:

A Quick Definition: A character analysis essay zooms-in on a character in a book, movie or even real life. It provides what we sometimes call a ‘sketch’ of a character.
The Purpose of a Character Analysis: The purpose of a character analysis is to reveal interesting details about the character that might contain a broader moral message about the human condition. For example, Atticus Finch is not just a lawyer in To Kill a Mockingbird. Rather, he provides us with a moral message about the importance of doing what you believe is right even though you know you will likely fail.

2. What is the best Character Analysis Essay Format?

Character analysis essays do not have just one format.

However, let me offer some advice that might act as a character analysis essay outline or ‘checklist’ of possible things you could discuss:

1. Start with the Simple Details.

You can start a character analysis by providing a simple, clear description of who your character is. Look at some basic identity traits such as:

Race (if relevant)
Social class (if relevant)
Protagonist or Antagonist? A protagonist is the character who is our central character in the plot; the antagonist is often the protagonist’s opponent or challenger.
Major or minor character?

2. What are the character’s distinctive personality features?

Your character might have some really clearly identifiable character traits. It’s best to highlight in your character analysis the exact traits that this character possesses. Some common character traits include:

I recommend you take a moment to write down what you think the top 3 to 5 words are that you’d use to explain your character’s personality traits. These will be important to discuss throughout your character analysis.

Sometimes a character may start out with some personality traits, but change over the course of the text. This is quite common; and one clear example of this is Lady Macbeth she deteriorates from a cutthroat power player to a guilt ridden shell of a person roaming the halls of the castle. This dramatic character change is something that makes her very interesting, and is worthy of discussion!

3. What are the character’s key relationships?

Does your character have a close relationship with a certain person in the storyline?

You might want to discuss the character’s relationships as a part of your character analysis. These relationships may reveal some key personality traits of your character.

For example, in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Horatio is the loyal offsider to Hamlet. Through his actions in staying by Hamlet through thick and thin, we learn that he is a deeply loyal character.

Examining the character’s relationships with their friends and foes therefore is very useful for digging deeper into who this character actually is, and what personality traits they have when they are put to the test within the narrative.

4. What are the character’s motivations?

Another thing you might want to examine are the character’s motivations . What do they desire most in the world? Some common motivations for characters in stories are:

A simple life
To serve others

This list really could be endless, but I hope the above examples give you a bit of an idea of the sorts of traits to look out for. By mentioning and examining the motivations of the character, we will come closer and closer to learning exactly what moral message this character might be able to tell us.

5. What are the character’s key conflicts?

Stories tend to have a beginning, a complication, and a resolution.

The complication involves conflicts and challenges that need to be overcome. For Edmund in Narnia, it’s cowardice. For Romeo and Juliet, it’s the conflict between love and family loyalty. Here’s some other common conflicts for characters:

Whether to stay loyal to a friend;
To overcome obstacles to love;
To seek a way out of a challenging situation;
To escape war or poverty;
To persevere through imprisonment;
To overcome personal fear

Again, this list is endless.

Knowing the character’s core conflict gets us even closer to knowing the moral that the character is trying to teach us.

For example, in Romeo and Juliet, the challenge of Romeo and Juliet being together despite their families’ objections teaches us something. Personally, I believe it teaches us the importance of letting go of old grudges in order to let love bloom.

This moral lesson was taught to us through conflict: namely, the conflict that Romeo and Juliet were right in the center of.

6. What are the character’s epiphanies?

Sometimes a character has an epiphany. This often happens towards the end of the story and helps the character overcome the challenge or conflict that we discussed in the point above.

Here’s an example of an epiphany:

In the Lion King, Simba runs away from his tribe to live in exile. After a chance encounter with his childhood friend Nala, he has an epiphany that he has a duty to his tribe. This leads him back home to fight Scar and return freedom to Pride Rock.

Not all characters have an epiphany. But, if they do, I strongly encourage you to write about it in your character analysis.

7. Examine the moral message the character teaches us.

Finally, conclude by examining the moral message behind the character. Nearly every character has something to teach the reader. Authors put a lot of thought into creating complex characters with whom we can relate. We relate to the character and say “wow, they taught me a lesson about something!”

