assignment operators in c programming with examples

Example of Augmented Arithmetic and Assignment Operators

There can be five combinations of bitwise operators with the assignment operator, "=". Let's look at them one by one.

Example of Augmented Bitwise and Assignment Operators

Practice problems on assignment operators in c, 1. what will the value of "x" be after the execution of the following code.

The correct answer is 52. x starts at 50, increases by 5 to 55, then decreases by 3 to 52.

2. After executing the following code, what is the value of the number variable?

The correct answer is 144. After right-shifting 73 (binary 1001001) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 144 (binary 10010000).

Benefits of Using Assignment Operators

• Simplifies Code: For example, x += 1 is shorter and clearer than x = x + 1.
• Reduces Errors: They break complex expressions into simpler, more manageable parts thus reducing errors.
• Improves Readability: They make the code easier to read and understand by succinctly expressing common operations.
• Enhances Performance: They often operate in place, potentially reducing the need for additional memory or temporary variables.

Best Practices and Tips for Using the Assignment Operator

While performing arithmetic operations with the same variable, use compound assignment operators

• Initialize Variables When Declaring int count = 0 ; // Initialization
• Avoid Complex Expressions in Assignments a = (b + c) * (d - e); // Consider breaking it down: int temp = b + c; a = temp * (d - e);
• Avoid Multiple Assignments in a Single Statement // Instead of this a = b = c = 0 ; // Do this a = 0 ; b = 0 ; c = 0 ;
• Consistent Formatting int result = 0 ; result += 10 ;

When mixing assignments with other operations, use parentheses to ensure the correct order of evaluation.

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Home » Learn C Programming from Scratch » C Assignment Operators

C Assignment Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you’ll learn about the C assignment operators and how to use them effectively.

Introduction to the C assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns the vale of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. The following example uses the assignment operator (=) to assign 1 to the counter variable:

After the assignmment, the counter variable holds the number 1.

The following example adds 1 to the counter and assign the result to the counter:

The = assignment operator is called a simple assignment operator. It assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.

Besides the simple assignment operator, C supports compound assignment operators. A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

The following example uses a compound-assignment operator (+=):

The expression:

is equivalent to the following expression:

The following table illustrates the compound-assignment operators in C:

• A simple assignment operator assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.
• A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

cppreference.com

Assignment operators.

Assignment and compound assignment operators are binary operators that modify the variable to their left using the value to their right.

[ edit ] Simple assignment

The simple assignment operator expressions have the form

Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of lhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs .

Assignment also returns the same value as what was stored in lhs (so that expressions such as a = b = c are possible). The value category of the assignment operator is non-lvalue (so that expressions such as ( a = b ) = c are invalid).

rhs and lhs must satisfy one of the following:

• both lhs and rhs have compatible struct or union type, or..
• rhs must be implicitly convertible to lhs , which implies
• both lhs and rhs have arithmetic types , in which case lhs may be volatile -qualified or atomic (since C11)
• both lhs and rhs have pointer to compatible (ignoring qualifiers) types, or one of the pointers is a pointer to void, and the conversion would not add qualifiers to the pointed-to type. lhs may be volatile or restrict (since C99) -qualified or atomic (since C11) .
• lhs is a (possibly qualified or atomic (since C11) ) pointer and rhs is a null pointer constant such as NULL or a nullptr_t value (since C23)

[ edit ] Notes

If rhs and lhs overlap in memory (e.g. they are members of the same union), the behavior is undefined unless the overlap is exact and the types are compatible .

Although arrays are not assignable, an array wrapped in a struct is assignable to another object of the same (or compatible) struct type.

The side effect of updating lhs is sequenced after the value computations, but not the side effects of lhs and rhs themselves and the evaluations of the operands are, as usual, unsequenced relative to each other (so the expressions such as i = ++ i ; are undefined)

Assignment strips extra range and precision from floating-point expressions (see FLT_EVAL_METHOD ).

In C++, assignment operators are lvalue expressions, not so in C.

[ edit ] Compound assignment

The compound assignment operator expressions have the form

The expression lhs @= rhs is exactly the same as lhs = lhs @ ( rhs ) , except that lhs is evaluated only once.

[ edit ] References

• C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
• 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 72-73)
• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
• 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 101-104)
• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
• 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 91-93)
• C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
• 3.3.16 Assignment operators

[ edit ] See Also

Operator precedence

[ edit ] See also

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Assignment Operators in C

Assignment operator in c ​.

In C, the assignment operator is the "=" symbol. It assigns the value on the right side of the operator to the variable on the left side.

For example:

In the statement

The value 5 is assigned to the variable x .

The assignment operator can also be used to chain assignments, such as

which assigns the value 0 to the variables x, y, and z.

Below is a program that demonstrates the use of the assignment operator:

Types of Assignment operators in C ​

There are multiple types of assignment operators beyond the basic assignment operator ("=") described above. These include:

• Compound assignment operators
• Increment and Decrement operators

Compound assignment operators ​

These operators are a shorthand way of performing a specific operation on a variable and then assigning the result to the same variable.

