sport dangerous essay

IELTS Writing Task 2 Topic: Dangerous Sports

Updated On Feb 26, 2024

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IELTS Writing Prediction Questions for 2024

The Essay Writing section of the IELTS Writing Module can be a difficult task for many IELTS Aspirants. Thus, it is vital that you polish your essay writing skills before attempting the IELTS.

Below is a sample IELTS Essay for the IELTS Essay topic:

Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think people should have freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

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Discussion essay

Introduction

• Paraphrase the topic of the discussion.
• Give a clear insight into the gist of the essay and what one could expect from the same.
• Paragraph 1- Advocates of banning certain sports may argue that their inherently dangerous nature may threaten lives. As extreme conditions are a prerequisite for these sports, risks like equipment failure render players more vulnerable than in other sports.
• Paragraph 2- , I believe that people should have the autonomy to play any sports they want, regardless of their danger. This is because they can already decide for themselves whether to take part in several dangerous non-sport activities. If personal freedom is championed with regard to things like alcohol, one can argue that it should be extended to sporting pursuits as well. Instead of an outright ban on extreme sports, I believe there are ways to mitigate the risks attached to them. Sports associations could impose an age limit for extreme athletes to ensure only people who are fully developed physically are allowed to participate.

Conclude the essay by providing an inference made from the essay.

Sample Essay

It is a common belief that we should strictly prohibit  extreme sports due to the huge number of risks involved. In this essay, I am going to demonstrate that risk factors are present in all sports before suggesting that people should have the right to play any sports they want.

Advocates of banning certain sports may argue that their inherently dangerous nature may threaten lives. As extreme conditions are a prerequisite for these sports, risks like equipment failure render players more vulnerable than in other sports. For example, skydivers who freefall from enormous altitudes seem more prone to injuries or even death than players of ordinary sports. It not only imperils the lives of the people undergoing the severities post such injuries or mishappenings but also curbs one’s harmony as at times, the players may be rendered distraught and traumatized for life. This, as they say, is a clear lack of prudence and safety measures for the people participating in such sports.

In contrast, I believe that people should have the autonomy to play any sports they want, regardless of their danger. This is because they can already decide for themselves whether to take part in several dangerous non-sport activities. For example, those who reach the legal drinking age are free to purchase alcohol, the excessive consumption of which may have fatal consequences . If personal freedom is championed with regard to things like alcohol, one can argue that it should be extended to sporting pursuits as well. Instead of an outright ban on extreme sports, I believe there are ways to mitigate the risks attached to  them. Sports associations could impose an age limit for extreme athletes to ensure only people who are fully developed physically are allowed to participate. Another solution is to bar players from practising or competing without the necessary protective gear. These measures would strike a happy medium without intruding on people’s personal freedom.

In conclusion, I believe people a re entitled to play dangerous sports if they want, and certain restrictions in lieu of a ban would help ease the safety concerns.

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The media commonly provides a barrage of news about dangerous sports as the deaths and injuries associated with them often make for spectacular headlines . As a result, some people have argued that all extreme sports should be banned, although I would argue that such a policy would be out of all proportion to the real risks involved.

Those in favour of prohibiting people from taking part in dangerous sports tend to focus on the risk element. Even when individuals may be physically and mentally prepared to participate in extreme sports activities, and even when they have all the right gear, the dangers are potentially existing . To take an example, some sports are challenging and fraught with danger as BASE jumping. Participants hurl themselves off cliffs, and few escape without suffering severe bruising or acute abdominal pains, which normally last for several days. In addition, although sports equipment rarely malfunctions, this may still happen and the consequences may be fatal. The supporters of legislation to ban dangerous sports argue that such tragic outcomes not only affect the individual victims, but also leave mental scars that their families then have to live with for the rest of their lives.

However, I support the view of those who contend that participation in extreme sports must be a matter of personal choice. Firstly, overcoming physical challenges may be a springboard for positive personal transformation. It may make a person stronger and more determined, and the experience may be a life-changing one. Secondly, the rigours of preparation in order to go mountain-climbing, white-water rafting or other such extremely strenuous activities demand that an individual is in the peak of health and physical condition. Finally, there is an ethical aspect that dictates that a person should have the freedom to pursue the challenges which they set themselves, even though this may involve a level of risk which others might find unacceptable.

In conclusion, while acknowledging the real risks, I would defend the right of any individual to take part in the extreme sport of their choice.

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Effective IELTS Essay Connectors for Writing Task 2 & Task 1

Janet had been an IELTS Trainer before she dived into the field of Content Writing. During her days of being a Trainer, Janet had written essays and sample answers which got her students an 8+ band in the IELTS Test. Her contributions to our articles have been engaging and simple to help the students understand and grasp the information with ease. Janet, born and brought up in California, had no idea about the IELTS until she moved to study in Canada. Her peers leaned to her for help as her first language was English.

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Akanksha Tripathi

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Posted on Dec 28, 2023

Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think people should have freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

Some people believe that goverment should ban dangerous sports, while other agrue that everyone should have freedom to practice any sports or activity. In this essay i am going to discuss why people want goverment to ban this sport and also why other people argue against this opinion.

Firstly, people want goverment to ban dangerous sports because some sports like wrestling, kick boxing and many other can cause a permanent physical as well as mental injury to person who is participating in the activity. For example recently in kick boxing tournament one of the player got hit on the back of the neck and was paralyzed and it took about 2 year for him to recover from that, even after 2 years he is not fully recovered and won’t be able to practice the sport anymore. Another reason is that this sports are broadcasted worldwide so young ones who are watching this shows, amy get influenced in a negative way and possibly adapt a violent nature.

Moving forward, To the people who argue that this sport should not be ban and everyone should have freedom to choose activity of their choice. One of the major reason this sports are encouraged is the betting market. where people put money on the winning horse, let’s take example to understand this better. Now if there is a fight between person A and B, than people will put money on them on the basis of winning probablity .

In conclusion, I believe that yes everyone has a right to choose sport they want to play but goverment should put certain restrictions and established strict regulations. S o life of person practicing that sport is not in danger and parents should also monitor what kind of media content their children’s are consuming to prevent negative impact on them.

IELTS Expert

Posted on Jan 2, 2024

Overall Band: 4 Main ideas are difficult to identify and such ideas that are identifiable lack relevance, clarity and support. Large parts of the response are repetitive. Relationships between ideas is unclear and inadequately marked. There is some use of basic cohesive devices, which is mechanical.

To Get more Insights on IELTS Writing, Avail a FREE 1:1 Demo Class with Our Expert Trainer here and Get a FREE BAND 9 Sample answer too.

Posted on Dec 1, 2021

While some people endorse the idea that highly risky sports should be prohibited by the government, I disagree with this position and support the opposite party that praises freedom over security.

Proponents of banning dangerous sporty activities might state that this would significantly affect the well-being of our society and environment. Firstly, their approach would protect the sportspeople from injuries and — in the worst case — death. Secondly, bypassers would be protected, especially when it comes to forms of sport that are performed in a public area and pose a constant risk for people staying there. Lastly, forbidding dangerous sports that take place in nature, like rock climbing, could help to reduce damages on flora and fauna.

Whereas these alleged outcomes sound promising at first sight, no prove can be furnished that illegalizing these sports would actually lead to people ceasing them. It is more probable, that they would continue practicing their hobby furtively. This will not lessen but increase the danger of their activities due to the lack of proper supervision. Furthermore, this question bears an ethical aspect, since we live in a highly individualized society, where personal freedom is a much valued moral concept. Therefore, implementing the suggested restraint would contradict our modern ideals. For these reasons suppressing specific sports completely is not an option, but it should be considered to set stricter regulations to them, comparable to the laws on the acquisition and use of weapons. Conceivable restrictions may be a specific training or license compulsory for exercising in this field.