The lesson might be something like:

Money doesn’t buy happiness;
Loyalty to family comes above all else;
Love gives life meaning;
Honesty is always the best policy

This is the core of your character analysis essay. If you can pick out exactly what moral message the character teaches you, you’ll be well on your way to writing a strong character analysis.

Below I’m going to give you some examples to help you out. I know it can be hard to really get your head around a character, so sometimes the best thing is to look at some samples!

3. Here’s 13 Example Character Analysis Essay Ideas.

Most times when we create a character analysis, we’re exploring the deeper moral stories / aspects of humanity. Here’s some example ideas. I’ve tried to outline in less than a paragraph exactly what your key point will be about each character:

Atticus Finch from To Kill a Mockingbird: A character who teaches us a lesson about standing up for what’s right, even if you know you’re likely to lose.
Huckleberry Finn from Huckleberry Finn: A character who reveals our inner desire for freedom from the elements of society that constrain us.
Dudley from Harry Potter: A character whose personality tells us a cautionary tale of the perils of middle-class narcissism, parents’ desire to wrap their children in cotton wool, and the lack of discipline we perceive in contemporary childhoods.
Jack from Lord of the Flies: A character who represents the innate desire for power that seems to lurk not too far from the surface of the human condition. When social structures are stripped away, he quickly reverts to violence and superstition to assert control over his peers.
Lady Macbeth from Macbeth: Lady Macbeth teaches us a valuable lesson about the perils of contravening our own morality. She starts out a cutthroat killer but is increasingly consumed by the guilt of her own actions. While we may be able to escape full punishment from outside forces, it is the inner guilt that might eat us away to our last.
The Boy who Cried Wolf: The boy who cried wolf is a character whose fatal flaw is his desire for attention and adulation. His repeated attempts at gaining the attention of others leads the townspeople to no longer take him seriously, which causes him harm when he actually needs the villagers to take him seriously to save his life. He teaches us the virtue of honest and humility.
Nick Carraway from the Great Gatsby: Nick shows us all the inner conflict between the trappings of wealth, glamor and spectacle; and the desire for simplicity, honesty and community. He is drawn by the dazzling world of East Egg, New York, but by the end of the novel sees live in East Egg as shallow and lacking the moral depth of his former life in small town Minnesota.
Alice from Alice in Wonderland: In many ways, Alice represents the child within all of us. She is a character of goodwill to all and who looks upon the world (or, rather, Wonderland) with awe. Travelling with a cadre of flawed characters, she learns with them the importance of seeking strength from within.
The Nurse in Romeo and Juliet: Like many Shakespearian characters, the nurse’s role is both as loyal confidante to a central character and comic relief. Shakespeare uses minor characters to regale his crowd and sustain viewer interest between scenes.
Lucy in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe: Lucy represents a surprising character whose youthfulness and small stature make her an underrated character by all around her. Nonetheless, she possesses within the bravery and loyalty necessary to carry out the quest for Aslan. Lucy represents the goodness in children and, by extension, all of mankind.
Anne in Anne of Green Gables: Anne occupies the typical literary role of young girls in many classical novels: she represents innocence and wonder, and her contraventions of rules are seen through a prism of childhood innocence. This frames Anne not as a deviant but as a precious soul.
Simba from The Lion King: Simba’s story follows his struggle with growing up, embracing his destiny and duty to his family, or fleeing towards freedom and a ‘no worries’ lifestyle. Simba flees Pride Rock and goes through an existential crisis with his existentialist friends Timon and Pumba. When he runs into an old childhood friend, he realizes how shallow his new carefree life has become and reflects upon his obligation to his community back home.
Woody from Toy Story: Woody starts out Andy’s favorite toy, but when Andy gets a new flashier toy, Woody’s status amongst the toys falls apart. Woody’s key character challenge is to learn to be humble and inclusive living within the group. By the end of the movie, Woody realizes his duty to love and serve Andy is more important than his own status within the group.

4. Here’s an Example Template for your own Character Analysis Essay

Feel free to use this brainstorming template to get you started with your character analysis essay. I recommend filling out as many of these key points as you can, but remember sometimes you might have to skip some of these points if they’re not relevant to your character.