Other common compound assignment operators include:

The compound assignment operators perform the operation and assignment in one step, so it's more efficient than writing the equivalent expression.

Below is a Compound assignment operator Example in C:

Increment and Decrement operators ​

In C, the increment operator (++) and the decrement operator (--) are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by 1.

They can be used as prefix or postfix.

In the above table, x is a variable, and the increment operator(++) increments the value of x by 1, and the decrement operator(--) decrements the value of x by 1.

Increment and decrement operators are not limited to integers, but it can be applied to any numeric datatype such as float, double, etc.

Also, these operators can be used in expressions and in combination with other operators. For example, x++ + y-- is a valid expression.

Prefix and Postfix Types ​

Prefix increment (or decrement) operator ​.

The prefix increment or decrement operator first increments or decriments the value of a variable, then the new value of variable is used in the expression.

In the statement y = ++x; , the value of x is first incremented by 1, and then the new value of x is assigned to y .

Postfix Increment (or Decrement) Operator ​

The Postfix increment or decrement operator first increments or decriments the value, then the new value is used in the expression.

The Postfix increment or decrement operator first uses the current value of variable in the expression and then increments the value of variable.

In the statement y = x++; , the current value of variable x is assigned to variable y , and then x is incremented by 1.

Explanation:

In this program,

• Three variables x , y and z are declared and initialized with the value 5.
• Then the prefix increment operator is used to increment the value of x , and the new value of x is assigned to y .
• Then the postfix increment operator is used to increment the value of x , and the current value of x is assigned to z .
• Then prefix and postfix decrement operator is used to decrement the value of x and assigned to y and z respectively.

Please note that the order of evaluation is different for prefix and postfix operators. The prefix operator increments/decrements the value of the variable first and then uses the new value, whereas the postfix operator uses the current value of the variable first and then increments/decrements the value.

• Types of Assignment operators in C
• Prefix and Postfix Types

C Programming Tutorial

• Assignment Operator in C

Last updated on July 27, 2020

We have already used the assignment operator ( = ) several times before. Let's discuss it here in detail. The assignment operator ( = ) is used to assign a value to the variable. Its general format is as follows:

The operand on the left side of the assignment operator must be a variable and operand on the right-hand side must be a constant, variable or expression. Here are some examples:

The precedence of the assignment operator is lower than all the operators we have discussed so far and it associates from right to left.

We can also assign the same value to multiple variables at once.

here x , y and z are initialized to 100 .

Since the associativity of the assignment operator ( = ) is from right to left. The above expression is equivalent to the following:

Note that expressions like:

are called assignment expression. If we put a semicolon( ; ) at the end of the expression like this:

then the assignment expression becomes assignment statement.

Compound Assignment Operator #

Assignment operations that use the old value of a variable to compute its new value are called Compound Assignment.

Consider the following two statements:

Here the second statement adds 5 to the existing value of x . This value is then assigned back to x . Now, the new value of x is 105 .

To handle such operations more succinctly, C provides a special operator called Compound Assignment operator.

The general format of compound assignment operator is as follows:

where op can be any of the arithmetic operators ( + , - , * , / , % ). The above statement is functionally equivalent to the following:

Note : In addition to arithmetic operators, op can also be >> (right shift), << (left shift), | (Bitwise OR), & (Bitwise AND), ^ (Bitwise XOR). We haven't discussed these operators yet.

After evaluating the expression, the op operator is then applied to the result of the expression and the current value of the variable (on the RHS). The result of this operation is then assigned back to the variable (on the LHS). Let's take some examples: The statement:

is equivalent to x = x + 5; or x = x + (5); .

Similarly, the statement:

is equivalent to x = x * 2; or x = x * (2); .

Since, expression on the right side of op operator is evaluated first, the statement:

is equivalent to x = x * (y + 1) .

The precedence of compound assignment operators are same and they associate from right to left (see the precedence table ).

The following table lists some Compound assignment operators:

The following program demonstrates Compound assignment operators in action:

Expected Output:

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An operator is a symbol that operates on a value or a variable. For example: + is an operator to perform addition.

C has a wide range of operators to perform various operations.

C Arithmetic Operators

An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc on numerical values (constants and variables).

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators

The operators + , - and * computes addition, subtraction, and multiplication respectively as you might have expected.

In normal calculation, 9/4 = 2.25 . However, the output is 2 in the program.

It is because both the variables a and b are integers. Hence, the output is also an integer. The compiler neglects the term after the decimal point and shows answer 2 instead of 2.25 .

The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a=9 is divided by b=4 , the remainder is 1 . The % operator can only be used with integers.

Suppose a = 5.0 , b = 2.0 , c = 5 and d = 2 . Then in C programming,

C Increment and Decrement Operators

C programming has two operators increment ++ and decrement -- to change the value of an operand (constant or variable) by 1.