To conclude, even if there are arguments for a comprehensive interdiction of sports which are highly risky, they can not outweigh the disadvantages. Instead of banning these sports it would be more effective to impose some conditions on their practice.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Answer: Extreme Sports (Real IELTS Test)

by Dave | Real Past Tests | 3 Comments

This is an IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Answer Essay related to extreme sports from the real IELTS test.

This question was fun to write about – read it below!

If you are able, please consider supporting my efforts (and receiving exclusive IELTS Ebooks!) by signing up for my Patreon here .

Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very dangerous and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view? Real Past IELTS Tests

The increasing popularity of so-called extreme sports such as base jumping and rock climbing have led to backlash calling for them to be banned. Although these sports are potentially fatal, they should not be banned as they are also fun and can be undertaken responsibly.

The reason that many have demanded limits on extreme sports is their potential for injury and death. Take for example one of the most notorious extreme sports: base jumping. In this sport, participants jump off a given point (a cliff or building, for example) with a parachute. There is very little time before they hit the ground so unforeseen parachute malfunctions are possible and the fatality rate is extremely high. Those that do not die may suffer severe, debilitating injuries such as paralysis and brain damage. Base jumping is something of an outlier on the spectrum of dangerous sports but all these sports involve varying degrees of danger.

Despite the aforementioned concerns, I believe the fun people have outweighs potential injury when they are cautious. Base jumping is the most perilous extreme sport but other sports such as skiing, deep-sea diving, and rock climbing are relatively safe. Rock climbing is a good example of a sport that can be very safe and fun if proper precautions are taken. You should sign up for training and go with someone who knows how to safely rig up the harness and tie the requisite knots. Many people who try it end up become passionate rock climbers because it is an exhilirating experience. Most extreme sports, taken seriously, present little real danger and are an enjoyable pasttime.

In conclusion, extreme sports are fun and do not have to be particularly dangerous. People should take the opportunity to responsibly try out at least one extreme sport in their lives in order to see if it is to their liking.

1. The increasing popularity of so-called extreme sports such as base jumping and rock climbing have led to backlash calling for them to be banned. 2. Although these sports are potentially fatal, they should not be banned as they are also fun and can be undertaken responsibly.

• Paraphrase the overall topic – don’t spend too much time on this simple sentence.
• Give your opinion and make it clear.

1. The reason that many have demanded limits on extreme sports is their potential for injury and death. 2. Take for example one of the most notorious extreme sports: base jumping. 3. In this sport, participants jump off a given point (a cliff or building, for example) with a parachute. 4. There is very little time before they hit the ground so unforeseen parachute malfunctions are possible and the fatality rate is extremely high. 5. Those that do not die may suffer severe, debilitating injuries such as paralysis and brain damage. 6. Base jumping is something of an outlier on the spectrum of dangerous sports but all these sports involve varying degrees of danger.

• Write about the other side first.
• Begin your example for your main idea right away.
• Develop the same example.
• Keep developing it, don’t switch to a new example.
• Add as much detail as you can to you example.
• Generalise from your example with your last sentence.

1. Despite the aforementioned concerns, I believe the fun people have outweighs potential injury when they are cautious. 2. Base jumping is the most perilous extreme sport but other sports such as skiing, deep-sea diving, and rock climbing are relatively safe. 3. Rock climbing is a good example of a sport that can be very safe and fun if proper precautions are taken. 4. You should sign up for training and go with someone who knows how to safely rig up the harness and tie the requisite knots. 5. Many people who try it end up become passionate rock climbers because it is an exhilirating experience. 6. Most extreme sports, taken seriously, present little real danger and are an enjoyable pasttime.

• Talk about the side that you agree with in your third paragraph.
• Focus on a different example.
• Develop your new example.
• The more specific the details you include, the higher your task achievement and vocabulary scores.
• Include the result of your example.
• Conclude your paragraph by tieing it back to your main idea.

1. In conclusion, extreme sports are fun and do not have to be particularly dangerous. 2. People should take the opportunity to responsibly try out at least one extreme sport in their lives in order to see if it is to their liking.

• Repeat your opinion.
• Add in an extra detail or final thought.

Try to figure out what the words in bold mean:

The increasing popularity of so-called extreme sports such as base jumping and rock climbing have led to backlash calling for them to be banned. Although these sports are potentially fatal , they should not be banned as they are also fun and can be undertaken responsibly .

The reason that many have demanded limits on extreme sports is their potential for injury and death. Take for example one of the most notorious extreme sports: base jumping. In this sport, participants jump off a given point (a cliff or building, for example) with a parachute . There is very little time before they hit the ground so unforeseen parachute malfunctions are possible and the fatality rate is extremely high. Those that do not die may suffer severe, debilitating injuries such as paralysis and brain damage . Base jumping is something of an outlier on the spectrum of dangerous sports but all these sports involve varying degrees of danger.

Despite the aforementioned concerns , I believe the fun people have outweighs potential injury when they are cautious . Base jumping is the most perilous extreme sport but other sports such as skiing, deep-sea diving, and rock climbing are relatively safe . Rock climbing is a good example of a sport that can be very safe and fun if proper precautions are taken. You should sign up for training and go with someone who knows how to safely rig up the harness and tie the requisite knots . Many people who try it end up become passionate rock climbers because it is an exhilirating experience . Most extreme sports, taken seriously , present little real danger and are an enjoyable pasttime .

In conclusion, extreme sports are fun and do not have to be particularly dangerous. People should take the opportunity to responsibly try out at least one extreme sport in their lives in order to see if it is to their liking .

increasing popularity more and more common

so-called allegedly

base jumping jumping from a low point with a parachute

backlash calling for people objecting to

potentially fatal could kill you

undertaken responsibly done with care

demanded limits regulated

take for example consider the instance of

notorious infamous

participants people taking part in

given point a random spot

parachute opens to save your life after jumping….

unforeseen can’t be predicted

malfunctions doesn’t work

fatality rate the number of people hurt/dying

debilitating injuries handicapped

paralysis can’t move

brain damage mental handicaps

outlier outside the norm

spectrum the full range of

varying degrees different levels

aforementioned concerns what was mentioned before

outweighs is stronger than

cautious careful

perilous dangerous

relatively safe somewhat risk-free

proper precautions well-prepared

sign up for joining

rig up set up/get read for

harness holds you when climbing

requisite knots what you must tie to climb

end up finally

passionate love for

exhilirating experience exciting time

taken seriously not treated lightly

present little real danger not actually that risky

enjoyable pasttime fun hobby

responsibly try out take seriously

to their liking what they like

Pronunciation

ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ ˌpɒpjʊˈlærɪti   ˈsəʊˈkɔːld   beɪs ˈʤʌmpɪŋ   ˈbæklæʃ ˈkɔːlɪŋ fɔː   pəʊˈtɛnʃəli ˈfeɪtl ˌʌndəˈteɪkən rɪsˈpɒnsəbli dɪˈmɑːndɪd ˈlɪmɪts   teɪk fɔːr ɪgˈzɑːmpl   nəʊˈtɔːrɪəs   pɑːˈtɪsɪpənts   ˈgɪvn pɔɪnt   ˈpærəʃuːt ˌʌnfɔːˈsiːn   mælˈfʌŋkʃənz   fəˈtælɪti reɪt   dɪˈbɪlɪteɪtɪŋ ˈɪnʤəriz   pəˈrælɪsɪs   breɪn ˈdæmɪʤ ˈaʊtˌlaɪə   ˈspɛktrəm   ˈveəriɪŋ dɪˈgriːz   əˌfɔːˈmɛnʃənd kənˈsɜːnz aʊtˈweɪz   ˈkɔːʃəs ˈpɛrɪləs   ˈrɛlətɪvli seɪf ˈprɒpə prɪˈkɔːʃənz   saɪn ʌp fɔː   rɪg ʌp   ˈhɑːnɪs   ˈrɛkwɪzɪt nɒts ɛnd ʌp   ˈpæʃənɪt   ɪgˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ ɪksˈpɪərɪəns ˈteɪkən ˈsɪərɪəsli ˈprɛznt ˈlɪtl rɪəl ˈdeɪnʤə   ɪnˈʤɔɪəbl pɑːstaɪm rɪsˈpɒnsəbli traɪ aʊt   tuː ðeə ˈlaɪkɪŋ

Vocabulary Practice

Remember and fill in the blanks with the vocabulary:

The ______________ of ______________ extreme sports such as ______________ and rock climbing have led to ______________ them to be banned. Although these sports are ______________ , they should not be banned as they are also fun and can be ______________ .