Once you’ve brainstormed the ideas in Table 1, follow the character analysis essay outline in Table 2 to stay on track for your character analysis essay. Do remember though that each assignment will be different and you should adjust it based on your teacher’s requirements.

Here’s Table 1, which is a brainstorming template for your character analysis essay:

And here’s Table 2, which is an example character analysis essay outline. This is for a 1500 word character analysis essay. Change the word count according to how long your essay should be:

Read Also: 39 Better Ways to Write ‘In Conclusion’ in an Essay

Character analyses can be really tough. You need to know your character really well. You might even need to re-read (or watch) your book or movie a few times over to get to know the character really well.

I recommend when you re-read or re-watch the text before you write your character analysis, have the checklist I provided above handy and take notes. Then, use the essay outline I provided above to put all of those notes together into a clear and thorough final character analysis essay.

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101 Character Writing Prompts

Author: Natalie Harris-Spencer Updated: November 4, 2024

In order to sell a book and get it published , you need to create a product, which, for most of us here at Aspiring Author , is a novel. And in order to write the darn thing (while lamenting your career choices), you need to live and breathe your characters. Character writing prompts can be an excellent way to help you get inside your characters’ heads and achieve that elusive narrative voice through speech, dialogue, or internal narration.

Creating real people

Creating convincing characters isn’t easy. Have you ever had that feeling that your characters are slippery, not quite sounding or doing the right things, or, worse, are fake? Have you noticed them steering their own way, diverging from your carefully outlined plot? Characters are the one device that should drive your plot – not the other way around. Follow them down whichever dark paths they choose in order to access the truth. Keep them honest and as grounded in reality as possible.

When it comes to creating 3D characters, Ernest Hemingway said it best: “When writing a novel, a writer should create living people; people not characters. A character is a caricature.” And to write real people, you need to ground your people in reality: real circumstances, real settings, and real thoughts and feelings. These character writing prompts have been designed to help you expose the human condition in all its imperfect glory. Humans are multi-layered (ah, the onion), with numerous internal complications, feelings, and flaws. Remember: characters have to change in order for the reader to care about them. They must go on a journey, through which your novel’s plot is the vessel.

101 character writing prompts

Below are 101 character writing prompts that will help you deepen your understanding of your characters and elevate them from caricatures into real people. As you work your way through these 101 character writing prompts, consider writing how your characters think, feel, but also change . Sameness is never interesting to read.

Physical appearance

Does your character have any moles, birth marks, or beauty spots? Where? Describe them.
Hair is not character. However, it can show something unexpected or unusual about your character. Write a scene featuring your character’s hair, without relying on the usual tropes (length, color etc.).
Write what your character thinks they see when they see their reflection.
Write a scene about your character in costume. What are they wearing, and why? How do they feel about it?
What does your character’s coughing, sneezing, and hiccoughing sound like?
What do they look like when they’re sick?
What’s in your character’s wallet apart from money?
Switch the gender of your character. How does that change how they think, feel, and move through the world?
Write about your character getting their ears pierced or getting a tattoo.
Describe your characters hands and feet.
Show your character doing a workout. What are they wearing? How do they look before, during and after?
Draw a sketch of your character’s passport. Does it help you understand who they are and where they come from?

Inner workings

What is your character’s biggest flaw?
What is your character’s biggest fear?
What or who would your character kill for?
What does your character want more than anything else in the world?
What is the one thing that is stopping them from getting it?
Write a therapy session between your character and their therapist.
Write a scene without dialogue that shows exactly what your character wants – only through their actions.
Show your character’s reaction to getting a parking ticket.
Write a scene about a mental health challenge your character has faced.
Put your character on a diet. How do they feel? What mood are they in?
Write about your character being insatiable thirsty.
Write about a time when your character couldn’t stop laughing.
Using just dialogue, write a scene between your character and someone they’re attracted to.
Your character is being lectured by someone in a position of authority. How do they react?
Show your character making a selfish decision and the ramifications it has on their life.
What is your character’s favorite book , and why? Has it always been the same book, or have their tastes evolved?
Write a scene where your character can’t remember what happened the night before, and they’re trying to piece it together.
Imagine your character is a nervous flyer. Document their thoughts during take-off.
Write a recollection scene about the most frightening time of your character’s life.
Show your character’s most embarrassing moment, either through recollection, dialogue, or action.
Write a scene where your character is struggling to show or purposefully concealing their real feelings and emotions.

