c program to find assignment

Example of Augmented Arithmetic and Assignment Operators

There can be five combinations of bitwise operators with the assignment operator, "=". Let's look at them one by one.

Example of Augmented Bitwise and Assignment Operators

Practice problems on assignment operators in c, 1. what will the value of "x" be after the execution of the following code.

The correct answer is 52. x starts at 50, increases by 5 to 55, then decreases by 3 to 52.

2. After executing the following code, what is the value of the number variable?

The correct answer is 144. After right-shifting 73 (binary 1001001) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 144 (binary 10010000).

Benefits of Using Assignment Operators

• Simplifies Code: For example, x += 1 is shorter and clearer than x = x + 1.
• Reduces Errors: They break complex expressions into simpler, more manageable parts thus reducing errors.
• Improves Readability: They make the code easier to read and understand by succinctly expressing common operations.
• Enhances Performance: They often operate in place, potentially reducing the need for additional memory or temporary variables.

Best Practices and Tips for Using the Assignment Operator

While performing arithmetic operations with the same variable, use compound assignment operators

• Initialize Variables When Declaring int count = 0 ; // Initialization
• Avoid Complex Expressions in Assignments a = (b + c) * (d - e); // Consider breaking it down: int temp = b + c; a = temp * (d - e);
• Avoid Multiple Assignments in a Single Statement // Instead of this a = b = c = 0 ; // Do this a = 0 ; b = 0 ; c = 0 ;
• Consistent Formatting int result = 0 ; result += 10 ;

When mixing assignments with other operations, use parentheses to ensure the correct order of evaluation.

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Assignment Operators in C

Assignment Operators in C Example

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C array declaration and assignment?

I've asked a similar question on structs here but I'm trying to figure out how C handles things like assigning variables and why it isn't allowed to assign them to eachother if they are functionally the same.

Lets say I have two arrays:

Why won't x = y compile? If they are both the same "signature" like that, then shouldn't you be able to assign them back and forth?

Can I declare these in a way that would allow me to do that in C? It makes sense to me that you would be able to, but maybe there is a way that this can be done? Typedefs for structs seemed to be the solution, would it be the same for array declaration and assignment?

I appreciate your guys help, I'm new to Stackoverflow but it has been a really good resource for me so far!

• variable-assignment

7 Answers 7

Simply put, arrays are not assignable. They are a "non-modifiable lvalue". This of course begs the question: why? Please refer to this question for more information:

Why does C++ support memberwise assignment of arrays within structs, but not generally?

Arrays are not pointers. x here does refer to an array, though in many circumstances this "decays" (is implicitly converted) to a pointer to its first element. Likewise, y too is the name of an array, not a pointer.

You can do array assignment within structs:

But you can't do it directly with arrays. Use memcpy .

• That code still doesn't do what he was wanting it to do though, does it? Perhaps I'm wrong, but I got the impression he was hoping to copy the contents of the y array into x. –  T.E.D. Commented Apr 13, 2009 at 18:18
• True. Fortunately, lots of other replies have indicated memcpy() is the correct choice. I'll add it in... –  user82238 Commented Apr 13, 2009 at 18:21
• 6 "The name of an array is actually the address of the first element of that array. \ The example code you provide here is attempting to assign to something which is not an l-value.": for the sake of posterity I thought I'd note that both of these sentences from the most highly voted answer are wrong. First, the name of an array most definitely is not a pointer (e.g. think sizeof()), it simply decays to a pointer in many cases. Second, the array name is an lvalue, just not a modifiable lvalue. –  Alexandros Gezerlis Commented Oct 31, 2011 at 23:32
• 3 I'm high-jacking this answer. It's top-voted and accepted, yet contained incorrect information and the user is long-gone. Hopefully this clears things up. –  GManNickG Commented Oct 5, 2016 at 6:16

This compiles and y will be the same as x .