Increment ++ increases the value by 1 whereas decrement -- decreases the value by 1. These two operators are unary operators, meaning they only operate on a single operand.

Example 2: Increment and Decrement Operators

Here, the operators ++ and -- are used as prefixes. These two operators can also be used as postfixes like a++ and a-- . Visit this page to learn more about how increment and decrement operators work when used as postfix .

C Assignment Operators

An assignment operator is used for assigning a value to a variable. The most common assignment operator is =

Example 3: Assignment Operators

C relational operators.

A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value 0.

Relational operators are used in decision making and loops .

Example 4: Relational Operators

C logical operators.

An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C programming .

Example 5: Logical Operators

Explanation of logical operator program

• (a == b) && (c > 5) evaluates to 1 because both operands (a == b) and (c > b) is 1 (true).
• (a == b) && (c < b) evaluates to 0 because operand (c < b) is 0 (false).
• (a == b) || (c < b) evaluates to 1 because (a = b) is 1 (true).
• (a != b) || (c < b) evaluates to 0 because both operand (a != b) and (c < b) are 0 (false).
• !(a != b) evaluates to 1 because operand (a != b) is 0 (false). Hence, !(a != b) is 1 (true).
• !(a == b) evaluates to 0 because (a == b) is 1 (true). Hence, !(a == b) is 0 (false).

During computation, mathematical operations like: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc are converted to bit-level which makes processing faster and saves power.

Bitwise operators are used in C programming to perform bit-level operations.

Visit bitwise operator in C to learn more.

Other Operators

Comma operator.

Comma operators are used to link related expressions together. For example:

The sizeof operator

The sizeof is a unary operator that returns the size of data (constants, variables, array, structure, etc).

Example 6: sizeof Operator

Other operators such as ternary operator ?: , reference operator & , dereference operator * and member selection operator  ->  will be discussed in later tutorials.

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• Arithmetic Operators
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• Logical Operators
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Assignment Operators in C

Assignment operators are used to assigning the result of an expression to a variable. Up to now, we have used the shorthand assignment operator “=”, which assigns the result of a right-hand expression to the left-hand variable. For example, in the expression x = y + z, the sum of y and z is assigned to x.

Another form of assignment operator is variable operator_symbol= expression ; which is equivalent to variable = variable operator_symbol expression;

We have the following different types of assignment and assignment short-hand operators.

Expected Output:

Assignment Operators In C [ Full Information With Examples ]

Assignment Operators In C

Assignment operators is a binary operator which is used to assign values in a variable , with its right and left sides being a one-one operand. The operand on the left side is variable in which the value is assigned and the right side operands can contain any of the constant, variable, and expression.

The Assignment operator is a lower priority operator. its priority has much lower than the rest of the other operators. Its priority is more than just the comma operator. The priority of all other operators is more than the assignment operator.

We can assign the same value to multiple variables simultaneously by the assignment operator.

x = y = z = 100

Here x, y, and z are initialized to 100.

In C language, the assignment operator can be divided into two categories.

• Simple assignment operator
• Compound assignment operators

1. Simple Assignment Operator In C

This operator is used to assign left-side values ​​to the right-side operands, simple assignment operators are represented by (=).

2. Compound Assignment Operators In C

Compound Assignment Operators use the old value of a variable to calculate its new value and reassign the value obtained from the calculation to the same variable.

Examples of compound assignment operators are: (Example: + =, – =, * =, / =,% =, & =, ^ =)

Look at these two statements:

Here in this example, adding 5 to the x variable in the second statement is again being assigned to the x variable.

Compound Assignment Operators provide us with the C language to perform such operation even more effecient and in less time.

Syntax of Compound Assignment Operators

Here op can be any arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /,%).

The above statement is equivalent to the following depending on the function:

Let us now know about some important compound assignment operators one by one.

“+ =” -: This operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the output to the left operand.

“- =” -: This operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and returns the result to the left operand.

“* =” -: This operator multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

“/ =” -: This operator splits the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

“% =” -: This operator takes the modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.

There are many other assignment operators such as left shift and (<< =) operator, right shift and operator (>> =), bitwise and assignment operator (& =), bitwise OR assignment operator (^ =)

List of Assignment Operators In C

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Mastering The Art Of Assignment: Exploring C Assignment Operators

Dive into the world of C Assignment Operators in our extensive guide. Understand the syntax, deep-dive into variables, and explore complex techniques and practical applications.

💡 KEY INSIGHTS

• Assignment operators in C are not just for basic value assignment; they enable simultaneous arithmetic operations, enhancing code efficiency and readability.
• The article emphasizes the importance of understanding operator precedence in C, as misinterpretation can lead to unexpected results, especially with compound assignment operators.
• Common mistakes like confusing assignment with equality ('=' vs '==') are highlighted, offering practical advice for avoiding such pitfalls in C programming.
• The guide provides real-world analogies for each assignment operator, making complex concepts more relatable and easier to grasp for programmers.