The reason that many have ______________ on extreme sports is their potential for injury and death. ______________ one of the most ______________ extreme sports: base jumping. In this sport, ______________ jump off a ______________ (a cliff or building, for example) with a ______________ . There is very little time before they hit the ground so ______________ parachute ______________ are possible and the ______________ is extremely high. Those that do not die may suffer severe, ______________ such as ______________ and ______________ . Base jumping is something of an ______________ on the ______________ of dangerous sports but all these sports involve ______________ of danger.

Despite the ______________ , I believe the fun people have ______________ potential injury when they are ______________ . Base jumping is the most ______________ extreme sport but other sports such as skiing, deep-sea diving, and rock climbing are ______________ . Rock climbing is a good example of a sport that can be very safe and fun if ______________ are taken. You should ______________ training and go with someone who knows how to safely ______________ the ______________ and tie the ______________ . Many people who try it ______________ become ______________ rock climbers because it is an ______________ . Most extreme sports, ______________ , ______________ and are an ______________ .

In conclusion, extreme sports are fun and do not have to be particularly dangerous. People should take the opportunity to ______________ at least one extreme sport in their lives in order to see if it is ______________ .

Listening Practice

Watch the video below to review about this topic:

Reading Practice

Read the article below to learn about the first extreme sport from the video above:

https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/602047/fast-horse/

Student Sample Corrections

Read the corrections below to get some idea of your own score . Sign up for corrections here .

Recent years have witnessed the proliferation of extreme sports such as sky diving and base jumping as a form of recreational activities activity among youngsters. While it is often suggested that these dangerous sports should be prohibited for its their potentially deleterious effect s on players, I personally object to that idea because of the indisputable benefits these sports offer. [G1]  

On the one hand, opponents of adventure sports come up with numerous reasons why these sports should be banned. [G2]  First, since the inherently dangerous nature of extreme sports is life-threatening and traumatic, participants are bound to encounter serious injuries such as bone fracture s , head trauma and even fatal ities situations . For example, indulging in skiing down a slope at great speed or jumping off a cliff could cost players’ invaluable lives could cost someone their life in case of a slight est carelessness or equipment malfunction. Furthermore, if extreme sports athletets suffer from permanent physical handicaps, they will become burdens for their families and society because extra medical welfare shall be allocated for them. A reported heart-wrenching story of a father who lost his legs in a car race, leaving all financial burdens and responsibilities on the mother can be is a salient example for why these sports should be banned.   [G3]  

Notwithstan d ing the aforementioned arguments, I concur that adventure sports should be welcomed more are to be embraced . It has been scientically proven that engaging in any dangerous sports could can bolster participants’ personal lives happiness and mentality mental well-being . In fact, when by overcoming nerve-racking moments and conquering their own fears, players could can feel a sense of achievement and satisfaction, which adds to their personal experience and boosts their courage and self-esteem. For instance, a rock climber who has conquered Everest might mark that as his the most significant milestone and take pride in this accomplishment for his whole life. Another salient point [G4]  to clarify my view is that it is a human right to freely partake in any recreational activit y ies . If a person is willing to risk his life for an extreme sport to satisfy his desire, the endeavor of prohibiting those sports from governments will be merely in vain since he would likely secretly play engage in it elsewhere. [G5]  

To conclude, though the prohibition of adventure sports does appear plausible to some extent, I would argue that partici p ation in these sports offers far more enormous benefits and thus, should be encouraged. As long as players are fully well -equipped, well-trained and mentally prepared for the challenges of these risky sports, they can live their dreams and enjoy them to the fullest. [G6]  

Task achievement: 8

Lots of good support for both of your main ideas and a clear overall opinion. Your support was more concrete, specific and for one paragraph you focused on one main idea – well done!

Cohesion/coherence 8

Clear throughout and good referencing, ellipsis and paragraphing. You might want to look into theme/rheme which is the principle that in English writing is clearer if you put the topic/old information at the beginning of a sentence and what you want to say about it in the second part of the sentence (as in the last sentence of paragraph 2). Otherwise great!

Vocabulary 7

Great vocabulary throughout – good enough for band 8 but a few too many mistakes and poor word choice bring this down to a 7 this time.

Complex sentences great as usual but mistakes in almost every sentence and some simple ones with modal and articles bring this down to a 7.

  [G1] Great introduction!

  [G2] Good clear topic sentence and you develop that one main idea for the entire paragraph – well done!

  [G3] Swap around to make it: a salient example that supports banning these sports is…

  [G4] Salient is a great word but don’t use it in both paragraphs – try noteworthy

  [G5] Can’t fully develop this second main idea, so why have it at all?

  [G6] Perfect conclusion – how long is it taking you to write these? They are a little long…

Comment your questions/thoughts below!

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this sounds kinda hard tbh how am I gonna do it.

The sports?

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Essay 229 – Dangerous sports should be banned

Gt writing task 2 / essay sample # 229.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people say that dangerous sports should be banned since they are deadly and life-threatening.

Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model Answer:

The growing popularity of dangerous sports has sparked a heated debate and many people insist on prohibiting life-threatening sports. I think otherwise and believe that it is the right of an individual to choose whatever sporting activity she or he wants.

The reason why a ban on adventurous yet risky sports is warranted is that these sports contain the potential hazard to athletes. Even a slight fault can ruin one’s life. An athlete can die if the parachute fails to open, for example, when he or she takes part in skydiving. A case in point is a 17-year-old US skydiver named John Nikola, whose parachute failed to open, plummeted 2000 metre to the ground and got killed instantaneously. In addition to the grave risk, these sports also encourage violent behaviour, thereby desensitizing society to dangerous activities. Therefore, opponents of dangerous sports urge the government to ban these sports.

The proponents of extreme sports have some valid arguments. Human rights and freedom, according to them, are violated by imposing such a ban on dangerous sports. They go on arguing that since athletes are keenly aware of menace from adventure sports, they should have the liberty to choose any activity or sport they find suitable for them. Besides, almost every sport possesses a risk to an extent. If the government prohibits all potentially risky sports, then there will be limited opportunity for individual’s choice and freedom, which ultimately undermines democratic values. Therefore, extreme sports should not be banned so as to exercise players’ democratic rights.

In conclusion, I believe that preventing individuals from participating in extreme sports due to the potential of inflicting fatal wounds is unjustifiable. People should have the freedom of choice to pursue their favourite adventurous sports. If an act does not cross others’ rights, a person has the rights to do it.

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Essay 37:  Why do people take part in dangerous sports?

Some sports are extremely dangerous but many people still like them very much. Why do people take part in dangerous sports? Give some suggestions on how to deal with these dangers.

Exploring the allure of dangerous sports: strategies for risk management.