• 4 y will be a pointer equivalent to &x[0] , due to array-to-pointer conversion, but it won't be "the same" as x is an array, not a pointer. –  GManNickG Commented Oct 5, 2016 at 6:05

Some messages here say that the name of an array yields the address of its first element. It's not always true:

In order to assign arrays you will have to assign the values inside the array.

ie. x=y is equivalent to

• thats why I am giving the equivalent! –  aJ. Commented Apr 13, 2009 at 16:55
• it gives the impression that x=y is a valid statement –  Naveen Commented Apr 13, 2009 at 16:57
• Actually in the OP its already mentioned that x=y doesn't compile. –  aJ. Commented Apr 13, 2009 at 16:58
• x=y being impossible for arrays is the entire context for this question, Naveen. –  Chuck Commented Apr 13, 2009 at 17:02

In an attempt to complement Blank's answer, I devised the following program:

When executed, the following is output:

The point is to illustrate how the copy of structures' values occurs.

When saying "int x[10]" is saying, "reserve some room for 10 integers and pass me a pointer to the location". So for the copy to make sense you'd need to operate on the memory pointed by, rather than 'the name of the memory location'.

So for copying here you'd use a for loop or memcpy().

I've used C compilers where that would compile just fine...and when run the code would make x point to y's array.

You see, in C the name of an array is a pointer that points to the start of the array. In fact, arrays and pointers are essentially interchangable. You can take any pointer and index it like an array.

Back when C was being developed in the early 70's, it was meant for relatively small programs that were barely above assembly language in abstraction. In that environment, it was damn handy to be able to easily go back and forth between array indexing and pointer math. Copying whole arrays of data, on the other hand, was a very expensive thing do do, and hardly something to be encouraged or abstracted away from the user.

Yes, in these modern times it would make way more sense to have the name of the array be shorthand for "the whole array", rather than for "a ponter to the front of the array". However, C wasn't designed in these modern times. If you want a language that was, try Ada. x := y there does exactly what you would expect; it copies one array's contents to the other.

• Friendly random ping. :) As you undoubtedly (now) know, the name of an array is not a pointer. –  GManNickG Commented Oct 5, 2016 at 6:05

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Assignment Operators in C

Operators are a fundamental part of all the computations that computers perform. Today we will learn about one of them known as Assignment Operators in C. Assignment Operators are used to assign values to variables. The most common assignment operator is = . Assignment Operators are Binary Operators.

Types of Assignment Operators in C

Here is a list of the assignment operators that you can find in the C language:

• basic assignment ( = )
• subtraction assignment ( -= )
• addition assignment ( += )
• division assignment ( /= )
• multiplication assignment ( *= )
• modulo assignment ( %= )
• bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= )
• bitwise OR assignment ( |= )
• bitwise AND assignment ( &= )
• bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= )
• bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= )

Working of Assignment Operators in C

This is the complete list of all assignment operators in C. To read the meaning of operator please keep in mind the above example.

Example for Assignment Operators in C

Basic assignment ( = ) :

Subtraction assignment ( -= ) :

Addition assignment ( += ) :

Division assignment ( /= ) :

Multiplication assignment ( *= ) :

Modulo assignment ( %= ) :

Bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= ) :

Bitwise OR assignment ( |= ) :

Bitwise AND assignment ( &= ) :

Bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= ) :

Bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= ) :

This is the detailed explanation of all the assignment operators in C that we have. Hopefully, This is clear to you.

Practice Problems on Assignment Operators in C

1. what will be the value of a after the following code is executed.

A) 10 B) 11 C) 12 D) 15

Answer – C. 12 Explanation: a starts at 10, increases by 5 to 15, then decreases by 3 to 12. So, a is 12.

2. After executing the following code, what is the value of num ?

A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32

Answer: C) 16 Explanation: After right-shifting 8 (binary 1000) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 16 (binary 10000).

Q. How does the /= operator function? Is it a combination of two other operators?

A. The /= operator is a compound assignment operator in C++. It divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. It is equivalent to using the / operator and then the = operator separately.

Q. What is the most basic operator among all the assignment operators available in the C language?

A. The most basic assignment operator in the C language is the simple = operator, which is used for assigning a value to a variable.

• Assignment operators are used to assign the result of an expression to a variable.
• There are two types of assignment operators in C. Simple assignment operator and compound assignment operator.
• Compound Assignment operators are easy to use and the left operand of expression needs not to write again and again.
• They work the same way in C++ as in C.