Welcome, bold programmers and coding enthusiasts! Let's set the stage: you're at your desk, fingers hovering over the keyboard, ready to embark on a journey deep into the belly of C programming. You might be wondering, why do I need to know about these 'assignment operators'?

Well, imagine trying to build a house with a toolbox that only has a hammer. You could probably make something that vaguely resembles a house, but without a screwdriver, wrench, or saw, it's going to be a bit...wobbly. This, my friends, is the importance of understanding operators in C. They're like the indispensable tools in your coding toolbox. And today, we're honing in on the assignment operators .

Now, our mission, should we choose to accept it, is to delve into the world of assignment operators in C. Like secret agents discovering the inner workings of a villain's lair, we're going to uncover the secrets that these '=' or '+=' symbols hold.

To all the night owls out there, I see you, and I raise you an operator. Just like how a cup of coffee (or three) helps us conquer that midnight oil, mastering operators in C can transform your coding journey from a groggy stumble to a smooth sprint.

But don't just take my word for it. Let's take a real-world example. Imagine you're coding a video game. You need your character to jump higher each time they collect a power-up. Without assignment operators, you'd be stuck adding numbers line by line. But with the '+=' operator, you can simply write 'jumpHeight += powerUpBoost,' and your code becomes a thing of elegance. It's like going from riding a tricycle to a high-speed motorbike.

In this article, we're going to unpack, examine, and get intimately acquainted with these assignment operators. We'll reveal their secrets, understand their behaviors, and learn how to use them effectively to power our C programming skills to new heights. Let's strap in, buckle up, and get ready for takeoff into the cosmic realms of C assignment operators!

The Basics Of C Operators

Deep dive into assignment operators in c, detailed exploration of each assignment operator, common use cases of assignment operators, common mistakes and how to avoid them, practice exercises, references and further reading.

Alright, get ready to pack your mental suitcase as we prepare to embark on the grand tour of C operators. We'll be stopping by the various categories, getting to know the locals (the operators, that is), and understanding how they contribute to the vibrant community that is a C program.

What Are Operators In C?

Operators in C are like the spicy condiments of coding. Without them, you'd be left with a bland dish—or rather, a simple list of variables. But splash on some operators, and suddenly you've got yourself an extravagant, dynamic, computational feast. In technical terms, operators are special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands, and then return a result . They're the magic sauce that allows us to perform calculations, manipulate bits, and compare data.

Categories Of Operators In C

Now, just as you wouldn't use hot sauce on your ice cream (unless that's your thing), different operators serve different purposes. C language has been generous enough to provide us with a variety of operator categories, each with its distinct charm and role.

Let's break it down:

Imagine you're running a pizza shop. The arithmetic operators are like your basic ingredients: cheese, sauce, dough. They form the foundation of your pizza (program). But then you want to offer different pizza sizes. That's where your relational operators come in, comparing the diameter of small, medium, and large pizzas.

You're going well, but then you decide to offer deals. Buy two pizzas, get one free. Enter the logical operators , evaluating whether the conditions for the deal have been met. And finally, you want to spice things up with some exotic ingredients. That's your bitwise operators , working behind the scenes, adding that unique flavor that makes your customers keep coming back.

However, today, we're going to focus on a particular subset of the arithmetic operators: the assignment operators . These are the operators that don't just make the pizza but ensure it reaches the customer's plate (or in this case, the right variable).

Next up: We explore these unsung heroes of the programming world, toasting their accomplishments and discovering their capabilities. So, hold onto your hats and glasses, folks. This here's the wildest ride in the coding wilderness!

Prepare your diving gear and adjust your oxygen masks, friends, as we're about to plunge deep into the ocean of C programming. Hidden in the coral reef of code, you'll find the bright and beautiful creatures known as assignment operators.

What Are Assignment Operators?

In the broad ocean of C operators, the assignment operators are the dolphins - intelligent, adaptable, and extremely useful. On the surface, they may appear simple, but don't be fooled; these creatures are powerful. They have the capability to not only assign values to variables but also perform arithmetic operations concurrently.

The basic assignment operator in C is the '=' symbol. It's like the water of the ocean, essential to life (in the world of C programming). But alongside this staple, we have a whole family of compound assignment operators including '+=', '-=', '*=', '/=', and '%='. These are the playful dolphins leaping out of the water, each adding their unique twist to the task of assignment.

Syntax And Usage Of Assignment Operators

Remember, even dolphins have their ways of communicating, and so do assignment operators. They communicate through their syntax. The syntax for assignment operators in C follows a simple pattern:

In this dance, the operator and the '=' symbol perform a duet, holding onto each other without a space in between. They're the dancing pair that adds life to the party (aka your program).

Let's say you've won the lottery (congratulations, by the way!) and you want to divide your winnings between your three children. You could write out the arithmetic long-hand, or you could use the '/=' operator to streamline your process:

Just like that, your winnings are divided evenly, no calculator required.