In today’s society, certain sports are regarded as exceedingly perilous, yet a significant number of individuals find immense pleasure in participating in them. This prompts an intriguing question: why do people willingly engage in dangerous sports? This essay aims to explore the reasons behind this phenomenon and provide viable suggestions on how to effectively address the associated risks.

To begin with, the allure of dangerous sports can be attributed to the thrill and adrenaline rush they offer. Many individuals are inherently drawn to high-risk activities due to the exhilaration and excitement they experience during such endeavors. Engaging in dangerous sports allows them to push their physical and mental boundaries, thereby providing a sense of accomplishment and a surge of self-confidence. The adrenaline-fueled moments in these sports can create an addictive rush that keeps individuals coming back for more.

Furthermore, the popularity of dangerous sports can also be linked to the desire for personal growth and self-discovery. Engaging in such sports demands immense courage, determination, and perseverance. By overcoming the challenges and fears associated with these activities, individuals are able to develop valuable life skills, including discipline, resilience, and the ability to manage risk. Moreover, participating in dangerous sports can be seen as a form of personal expression, enabling individuals to showcase their courage and daredevil spirit.

Despite the allure of dangerous sports, it is crucial to address the potential risks involved. Firstly, raising awareness about safety precautions and providing comprehensive training is paramount. Individuals who partake in dangerous sports must receive adequate guidance on proper techniques, equipment usage, and risk management. This can be achieved through the implementation of mandatory training programs and the involvement of qualified instructors. Additionally, disseminating information about the potential hazards and consequences associated with these sports can help individuals make informed decisions before participating.

Secondly, fostering a culture of safety within the sporting community is essential. Encouraging sports organizations and governing bodies to prioritize safety measures, such as implementing stricter regulations and regularly inspecting equipment, can significantly reduce the likelihood of accidents and injuries. Furthermore, organizing educational campaigns and public events aimed at promoting safety awareness among both participants and spectators can create a sense of collective responsibility toward risk prevention.

Lastly, the role of personal responsibility cannot be overlooked. Individuals should be encouraged to assess their own physical capabilities and limitations before engaging in dangerous sports. Engaging in regular physical fitness and conditioning, as well as seeking medical advice when necessary, can help individuals minimize the risks associated with these activities. Moreover, practicing good sportsmanship and respecting the rules and regulations set by governing bodies can contribute to a safer sporting environment.

In conclusion, participation in dangerous sports is a complex phenomenon driven by the thrill, personal growth, and self-expression they offer. To effectively deal with the associated dangers, a multi-faceted approach is required. This includes providing comprehensive training and awareness programs, promoting safety measures within the sporting community, and fostering personal responsibility among individuals. By striking a balance between adventure and safety, it is possible to enjoy the exhilaration of dangerous sports while minimizing the potential risks involved.

Addressing Dangers in Extreme Sports: Safety Measures and Personal Responsibility

In today’s society, there are certain sports that carry an inherent level of danger, yet they continue to captivate the interest and passion of many individuals. This prompts a thought-provoking question : why do people willingly participate in dangerous sports? This essay aims to explore the motivations behind this phenomenon and provide practical suggestions on how to effectively address the associated risks.

One of the key reasons why people engage in dangerous sports is the unparalleled sense of excitement and thrill they offer. These activities often push individuals beyond their comfort zones, inducing a surge of adrenaline and an extraordinary rush of emotions. The intense physical and mental challenges posed by dangerous sports create an electrifying experience that cannot be easily replicated in other aspects of life. Consequently, individuals who seek novelty and adventure are drawn to these sports as a means of fulfilling their desire for exhilaration.

Moreover, participation in dangerous sports is frequently driven by the human thirst for personal achievement and self-discovery. These sports demand a tremendous amount of courage, determination, and resilience. By overcoming the inherent risks and fears associated with these activities, individuals are able to develop invaluable life skills, including discipline, mental fortitude, and risk management abilities. Furthermore, engaging in dangerous sports can be viewed as a way to express one’s true character and showcase extraordinary feats of bravery.

Despite the undeniable allure of dangerous sports, it is crucial to address the potential dangers involved and ensure the safety of participants. Firstly, comprehensive education and awareness programs should be implemented. This entails disseminating information about the inherent risks, safety protocols, and precautionary measures associated with each specific sport. By equipping individuals with the necessary knowledge, they will be able to make informed decisions before embarking on these activities.

Secondly, enforcing stringent safety regulations and standards is paramount. Sports organizations and governing bodies should prioritize the development and implementation of rigorous safety protocols. This includes the mandatory use of appropriate protective gear and equipment, regular inspection and maintenance of facilities, and the presence of trained medical personnel at sporting events. By ensuring that safety measures are strictly adhered to, the potential risks can be minimized significantly.

Furthermore, fostering a culture of responsibility and accountability among participants is essential. Individuals should be encouraged to assess their own physical capabilities and limitations before engaging in dangerous sports. Regular physical conditioning and fitness training can help individuals enhance their strength and endurance, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents or injuries. Emphasizing the importance of respecting the rules and regulations set by governing bodies will also contribute to a safer sporting environment.

In conclusion, participation in dangerous sports is driven by the exhilaration, personal growth, and self-expression they offer. To effectively address the associated dangers, a multifaceted approach is required. This includes comprehensive education and awareness programs, stringent safety regulations, and fostering personal responsibility among participants. By striking a balance between the thrill of dangerous sports and ensuring the safety of individuals, we can continue to appreciate and engage in these activities while minimizing the potential risks involved.

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Home / IELTS, CAE, FCE Writing Samples / IELTS Writing Task 2: Danger of Extreme Sports

IELTS Writing Task 2: Danger of Extreme Sports

Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very dangerous and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

Safety First Many people claim that risky sports including skiing and sky diving should be prohibited. I oppose the aforementioned view and my reasons will be explained in the following paragraphs. First and foremost,it goes without saying that these two sport (1) are able to evoke astounding thrills and raise adrenaline. However, incidents occur primarily due to the lack of professional training (2) . Amateurs attempt to learn on their own without being aware of the risks they are exposing themselves to. Furthermore,accidents happen because of bold stunts performed by people searching for adventure. Special tricks demand  help and ideal conditions,otherwise they will convert into imminent failures (3) . In addition,a proper equipment is a necessity when it comes to plunging into such sports. A broken sky set or a rusty fly engine can ultimately trigger terrible repercussions to the people involved. On the top of that (4) ,skiing and sky diving represent a profitable area of investment. Therefore,governments in charge of these dangerous activities can spend in rural regions, thus contributing to the development and beauty of the site. (5) On the flip side, despite of making all required steps to ensure for a safe experience , nature remains a game changer (6) .Poor weather and sudden swifts have a tremendous impact on one’s life (7) .For instance,many wounds have led to disabilities and in less fortunate scenarios to death. Ex formula pilot,Michael,has suffered a head injury while skiing and since then he has been in coma despite countless medical interventions. To draw the conclusion,after weighting both sides of the argument I support the view that such sports should not become extinct irrespective of the public belief (8) .

The commentaries are marked in brackets with number (*). The numbered commentaries are found below. The part in  italics  is taken from the text, the word  underlined  is the suggested correction. Words in (brackets) are the suggested addition to the original phrase or sentence.