Assignment Operators in C

January 17, 2023

Assignment Operator in C

Simple assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable. The assignment operation evaluates to the assigned value. Chaining the assignment operator is possible in order to assign a single value to multiple variables.

Assignment Operators

•   “=” : This is the simplest assignment operator. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left.

a will be assigned value of 5, and b will be assigned value of 10.

•     “+=” :This operator is combination of ‘+’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first adds the current value of the variable on left to the value on right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left.

eg; ( a+=b ) can written as( a=a+b )

•   ” -=” This operator is combination ‘-‘ and ‘=’ operator. This operator subtracts the value on right from the current value of the variable on left and then assigns the result to the variable on the left.

eg; ( a-=b ) can written as( a=a-b )

Tokens in C

Size of Operators

Conditional statement Program in C

fseek() in C

pointer v/s array in C

Implementation of Assignment Operator

• First of all in this program we will initialize the value in the variable, the we will assign the value of the right to the variable.
• like a=20 means 20 will assign to the a variable.
• b+=10 means b=b+10 and b=10 initialize so b=10+10 it means b=20 so 20 will assign to b.
• c*=2 means c=c*2 that means multiply of 2*5 because the value of 5 is c so c=10 ,then 10 will assign to the C.

Code for Assignment operator in C

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Left Shift and Right Shift Operators in C/C++

In C/C++, left shift (<<) and right shift (>>) operators are binary bitwise operators that are used to shift the bits either left or right of the first operand by the number of positions specified by the second operand allowing efficient data manipulation. In this article, we will learn about the left shift and right shift operators.

Left Shift (<<) Operators

The left shift(<<) is a binary operator that takes two numbers, left shifts the bits of the first operand, and the second operand decides the number of places to shift. In other words, left-shifting an integer “ a ” with an integer “ b ” denoted as ‘ (a<<b)’ is equivalent to multiplying a with 2^b (2 raised to power b).  

• a is the integer value to be shifted.
• b specifies how many positions to shift the bits.

Example: Let’s take a=5 ; which is 101 in Binary Form. Now, if “ a is left-shifted by 2 ” i.e a=a<<2 then a will become a=a*(2^2) . Thus, a=5*(2^2)=20 which can be written as 10100.

Example of Left Shift Operator

Applications of left shift operator.

• Multiplication by Powers of Two : Left shifting a number by n positions is equivalent to multiplying it by 2^n and is much faster than normal multiplication
• Efficient Calculations : Used in performance-critical applications where arithmetic operations need to be fast.
• Bit Manipulation : Common in low-level programming, such as embedded systems and hardware interfacing.

Right Shift(>>) Operators

Right Shift(>>) is a binary operator that takes two numbers, right shifts the bits of the first operand, and the second operand decides the number of places to shift. In other words, right-shifting an integer “ a ” with an integer “ b ” denoted as ‘ (a>>b) ‘ is equivalent to dividing a with 2^b. 

Example: let’s take a=5 ; which is 101 in Binary Form. Now, if “ a is right-shifted by 2 ” i.e a=a>>2 then a will become a=a/(2^2) . Thus, a=a/(2^2)=1 which can be written as 01 .

Example of Right Shift Operator

Applications of right shift operators.

• Division by Powers of Two : Right shifting a number by n positions is equivalent to dividing it by 2^n and it is very fast.
• Efficient Calculations : Used in performance-critical applications for fast division operations.
• Bit Manipulation : Useful in extracting specific bits from data, common in data compression and cryptography.

Important Points of Shift Operators

1. The left-shift and right-shift operators should not be used for negative numbers. The result of is undefined behavior if any of the operands is a negative number. For example, results of both 1 >> -1 and 1 << -1 is undefined.

2. If the number is shifted more than the size of the integer, the behavior is undefined. For example, 1 << 33 is undefined if integers are stored using 32 bits. For bit shift of larger values 1ULL<<62   ULL is used for Unsigned Long Long which is defined using 64 bits that can store large values.

3. The left-shift by 1 and right-shift by 1 are equivalent to the product of the first term and 2 to the power given element(1<<3 = 1*pow(2,3)) and division of the first term and second term raised to power 2 (1>>3 = 1/pow(2,3)) respectively. 

Must Read: Bitwise Operators in C/C++

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