List Of Assignment Operators In C

As promised, let's get to know the whole family of assignment operators residing in the C ocean:

Alright, we've taken the plunge and gotten our feet wet (or fins, in the case of our dolphin friends). But the dive is far from over. Next up, we're going to swim alongside each of these assignment operators, exploring their unique behaviors and abilities in the wild, vibrant world of C programming. So, keep your scuba gear on and get ready for more underwater adventure!

Welcome back, dear diver! Now that we've acquainted ourselves with the beautiful pod of dolphins, aka assignment operators, it's time to learn about each dolphin individually. We're about to uncover their quirks, appreciate their styles, and recognize their talents.

The Simple Assignment Operator '='

Let's start with the leader of the pack: the '=' operator. This unassuming symbol is like the diligent mail carrier, ensuring the right packages (values) get to the correct houses (variables).

Take a look at this:

In this code snippet, '=' ensures that the value '5' gets assigned to the variable 'chocolate'. Simple as that. No muss, no fuss, just a straightforward delivery of value.

The Addition Assignment Operator '+='

Next, we have the '+=' operator. This operator is a bit like a friendly baker. He takes what he has, adds more ingredients, and gives you the result - a delicious cake! Or, in this case, a new value.

Consider this:

We started with 12 doughnuts. But oh look, a friend dropped by with 3 more! So we add those to our box, and now we have 15. The '+=' operator made that addition quick and easy.

The Subtraction Assignment Operator '-='

Following the '+=' operator, we have its twin but with a different personality - the '-=' operator. If '+=' is the friendly baker, then '-=' is the weight-conscious friend who always removes extra toppings from their pizza. They take away rather than add.

For instance:

You've consumed 2000 calories today, but then you went for a run and burned 500. The '-=' operator is there to quickly update your calorie count.

The Multiplication Assignment Operator '*='

Say hello to the '*=' operator. This one is like the enthusiastic party planner who multiplies the fun! They take your initial value and multiply it with another, bringing more to the table.

Check this out:

You're at a level 7 excitement about your upcoming birthday, but then you learn that your best friend is flying in to celebrate with you. Your excitement level just doubled, and '*=' is here to make that calculation easy.

The Division Assignment Operator '/='

Here's the '/=' operator, the calm and composed yoga teacher of the group. They're all about division and balance. They take your original value and divide it by another, bringing harmony to your code.

You're pretty anxious about your job interview - let's say a level 10 anxiety. But then you do some deep breathing exercises, which helps you halve your anxiety level. The '/=' operator helps you reflect that change in your code.

The Modulus Assignment Operator '%='

Finally, we meet the quirky '%=' operator, the mystery novelist of the group. They're not about the whole story but the remainder, the leftovers, the little details others might overlook.

Look at this:

You have 10 books to distribute equally among your 3 friends. Everyone gets 3, and you're left with 1 book. The '%=' operator is there to quickly calculate that remainder for you.

That's the end of our detailed exploration. I hope this underwater journey has provided you with a greater appreciation and understanding of these remarkable creatures. Remember, each operator, like a dolphin, has its unique abilities, and knowing how to utilize them effectively can greatly enhance your programming prowess.

Now, let's swerve away from the theoretical and deep-dive into the practical. After all, C assignment operators aren't just sparkling little seashells you collect and admire. They're more like versatile tools in your programming Swiss Army knife. So, let's carve out some real-world use cases for our cherished assignment operators.

Variable Initialization And Value Change

Assignment operators aren't just for show; they've got some moves. Take our plain and humble '='. It's the bread-and-butter operator used in variable initialization and value changes, helping your code be as versatile as a chameleon.

In this scenario, our friend '=' is doing double duty—initializing 'a' with the value 10 and then changing it to 20. Not flashy, but oh-so-vital.

Calculation Updates In Real-Time Applications

Assignment operators are like those awesome, multitasking waitstaff you see in busy restaurants, juggling multiple tables and orders while still managing to serve everyone with a smile. They are brilliant when you want to perform real-time updates to your data.

In this scenario, '+=' and '-=' are the maitre d' of our code-restaurant, updating the user's balance with each buy or sell order.

Running Totals And Averages

Assignment operators are great runners - they don't tire and always keep the tally running.

Here, the '+=' and '-=' operators keep a running tally of points, allowing the system to adjust to the ebbs and flows of the school year like a seasoned marathon runner pacing themselves.

Iterations In Loop Constructs

The '*=' and '/=' operators often lurk within loop constructs, handling iterations with the grace of a prima ballerina. They're the choreographers of your loops, making sure each iteration flows seamlessly into the next.

In this case, '/=' is the elegant dancer gracefully halving 'i' with each twirl across the dance floor (iteration).

Working With Remainders

And let's not forget our mysterious '%=', the detective of the bunch, always searching for the remainder, the evidence left behind.

Here, '%=' is the sleuth, determining whether a number is even or odd by examining the remainder when divided by 2.