• Sport s — ‘sports’ is normally pluralised in British English. 
• Accidents occur — ‘incident’ is usually a more general term that can refer to both good and bad, planned and unplanned event. ‘Accident’ is something that happened by chance and is definitely something unpleasant. Later on in the text you use the right word. There’s a good article on the matter at espressoenglish.net.
•   Special tricks require  help and ideal conditions,otherwise they will imminently/inevitably turn into failures —  ‘demand’ sounds too imperative here; ‘turn into’ is more suitable than ‘convert into’   — the latter makes it sound more like a business transaction than a sports mishap. I also opted for adverb ‘imminently’. This way the idea of something turning into failure is easier to see in motion, instead of it being an ‘imminent failure’ from the beginning. This is not a mistake but more a matter of preference.
• On top of that —  ‘On top of that’ is an idiom, no article is needed here. 
• I couldn’t understand the connection between the last two sentences and the rest of the paragraph. Make sure there’s a clear progression of idea, the text is cohesive and easy to follow.
• On the flip side, despite ( in spite of ) making all required steps to ensure for a safe experience , nature remains a game changer  — it is either ‘despite’ or ‘in spite of’.
• ‘Swift’ as a noun means a certain species of bird. You must have meant something different here.
• To draw a conclusion,after weighting both sides of the argument I support the view that such sports should not become extinct irrespective of  public belief  — public opinion shouldn’t take an article because you mean public opinion in general; ‘to draw a conclusion’ is the normally used form; however, the phrase implies that you infer the conclusion from something that isn’t explicitly stated. In your case you are summing up your own writing, which means that the conclusion should be clear to you. See this article for clarification.

Despite the fact that this text has very nice examples of vocabulary and grammar, it remains fairly inconsistent with collocations and numerous vocabulary inaccuracies ( see #1-3; #6, #7) as well as occasional grammar mistakes. This could negatively affect the overall IELTS Writing score (see criteria of IELTS Writing assessment ).

Make sure you use words and phrases you are confident about, brush up your knowledge of articles , make sure all of your sentences contribute to the general idea of the paragraph they belong to.

What is IELTS Score?

IELTS score between 1 and 9 for each part of the test – Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. You can score whole (e.g., 5.0, 6.0, 7.0) or half (e.g., 5.5, 6.5, 7.5) bands in each part. Universities often demand an IELTS score of 6 or 7. They may also demand a minimum IELTS score in each of the 4 sections.

IELTS scoring system and band scale

The IELTS scoring system is very unique composed of 9 bands, measured in consistent manner and is internationally acclaimed and understood. The IELTS score ranges from 1 to 9 for each part of the test. The individual result from these four parts will produce an overall band score ... more →

How long does it take to do the IELTS test?

IELTS has four parts – Listening (30 minutes), Reading (60 minutes), Writing (60 minutes) and Speaking (11–14 minutes). The total test time is 2 hours and 45 minutes. The Listening, Reading and Writing tests are done in one sitting.

Is IELTS valid for 3 years now?

The IELTS Test Report Form (TRF) is valid for two years. At present, IELTS score is valid for a three year period for Australian General Skilled Migration (GSM) applications.

Is there any pass or fail in the IELTS exam?

There is no pass or no fail in the IELTS exam. Generally, when you take any test or exam then there can be the possibility of getting passed or failed. But here in this case, you will not get failed but you may be disqualified to continue your higher education in choice of college or university.

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Ielts writing task 2 – dangerous sports.

Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

( 220 Words , 17 Sentences, 4 Paragraphs, Band 9)

Nowadays many people attracted to dangerous sports and other dangerous activities. From my everyday experience and observation I think it is a result of dramatic changes in people’s life.

Just imagine at old times men had to hunt for food, fight, face many challenges and obstacles. Now our days are quite ordinary with a cup of coffee, donuts, computer, desk table and TV. Basically, we do not have to straggle every day for our life and we have nutritious meal without any efforts. So, all we have to do is to contemplate out life. However, I must confess it can be boring. All improvements created for the past centuries made our life easier. Nowadays people look for adventure. They want to face a challenge, prove themselves something, conquer the world, etc.

Personally, I think that every person sees different goals in doing dangerous activities. Some people want to add some stress and tension to their lives. From the other side, other people want to eliminate stress and tension gained from their everyday lives. They can forget about all troubles and leave them behind. I believe that dangerous activities give one freedom, happiness, feeling of independence and tone.

To sum up, I think that dangerous sports and activities are irreplaceable in our life. Without them out life would be miserable and boring.

( NB: Follow the above writing structure for getting higher IELTS band score in the examination. This sample answer can be an example of good writing out of many possible approaches.)

Related IELTS Resources

Take a practice test to find out what is your current weakness in terms of IELTS scale and allow more time to improve your weak spots. The following IELTS resources will help you to develop your skills faster:

• IELTS Listening Test
• IELTS Reading Test
• IELTS Writing Task 1
• IELTS Writing Task 2
• IELTS Speaking Part 1, 2 & 3
• IELTS Listening Exercises
• IELTS Reading Exercises
• IELTS Cue Card Exercises
• How to Start IELTS Preparation
• Tips – On the Day before IELTS Exam

IELTS Writing Task 2 – Dancing

Ielts writing task 2 – decisions for children, recommended for you.

IELTS Writing Task 2 – Help everyone in the world that needs help

IELTS Writing Task 2 – Relationship between equality and personal achievement

IELTS Writing Task 2 – Gender and University

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Exactly How Dangerous Is Football?

A few years ago, researchers at SUNY Buffalo undertook a study of twenty-one men who had played either professional football with the Buffalo Bills or professional hockey with the Buffalo Sabres. The men ranged in age from mid-thirties to early seventies; they were studied comprehensively, in all aspects of their health. It turned out that, compared with twenty-one men who’d been involved in swimming, cycling, or running, they suffered from clinical anxiety at a higher rate. In particular, they worried about their minds. They were acutely aware of a type of dementia, called chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or C.T.E., that was afflicting many players in the N.F.L. and N.H.L. The disease had been the subject of extensive media coverage. It could be caused by repeated blows to the head—exactly the kinds of blows they had suffered while playing professional sports.

And yet the Buffalo investigators found that the ex-pro athletes, despite their fears, were no more prone to early onset dementia than the ones who played non-contact sports. Though the study was small, it was presented to and by the media as reassuring proof that worries over C.T.E. were overblown. (“UB study of ex-Bills, Sabres finds CTE ‘much more rare than we thought,’ ” one headline read.) On Twitter, observers began to square off immediately. On one side were critics who saw the study as N.F.L. propaganda; they noted that SUNY Buffalo was home to the Buffalo Bills team physician, and that the research had been funded by Ralph Wilson, the team’s founder and owner. Barry Willer, the study’s lead investigator, played defense, tweeting that other small studies had arrived at similar results; he labelled the allegation of Wilson’s influence “#fakenews,” pointing out that the owner had died a few years earlier. A former Buffalo Bills free safety named Jeff Nixon—one of the players in the study—waded into the Twitter debate, describing speculations about industry bias as “conspiracy theories.” A Twitter user with the handle ConcernedMom9 objected: “Conspiracy theories? Lots of literature on funding sources.” She quoted from a blog post by Daniel Goldberg, a bioethicist at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, which cited research showing that relationships with industry are “extremely likely” to bias physicians and scientists.

Football is both notorious and cherished for its unapologetic, brute-force violence. For decades, getting one’s bell rung on the field was considered unremarkable—even a badge of honor. Everyone knew that whacks to the head could have consequences, but concern was mainly reserved for moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries, or T.B.I.s, which could leave a person permanently impaired, in a coma, or worse. Then, in the mid-nineties, the picture started to change. Physicians and psychologists began to understand that a concussion, a mild form of T.B.I., was a serious medical condition in its own right: dizziness, depression, insomnia, memory loss, and other symptoms could linger for months, even years. More worryingly, by the late two-thousands, new evidence suggested that repeated exposure to subconcussive impacts that didn’t register as problematic in the moment might result in C.T.E. later in life.