Family, relationships, and home

How does your character spend their Christmas holidays, and who with?
Write a scene with your character attending a family funeral.
What are your character’s earliest memories? Do they remember their first home, their parents, or something else?
Your character has a bunch of keys. What do they have as keyrings?
Write an argument between your character and their mother and/or father.
Describe a family portrait: who’s in it? Where are they now?
Write your character’s bedtime ritual.
Show your character having an argument with a family member at the dinner table. Do they win?
What does your character’s closet and/or bedside drawer look like? What’s inside? Are they hiding anything they shouldn’t be?
Write a drunk argument between your character and a family member.
Imagine your character has a twin. List their similarities and differences, both physical and otherwise.
Write about your character on graduation day.
Write about your character going on a blind date.
Your character is getting married. They choose an unusual wedding cake topper. What is it, and why is it important?
Does your character want kids now or in the future? Why or why not?
Write a scene where your character moves to a new town. Are they welcome? Why or why not?
Write about a home invasion. Show your character’s possessions strewn and/or missing. What’s the first thing they check?
Your character opens a letter not addressed to them, only to discover a secret about the previous resident. How do they react?
Write a sex scene without mentioning anatomy (you can do it!).
Put your character in a country where they don’t speak the language. How do they get by?
Show your character meeting their first love again for the first time in ten years.

Epistolary character writing prompts

Write a letter in your character’s handwriting.
Write a Craigslist ad from the voice of your character.
Write an Airbnb listing for your character.
Write your character’s LinkedIn profile.
Create an online dating profile for your character.
Write a letter to your character’s younger self.
Create a tarot card reading for your character.
Come up with your character’s regular take-out order.
Write out your character’s family tree, including dates of birth, marriage, and death.
Write a postcard home from a far-flung destination.
Write a journal entry from a pivotal day in your character’s life.
Write a Valentine’s Day card from your character.
Write your character’s weekly shopping list. Include one item that doesn’t go with the rest.
Write a text conversation between your character and another person who they are trying to seduce or win over.
Write two lies and a truth for your character. The lies should be as convincing as the truth.
Write a scene with your character on the top of a Ferris wheel. What can they see? How do they feel?
Write a scene with your character in a haunted house.
Write a scene with your character falling asleep on the deck of a boat.
Write a scene with your character in a station waiting room. Where are they going and why?
Write a scene with your character in a hospital bed.
Your character has just been discovered stealing a midnight snack. How do they respond?
Write a scene with your character at a baseball game.
Write a scene with your character at a fireworks display.
Write a scene where your character is in a cemetery in the snow.
Your character is going on a camping trip. What do they pack?
Write a scene showing your character going into a church or place of worship.
Write a scene at the top of revolving skyscraper restaurant.
Your character makes a surprising discovery in a hotel room. What is it?
Your character enters an antiques store. What trinket do they come away with?
Write a scene where your character gets lost in a vineyard.
Write a scene with your character on a boardwalk or pier.
Imagine your character living in another decade. Now write about them – their clothes, their job, their desires.

Nature and animals

What is your character’s favorite season and why?
Write about your character ice skating on a frozen pond.
What does your character see when they look up at the night sky?
Is your character a cat or a dog person?
Or do they have an unusual pet? Write about it!
Write about your character accidentally hitting an animal with their car.
Write about your character’s experience of dissecting a frog in a science lesson.
What’s the first animal your character goes to see at the zoo?
Your character gets stung by a bee. How do they react?
Write a scene with your character sunbathing on a tropical beach.
Write a scene with your character skinny dipping in a lake.
Write a scene with your character watching the sun rise from a mountain top.
Take your character for a walk in the woods when the light is fading.
Describe the images, shapes, and patterns your character sees in passing clouds.
Write a scene where your character is caught in a thunderstorm.

Of course, there are countless more character writing prompts that you can work on. We hope these 101 character writing prompts from Aspiring Author give you just enough to spark your writerly imagination and take your characters to multi-layered, unexpected, and very real places. And trust yourself that your characters can be strange, because the truth is almost always stranger than fiction.