So, these are just a few examples of how assignment operators flex their muscles in the real world. They're like superheroes, each with their unique powers, ready to assist you in writing clean, efficient, and understandable code. Use them wisely, and your code will be as smooth as a well-choreographed ballet.

Let's face it, even the best of us trip over our own feet sometimes. And when it comes to assignment operators in C, there are some pitfalls that could make you stumble. But don't worry! We've all been there. Let's shed some light on these common mistakes so we can step over them with the grace of a ballet dancer leaping over a pit of snapping alligators.

Confusing Assignment With Equality

A surprisingly common misstep is confusing the assignment operator '=' with the equality operator '=='. It's like mixing up salt with sugar while baking. Sure, they might look similar, but one will definitely not sweeten your cake.

In this snippet, instead of checking if 'a' equals 10, we've assigned 'a' the value 10. The compiler will happily let this pass and might even give you a standing ovation for your comedy of errors. The correct approach?

Overlooking Operator Precedence

C operators are a bit like the characters in "Game of Thrones." They've got a complex hierarchy and they respect the rule of precedence. Sometimes, this can lead to unexpected results. For instance, check out this bit of misdirection:

Here, '/=' doesn't immediately divide 'a' by 2. It waits for the multiplication to happen (due to operator precedence), and then performs the operation. So it's actually doing a /= (2*5), not (a/=2)*5. It's like arriving late to a party and finding out all the pizza is gone. To ensure you get your slice, use parentheses:

Misusing Modulo With Floats

Ah, the modulo operator, always looking for the remainder. But when you ask it to work with floats, it gets as confused as a penguin in a desert. It simply can't compute.

Modulo and floats go together like oil and water. The solution? Stick to integers when dealing with '%='.

So there you have it. Some common missteps while dancing with assignment operators and the quick moves to avoid them. Just remember, every great coder has tripped before. The key is to keep your chin up, learn from your stumbles, and soon you'll be waltzing with assignment operators like a seasoned pro.

Alright, amigos! It's time to put your newfound knowledge to the test. After all, becoming a master in the art of C assignment operators is not a walk in the park, it's a marathon run on a stony path with occasional dance-offs. So brace yourselves and let's get those brain cells pumping.

Exercise 1: The Shy Variable

Your task here is to write a C program that initializes an integer variable to 10. Then, using only assignment operators, make that variable as shy as a teenager at their first dance. I mean, reduce it to zero without directly assigning it to zero. You might want to remember the '/=' operator here. He's like the high school wallflower who can suddenly breakdance like a champ when the music starts playing.

Exercise 2: Sneaky Increment

The '+=' operator is like the mischievous friend who always pushes you into the spotlight when you least expect it. Create a program that initializes an integer to 0. Then, using a loop and our sneaky '+=' friend, increment that variable until it's equal to 100. Here's the catch: You can't use '+=' with anything greater than 1. It's a slow and steady race to the finish line!

Exercise 3: Modulo Madness

Remember the modulo operator? It's like the friend who always knows how much pizza is left over after a party. Create a program that counts from 1 to 100. But here's the twist: for every number that's divisible by 3, print "Fizz", and for every number divisible by 5, print "Buzz". If a number is divisible by both 3 and 5, print "FizzBuzz". For all other numbers, just print the number. This will help you get better acquainted with our friend '%='.

Exercise 4: Swapping Values

Create a program that swaps the values of two variables without using a third temporary variable. Remember, your only allies here are the assignment operators. This is like trying to switch places on the dance floor without stepping on anyone's toes.

Exercise 5: Converting Fahrenheit To Celsius

Let's play with the ' =' operator. Write a program that converts a temperature in Fahrenheit to Celsius. The formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius is (Fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9 . As a challenge, try doing the conversion in a single line using the '-=', ' =' and '/=' operators. It's like preparing a complicated dinner recipe using only a few simple steps.

Remember, practice makes perfect, especially when it comes to mastering C assignment operators. Don't be disheartened if you stumble, just dust yourself off and try again. Because as the saying goes, "The master has failed more times than the beginner has even tried". So, good luck, and happy coding!

References and Further Reading

So, you've reached the end of this riveting journey through the meadows of C assignment operators. It's been quite a ride, hasn't it? We've shared laughs, shed tears, and hopefully, we've learned a thing or two. But remember, the end of one journey marks the beginning of another. It's like eating at a buffet – you might be done with the pasta, but there's still the sushi to try! So, here are some materials to sink your teeth into for the next course of your coding feast.

1. The C Programming Language by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie

This book, also known as 'K&R' after its authors, is the definitive guide to C programming. It's like the "Godfather" of programming books – deep, powerful, and a little intimidating at times. But hey, we all know that the best lessons come from challenging ourselves.

2. Expert C Programming by Peter van der Linden

Consider this book as the "Star Wars" to the "Godfather" of 'K&R'. It has a bit more adventure and a lot of real-world applications to keep you engaged. Not to mention some rather amusing footnotes.