In 1928, a medical report described boxers with “punch drunk syndrome.” The symptoms of what would later be called dementia pugilistica (unsteady gait, slurred speech, tremors, mental deterioration) came to be widely understood as the result of repeated, relatively mild blows to the head. In 1949, a British neurologist published a paper titled “Punch-drunk syndromes: The chronic traumatic encephalopathy of boxers”—the first use of the term C.T.E. Over the decades, it was sometimes suggested that dementia pugilistica might befall professional football players, too. But such concerns did not immediately transform the way people saw boxing and football. The sports were already dangerous; a little more danger didn’t matter.

Then, in 2002, a neuropathologist in Pittsburgh named Bennet Omalu examined the brain of Mike Webster, an N.F.L. Hall of Famer who died from a heart attack after a mysterious spiral into mental illness and homelessness. Through a microscope, Omalu, who would later be played by Will Smith in the 2015 film “ Concussion ,” saw abnormal clumps of a protein called tau; they looked like the lesions that had been seen in punch-drunk boxers. This was, he believed, evidence of C.T.E. in Webster’s brain. Similar clumps were soon detected in the brains of other former N.F.L. athletes who had died in shocking suicides. C.T.E. lesions have since been found in the brains of hockey, soccer, and rugby players, as well. In the preceding decades, interest in boxing had declined; some viewers were put off by the sport’s brutality, others by high pay-per-view fees. Football was now the most popular, most dangerous American spectator sport. In this new context, safety concerns registered more vividly.

The body of evidence linking head trauma to C.T.E. is now damning. “It’s like smoking and cancer,” Bruce Miller, a neurologist and Alzheimer’s expert at the University of California, San Francisco, told me. “It’s as clear as day.” And yet the exact mechanisms through which repeated blows to the head result, decades later, in tau buildup and neurological symptoms, remain unknown. Not everyone exposed to repeated head trauma will develop long-term neurological problems; the danger within any one group of players seems to be distributed unevenly, in the same way that some lifelong smokers get lung cancer and others don’t. (None of the players studied by the Buffalo researchers had developed obvious symptoms of C.T.E.; on the other hand, many were still young and, because they were still alive, their brains couldn’t be examined for tau buildup.) It’s also unclear how many athletes, over all, are at risk. The prevalence of C.T.E. in the pro-football population is unknown—estimates vary, with some approximating two per cent minimums, and others fifteen—as is its prevalence in the population as a whole (people get hit in the head in other ways, too), although the general expectation is that it’s rare. There is even less clarity about C.T.E. risk among college, high-school, and young athletes.

Last year, Fisher-Price was forced to recall the Rock ’n Play Sleeper , a wildly popular collapsible crib in which babies lay at a slight incline. The incline, it turned out, was dangerous; if a baby’s head fell forward, or if she rolled to the side or onto her stomach, her airway could become blocked. At least thirty-two infants had died in the Rock ’n Play since 2011. The decision to recall the sleeper was consequential—nearly five million had been sold—but it was also uncomplicated. When parents buy a sleeper, they expect it to be absolutely safe. There is no such thing as an acceptably risky crib.

High-impact sports occupy a different location in the landscape of risk. Their hazards are part of their attraction. We’ve come to realize that football is more dangerous than we thought—and yet we always thought it was dangerous. Players, coaches, and parents must now ask themselves a series of difficult questions with amorphous answers. How much risk is too much? How much scientific knowledge is enough, when the details are still emerging? How much do you have to know before making up your mind?

ConcernedMom9 is a stay-at-home parent in a small rural town in the Midwest. Several years ago, she and her husband enrolled their son, a third grader, in youth tackle football. (Tackle-football leagues exist for children as young as five.) They knew football was a helmet-clashing, body-bruising sport. But, since it was being offered through school, they assumed that it would be low risk and played in an age-appropriate, minimally injurious way. They were, for the most part, unconcerned.

That changed quickly. At practices, ConcernedMom9 saw how the coaches exhorted the boys to barrel into one another as forcefully as possible. Late one afternoon, during a tackling drill, she heard an ear- splitting crack: her son had smashed face masks with a larger opponent, bouncing backward. The back of his helmet struck the ground. It was his second helmet-to-helmet impact of the practice. A coach hauled him to his feet, but the boy, wailing in pain, was unable to walk off the field. No one stopped the practice or offered medical assistance. She watched in shock from the sidelines, unsure what to do.

For weeks afterward, the boy suffered from headaches and fatigue. The ground swayed beneath him when he closed his eyes; bright lights and loud noises bothered him; he struggled with math and reading at school. It took more than a month for the symptoms to subside. Meanwhile, his mother read about concussions and C.T.E. in the N.F.L. She learned that two other kids in her son’s league had had concussions; the program’s lack of education and oversight on the issue appalled her. She complained to the school district and joined Twitter, where she soon connected with others who were tracking sports-related brain injuries.

Although her son moved on from football years ago, she has become part of a community focussed on the head-injury issue. Her social-media friends include two mothers who filed a suit against Pop Warner for the early deaths of their sons, who played youth football and were diagnosed with C.T.E. in the postmortem. (The case was dismissed by a judge last December.) Since June, 2012, ConcernedMom9 has tweeted a hundred and sixty-one thousand times. Over morning coffee, she still scours Google and her network of connections for relevant developments to post, sometimes querying PubMed, a research database, for pertinent studies. “If a new paper shows up, I’ll just tweet it out,” she told me. In a typical forty-eight-hour period, she might share links, quotes, and retweets of media stories that range from the disturbing (“Volunteer volleyball coach accused of stealing underwear from female players”) to the political (a state bill that would ban youth tackle football before eighth grade). She curates what can seem like an endless stream of injury reports, many involving cringe-inducing blows to the head (“Nazem Kadri Concussed After Taking Big Hits Against Blues”). Moments of scientific controversy, such as the debate around the SUNY Buffalo study, bob in the stream.

The online debate about sports-related head trauma can sometimes feel like a fistfight: one side might deride findings about C.T.E. as “junk science” and “hysteria,” while the other disparages N.F.L.-affiliated scientists as “shills” who disseminate industry “talking points.” Scandals seem to erupt on a regular basis, adding to the atmosphere of distrust. In October, for example, the sports Web site The Athletic highlighted an analysis, conducted by two researchers, which questioned the scientific integrity of a prominent T.B.I. center at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill that received funding from the N.F.L.; the lead researcher and his colleagues described the allegations as baseless, while a nonprofit group that focuses on academic integrity in college sports called for an independent investigation. In January, a Washington Post feature about Bennet Omalu revealed that other leading C.T.E. experts see him as someone who “routinely exaggerates his accomplishments and dramatically overstates the known risks of C.T.E. and contact sports, fueling misconceptions about the disease.”

Even in the absence of scandal, the science of C.T.E. is like an absorbing spectator sport of its own. It’s simultaneously persuasive, contentious, and imperfect. After Omalu and his colleagues reported the initial case of C.T.E. in Webster, a rival research group at Boston University partnered with the Concussion Legacy Foundation, a nonprofit that solicits brain donations from athletes in football and other collision sports. The V.A.-B.U.-C.L.F. Brain Bank became the world’s largest repository focussing on C.T.E. and other traumatic brain injuries. In autopsy after autopsy, a team led by Ann McKee, a neuropathologist at B.U. and V.A. Boston, a hospital run by the Department of Veterans Affairs, has found tau clumps and signs of neurodegeneration. In 2017, in the Journal of the American Medical Association , the V.A.-B.U. team reported on the brains of more than two hundred deceased American football players, including a hundred and eleven former N.F.L. athletes. The researchers found that a hundred and ten of the football players had suffered from C.T.E.

A B.U. publication released an article describing the research; its headline declared, “C.T.E. Found in 99 Percent of Former N.F.L. Players Studied.” More headlines followed, at other outlets, that allowed casual readers to infer that ninety-nine out of a hundred football players were doomed. But the study’s analysis had focussed only on a specific subset of N.F.L. retirees who had undergone such dramatic transformations in mood, behavior, and cognitive status that they or their loved ones had donated their brains for study. (The researchers acknowledged the biases of the data set in their JAMA paper.) William Barr, a neuropsychologist at New York University and a former team clinician for the New York Jets—who, in the early two-thousands, criticized the N.F.L. for its management of concussions, and now provides expert testimony in litigation involving concussions and C.T.E.—told me that, in his opinion, although head trauma in football used to be a neglected issue, the pendulum has now swung in the opposite direction. “People who get hit in the head with a beach ball are coming to me, saying they have a concussion and they’re going to get C.T.E.,” he said.

Almost always, degenerative brain diseases present significant research challenges. Some neurological afflictions—brain tumors, aneurysms—can be detected from outside the skull with X-rays or CAT scans. But, at the moment, no brain-imaging technology can reliably detect the unique tau lesions characteristic of C.T.E.; they can only be found after death, in an autopsy. (Some disagreement remains about how to correctly identify the tau lesions in the first place.) Years or even decades may elapse between traumatic head injuries and the onset of symptoms—depression, anxiety, rage, aggression, dementia—that can be caused by C.T.E., but can also result from other, unrelated illnesses.

For now, these complexities make certain questions about the disease unanswerable. If subconcussive blows are the cause of C.T.E., how much impact is too much? How do the tau clumps relate to the clinical syndrome—do the lesions fully explain the mood and memory problems? (Probably not; other kinds of brain abnormalities, such as inflammation or damage to neural wiring from head injuries, may play a role.) Ideally, while trying to answer these questions, researchers would also mount a decades-long study in which they used sensors to measure football players’ exposure to head hits; they would scan the players’ brains monitor their health until they died, and then conduct an autopsy. Such a study would be extraordinarily expensive and time-consuming. There is nothing like it on the horizon.

The uncertainties in concussion and C.T.E. research are typical of any scientific investigation of human disease. They also provide an opportunity for those who want to defend football from its detractors. As the ESPN journalists Mark Fainaru-Wada and Steve Fainaru detail in their book “ League of Denial ,” from 2013, the N.F.L. attempted to discredit Omalu’s initial diagnosis of C.T.E., demanding that he retract his report. Beginning in 2003, the league's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury committee produced sixteen scientific papers that, among other things, shrugged off concussions as trivial injuries or suggested that, thanks to a “winnowing process” leading up to the big leagues, N.F.L. players might be less susceptible to traumatic brain injuries than people in the general population. Observers have argued that the N.F.L. was “manufacturing doubt” by financing skewed science. The N.F.L.—which maintains that the committee’s research “was consistent with the medical and scientific understanding of these complicated issues at the time”—argues that it has always sought to advance the science of head trauma.

The N.F.L. has continued to support studies of head injuries, but in ways that have alarmed some researchers. In 2012, it announced that it would donate thirty million dollars to the National Institutes of Health for “unrestricted” independent research—but then tried to stop the institute from awarding more than half of the money to a neuropsychologist in B.U.’s C.T.E. research group. The N.I.H. ended up paying for the study independently. (Other C.T.E.-related work at B.U. has been supported, in part, by millions in N.I.H. grants backed by the N.F.L.) The N.F.L. later dispersed the unallocated sixteen million to other government-supported research projects .

For those concerned about C.T.E., the league’s funding is a double-edged sword. In 2016, the league announced plans to pour sixty million dollars into helmet research and advanced brain-imaging technology; another forty million would go into neuroscience studies. (Some of that money has since been awarded to a Harvard project, called N.F.L. LONG , that tracks long-term brain health in retired N.F.L. players, and a Canadian surveillance network that counts and studies concussions in high-school athletes.) That year, the budget at the N.I.H. for the study of all traumatic brain injuries was a hundred and five million dollars. Arguably, the league’s funding push has given it outsized influence in the field. In 2018, Kathleen Bachynski, who was a research fellow in medical ethics at New York University at the time, published an Op-Ed in the Los Angeles Times titled “ The N.F.L. is the Fox in the Henhouse of Football-Injury Research .” “It would and should raise eyebrows if even the most dedicated, accomplished lung cancer researchers accepted money from Philip Morris to fund their studies,” she argues. Head-trauma research funded by the N.F.L., she contends, “is fundamentally conflicted.”

There are system-wide connections between sports-injury researchers and corporate interests. Beyond the N.F.L., the N.H.L., N.C.A.A., and U.S.A. Football also have extensive relationships with scientists. Many head-trauma investigators serve as scientific advisers or clinical consultants to college or professional teams or leagues, or receive funding from affiliated charities. Many work at universities that derive significant income from N.C.A.A. football. Some serve as paid expert witnesses, for one side or the other, in concussion lawsuits against the N.F.L. and N.H.L. And, at a fundamental level, many sports-medicine clinicians have great affection for athletics. Their goal, usually, is to keep athletes healthy enough to stay in the game.

As ConcernedMom9 correctly pointed out on Twitter, a large body of evidence shows that, even in the absence of quid pro quo deals, studies sponsored by industry players—pharmaceutical firms, food companies, chemical manufacturers, and so on—tend to reach answers favorable to them. In 2009, an Institute of Medicine report cautioned that “financial interests may unduly influence professionals’ judgments about the primary interests or goals of medicine.” In one analysis, for example, ninety-four per cent of review articles by scientists with ties to the tobacco industry concluded that second-hand smoke wasn’t harmful to health, in contrast to thirteen per cent of reviews by independent authors. (The effects of industry funding aren’t always this large.) At well-run research institutions, rules should prevent funders from shaping how studies are designed, carried out, analyzed, written up, and published. But, even if such safeguards are in place, there is still a risk that close relationships with industry may shade how investigators look at data. (Some critics suggest that nonprofits might be sources of bias, too: the researchers at B.U. collaborate closely with an advocacy group, the Concussion Legacy Foundation , which is supported by families whose loved ones have suffered from brain trauma.)

Generally, medical ethicists call on researchers to forego industry funding altogether. Daniel Goldberg, the ethicist that ConcernedMom9 cited, told me that it was a “bad idea” for head-trauma researchers to accept funding from the N.F.L. “If scientists can’t raise non-industry money,” he said, practically yelling into the phone, “then, rather than publish skewed results, they shouldn’t do the research!” (The league, for its part, says that it intends to continue supporting “serious, impactful medical research” regardless of the outcomes of the work it funds.) Many researchers take funding where they can find it. “The money that’s required for research and clinical programs has to come from somewhere, but you don’t want to accept money that has restrictions on it,” Christopher Giza, a pediatric neurologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, told me. Giza is the director of BrainSPORT at U.C.L.A., a brain-injury treatment program that is supported, in part, by a ten-million-dollar gift from Steve Tisch, the co-owner and chairman of the New York Giants. The program is part of a $52.5-million multi-center concussion study sponsored by the N.C.A.A. and the Department of Defense. Giza also receives funding from the N.I.H. In line with U.C.L.A. policies, he doesn’t take grants with preconditions that infringe on his academic independence, and he fully discloses the sources of his funding.

Giza occupies a middle ground in the world of C.T.E. research. He doesn’t deny that C.T.E. exists, and said that it’s “quite likely” that it’s triggered by brain injuries, but he is wary of media hype. In his view, analysis of C.T.E. has become polarized. “When we sort of force people to take sides one way or the other, it blurs our view of what the real truth is,” he said. On Twitter, meanwhile, his industry connections haven’t escaped notice. When, in a news story last year, Giza commented that the link between youth football and long-term brain injury is difficult to prove, a former professional hockey player named Daniel Carcillo, who is himself part of a class-action concussion lawsuit against the N.H.L., tweeted, “Can he be trusted?” (Giza and Carcillo have since made amends.)