3. C Programming Absolute Beginner's Guide by Greg Perry and Dean Miller

This one's for you if you're still feeling a bit wobbly on your C programming legs. Think of it as a warm hug from a friend who's been there and done that. It's simple, straightforward, and gently walks you through the concepts.

4. The Pragmatic Programmer by Andrew Hunt and David Thomas

Even though it's not about C specifically, this book is a must-read for any serious programmer. It's like a mentor who shares all their best tips and tricks for mastering the craft. It's filled with practical advice and real-life examples to help you on your programming journey.

This is a great online resource for interactive C tutorials. It's like your favorite video game, but it's actually helping you become a better programmer.

6. Cprogramming.com

This website has a vast collection of articles, tutorials, and quizzes on C programming. It's like an all-you-can-eat buffet for your hungry, coding mind.

Remember, every master was once a beginner, and every beginner can become a master. So, keep reading, keep practicing, and keep coding. And most importantly, don't forget to have fun while you're at it. After all, as Douglas Adams said, "I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be." Here's to ending up where you need to be in your coding journey!

As our immersive journey into C Assignment Operators culminates, we've unraveled the nuanced details of these powerful tools. From fundamental syntax to intricate applications, C Assignment Operators have showcased their indispensability in coding. Equipped with this newfound understanding, it's time for you to embark on your coding adventures, mastering the digital realm with the prowess of C Assignment Operators!

Which C assignment operator adds a value to a variable?

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Assignment Operators in C

Operators are a fundamental part of all the computations that computers perform. Today we will learn about one of them known as Assignment Operators in C. Assignment Operators are used to assign values to variables. The most common assignment operator is = . Assignment Operators are Binary Operators.

Types of Assignment Operators in C

Here is a list of the assignment operators that you can find in the C language:

• basic assignment ( = )
• subtraction assignment ( -= )
• addition assignment ( += )
• division assignment ( /= )
• multiplication assignment ( *= )
• modulo assignment ( %= )
• bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= )
• bitwise OR assignment ( |= )
• bitwise AND assignment ( &= )
• bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= )
• bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= )

Working of Assignment Operators in C

This is the complete list of all assignment operators in C. To read the meaning of operator please keep in mind the above example.

Example for Assignment Operators in C

Basic assignment ( = ) :

Subtraction assignment ( -= ) :

Addition assignment ( += ) :

Division assignment ( /= ) :

Multiplication assignment ( *= ) :

Modulo assignment ( %= ) :

Bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= ) :

Bitwise OR assignment ( |= ) :

Bitwise AND assignment ( &= ) :

Bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= ) :

Bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= ) :

This is the detailed explanation of all the assignment operators in C that we have. Hopefully, This is clear to you.

Practice Problems on Assignment Operators in C

1. what will be the value of a after the following code is executed.

A) 10 B) 11 C) 12 D) 15

Answer – C. 12 Explanation: a starts at 10, increases by 5 to 15, then decreases by 3 to 12. So, a is 12.

2. After executing the following code, what is the value of num ?

A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32

Answer: C) 16 Explanation: After right-shifting 8 (binary 1000) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 16 (binary 10000).

Q. How does the /= operator function? Is it a combination of two other operators?

A. The /= operator is a compound assignment operator in C++. It divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. It is equivalent to using the / operator and then the = operator separately.

Q. What is the most basic operator among all the assignment operators available in the C language?

A. The most basic assignment operator in the C language is the simple = operator, which is used for assigning a value to a variable.

• Assignment operators are used to assign the result of an expression to a variable.
• There are two types of assignment operators in C. Simple assignment operator and compound assignment operator.
• Compound Assignment operators are easy to use and the left operand of expression needs not to write again and again.
• They work the same way in C++ as in C.

Assignment and shorthand assignment operator in C

Quick links.

• Shorthand assignment

Assignment operator is used to assign value to a variable (memory location). There is a single assignment operator = in C. It evaluates expression on right side of = symbol and assigns evaluated value to left side the variable.

For example consider the below assignment table.

The RHS of assignment operator must be a constant, expression or variable. Whereas LHS must be a variable (valid memory location).

Shorthand assignment operator

C supports a short variant of assignment operator called compound assignment or shorthand assignment. Shorthand assignment operator combines one of the arithmetic or bitwise operators with assignment operator.

For example, consider following C statements.

The above expression a = a + 2 is equivalent to a += 2 .

Similarly, there are many shorthand assignment operators. Below is a list of shorthand assignment operators in C.

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What is the difference between = (Assignment) and == (Equal to) operators

The “ = ” is an assignment operator used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. 

For example:

Example:  

== operator

The ‘==’ operator checks whether the two given operands are equal or not. If so, it returns true. Otherwise it returns false. 

The differences can be shown in tabular form as follows:

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Assignment Operator in C

Using assignment operators, we can assign value to the variables.

Equality sign (=) is used as an assignment operator in C.

Here, value 5 has assigned to the variable var.

Here, value of a has assigned to the variable b . Now, both a and b will hold value 10 .

Basically, the value of right-side operand will be assigned to the left side operand.

Pictorial Explanation

Compound assignment operators

Sample Program

Operators in C Programming

Table of contents

What is operator, sample code, sample code.

An Operator in computer programming is a symbol that helps us to perform mathematical and logical operations. We have 6 types of operators in C

Arithmetic Operators

Relational operators, logical operators, bitwise operators, assignment operators, misc operators, video explaination.

Now we will learn every type of operator in detail. Let's get started :

As the name suggests Arithmetic Operators helps us to perform arithmetic operations in c Programming. Look at the table to get more ideas about Arithmetic Operators.

Relational Operators helps us to figure out certain relations between two operands. It returns true or false based on whether the condition is true or false. And in the C language true and false are represented by 1 and 0 respectively. Let's understand how to work with Relational Operators using the table below.

Logical Operators are used to checking the and , or and not conditions between two statements or operands. Let's look at the table.

As the name suggests bitwise operator returns the value by comparing two operands bit by bit after converting it to binary.

Let's understand with an example suppose a = 5, and b = 7; In binary A = 101 // 5 In binary B = 111 // 7 in binary Let's calculate A & B

Starting from right in A we have 1 and in b we have 1 it will return 1. Second place A it's 0 B it's 1 hence 0. Now third and last place it's 1 in A and 1 in B so the result will be 1. Finally, we have our result as 101 which again in decimal would be 5.

So A & B will result in 5.

There are some more bitwise operators but we don't use them usually. These are One's Complement Operator ~ , Binary Left Shift Operator << and Binary Right Shift Operator >> .

Simple Assignment Operators is = which is used to assign values to variables in a programming language. for example. a = 3 . We are assigning value to 3 to variable a. but assignment variable can also be used with Arithmetic and Bitwise operators let's look at the example.

There are also some miscellaneous operators in C.

These are all the operators we can use in c to write programs. I hope I have cleared all the doubts related to operators in C. If you still have any doubts regarding operators or this article just comment down. And do checkout my youtube channel.

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Mastering the Null-Coalescing Operator in C#

• Jitendra Mesavaniya
• Jun 30, 2024
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Learn how to efficiently handle null values in C# using the null-coalescing operator. This guide covers the syntax, practical applications, and advanced techniques to enhance your programming skills.

Handling null values efficiently is a common requirement in software development. C# offers powerful tools to manage nulls, including the null-coalescing operator (??). This article explores the null-coalescing operator, its benefits, and how it can simplify and enhance your code.

Table of Contents

• Introduction to Null-Coalescing Operator

Basic Usage of Null-Coalescing Operator

Combining with null-conditional operator, chaining null-coalescing operators, the null-coalescing assignment operator, practical examples.

• Traditional Null Handling vs. Null-Coalescing Operator

Introduction

The null-coalescing operator (??) in C# allows you to provide a default value for an expression that might be null. This operator simplifies the handling of null values, making your code more readable and less error-prone.

The syntax of the null-coalescing operator is straightforward.

In this example, displayName is assigned the value "Guest" because the name is null.

The null-conditional operator (?.) can be used with the null-coalescing operator to safely navigate through potential null references.

In this example, a person.Address?.The city evaluates to null, so "Unknown" is returned.

You can chain multiple null-coalescing operators to provide multiple fallback values.

In this example, firstNonNullName is assigned the first non-null value in the chain, which is "John".

Introduced in C# 8.0, the null-coalescing assignment operator (??=) assigns a value to a variable if it is currently null.

Here, the name is assigned "Default Name" because it was initially null.

Example 1. Default Configuration.

Example 2. Safe Navigation with Fallback

Traditional Null Handling vs. Null-Coalescing Operator  

Traditional approach.

Before these operators were available, handling null values required explicit null checks, which could be verbose and cumbersome.

Modern Approach

With the null-coalescing operator and null-conditional operator, the same logic becomes much simpler and more readable.

The null-coalescing operator (??) and its companion, the null-coalescing assignment operator (??=), provide powerful and concise ways to handle null values in C#. They significantly reduce the boilerplate code needed for null checks and make your code more readable and maintainable. By mastering these operators, you can write cleaner, more robust C# code that efficiently handles null values.

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Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Python divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators

Python Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

Python Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

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Python Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

Python Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

Python Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:

Python Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:

Python Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:

Operator Precedence

Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed.

Parentheses has the highest precedence, meaning that expressions inside parentheses must be evaluated first:

Multiplication * has higher precedence than addition + , and therefor multiplications are evaluated before additions:

The precedence order is described in the table below, starting with the highest precedence at the top:

If two operators have the same precedence, the expression is evaluated from left to right.

Addition + and subtraction - has the same precedence, and therefor we evaluate the expression from left to right:

Test Yourself With Exercises

Multiply 10 with 5 , and print the result.

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