In the nineteen-fifties, an eminent statistician named Ronald Fisher argued that smoking didn’t cause lung cancer. Instead, he conjectured, an undiscovered third factor, perhaps genetic, both caused lung cancer and, coincidentally, drove people to crave smoking. Adam M. Finkel, an environmental-health scientist and expert on risk assessment at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, described this logic as “Fisher’s fallacy”: “It’s just a way to wave your hands around and ignore what’s in front of your eyes,” he told me. In Finkel’s view, many C.T.E. skeptics are waving their hands around. Some, for instance, have speculated that opioid abuse, not head trauma, may be the cause of the disease. There isn’t a lot of evidence to support that idea, but, for the moment, it’s impossible to disprove. It’s probable that, in the end, several factors will be found to contribute to C.T.E., because diseases are almost always multifactorial. But that still wouldn’t exonerate head injury as the major culprit.

To some extent, the dissension over C.T.E. reflects two different perspectives from which we can view disease. Clinicians tend to focus on one patient at a time; when faced with incomplete evidence, a doctor may prefer to refrain from speculation, to avoid making an incorrect diagnosis. By contrast, Finkel said, public-health analysts tend to make decisions based on probabilities, weighing the risks and benefits of taking protective actions in an effort to intervene before it’s too late. It might take fifty years of research to figure out exactly how blows to the head cause C.T.E. “A public-health person would never say, ‘We can wait fifty years,’ without thinking about the consequences of putting the decision off for that long,” Finkel said. He argues that football is so ingrained in American life that C.T.E. is best seen through the lens of public health.

A few years ago, the Harvard Football Players Health Study—which recently announced, having surveyed thousands of N.F.L. retirees, that athletes with longer careers showed more severe cognitive deficits—wanted to assess whether, in theory, O.S.H.A. could play a role in protecting pro athletes from head trauma. (The study was funded by the N.F.L. Players’ Association.) Its leaders hired Finkel, who used to be the chief regulatory official at O.S.H.A. Using the data from the 2017 B.U. report—which had posthumously diagnosed a hundred and ten N.F.L. players with C.T.E.—Finkel and the neuroscientist Kevin Bieniek made a back-of-the-envelope attempt to approximate the lowest possible risk of C.T.E. in the league. They started by presuming, conservatively, that B.U. had identified every single case of C.T.E. that had or would ever occur among N.F.L. athletes active from the nineteen-sixties to the mid-two-thousands. They then compared B.U.’s number to the total number of players who participated during that same time period. O.S.H.A. is empowered to regulate on-the-job risks that give workers at least a one in a thousand chance of becoming seriously ill; Finkel and Bieniek estimated that the risk of C.T.E. among professional football players is, at least, somewhere between six in one thousand and seventeen in one thousand. If the true prevalence of C.T.E. falls somewhere within this range of minimum estimates, the disease would be rare enough to evade small studies, such as the one conducted at the SUNY Buffalo, while remaining a serious occupational health problem. (There are, of course, many ways of arriving at a risk estimate. Using an alternative method—one focussed not on the projection of minimum risk but on the proportion of players who have died because of C.T.E.—Finkel calculated that the prevalence of the disorder may be closer to fifteen per cent. Other researchers have arrived at even higher numbers.)

Parents trying to evaluate the risks of youth football might find themselves bouncing between these different views of disease—fielding advice from a clinician one day and a public-health advocate the next. On the Web site for Football Matters—a campaign started by the National Football Foundation—a section about C.T.E. is reprinted from a fact sheet prepared by a panel of neuropsychologists, most of them affiliated with professional or school sports teams and leagues; the site concedes that “it appears appropriate to take reasonable measures” to avoid head trauma, while noting that “no clear-cut, definitive cause and effect relationship has been established” between hits to the head and C.T.E. Meanwhile, last fall, the Concussion Legacy Foundation released a video titled “ Tackle Can Wait .” The P.S.A. suggests that parents should look at youth football the same way they look at smoking—the video shows young players standing on the field and lighting up—and then warns that starting kids in tackle football at age five, rather than fourteen, leaves them ten times more likely to develop C.T.E. (It’s tough to know how to judge such a claim, since the absolute risks remain unknown.) In an Op-Ed anticipating the P.S.A., Robert Cantu, the foundation’s co-founder and a researcher at B.U., made a public-health argument: the Surgeon General, he wrote, should ban tackle football for young children.

In a now-classic bit , the comedian George Carlin undertook a comparison of baseball and football. Baseball, he noted, is played in a “park”; football, on a “gridiron.” Baseball starts “in the spring, the season of new life”; football begins “in the fall, when everything is dying.” The games have starkly different objectives. “In football, the object is for the quarterback, otherwise known as the field general, to be on target with his aerial assault, riddling the defense by hitting his receivers with deadly accuracy in spite of the blitz, even if he has to use the shotgun,” Carlin said. “With short bullet passes and long bombs, he marches his troops into enemy territory, balancing this aerial assault with a sustained ground attack which punches holes in the forward wall of the enemy’s defensive line.” The object in baseball, by contrast, is “to go home! And to be safe! . . . . Safe, at home!”

In November, Bachynski, the public-health researcher who called the N.F.L. the “fox in the henhouse” of concussion research, published “ No Game for Boys to Play: The History of Youth Football and the Origins of a Public Health Crisis .” Parents, players, fans, and physicians, Bachynski writes, have always wrestled with the violence of football and its consequences. In the early nineteen-hundreds, players died in savage Ivy League games, which one critic described as “boy-killing, education prostituting, gladiatorial sport.” By instituting new rules and introducing protective padding and helmets, officials tried to make the game safer; Bachynski suggests that such changes, by emboldening players, may have actually made it less so. In any case, football remained a spectacle combining balletic grace with extreme collisional assault—its immense popularity “deeply tied to the very violence that renders the game dangerous.”

In the nineteen-fifties, when football programs for children younger than high-school age first began to gain ground, many doctors, focussing mainly on bone and joint injuries, argued that the risks were too great. Defenders argued that the game could be safe, as long as kids were supervised by coaches, athletic trainers, and physicians in the newly emerging field of sports medicine. Invariably, these authority figures were male: football was and remains gendered—“a means,” Bachynski writes, “of teaching boys to become men.” In a sport that was seen as character-building and capable of instilling toughness, even patriotism, it was possible for some quantity of danger to be seen as an asset.

Assessing risk is like balancing an equation: benefits go on one side, perils on the other. C.T.E. threatens to destabilize an equation that, in the past, has allowed more than three million American kids to play tackle football each year. The risk of physical injuries, such as broken legs and torn ligaments, used to seem acceptable, given the merits of the game. But now players and their adult guardians must incorporate the uncertain prospect of irreparable brain damage, which reveals itself decades later, into their calculations. It’s one thing to be injured in the moment; it’s another to live for years with the spectre of possible harm still to come. And C.T.E. may change the risk equations of younger players more. It’s true that youth and high-school football tend to involve collisions of less force and intensity than the ones in college and professional sports. But kids’ brains are still maturing; compared to adults, their heads are bigger while their neck muscles are weaker. These biomechanical vulnerabilities make them more susceptible to repeated head injuries than adults.

In many risk equations, certain variables must go without assigned values. It’s not possible to conduct a randomized, controlled trial that measures the long-term effects of knocks on children’s heads; in the absence of such a trial, the existing evidence of long-term neurological harm in youth football is mixed. A Wisconsin-based study found that playing high-school football in the mid-nineteen-fifties wasn’t associated, on average, with a higher occurrence of cognitive impairment or depression in old age. (But the game has changed, in many ways, since then.) In contrast, in its latest paper, published in the fall of 2019, the B.U. group reported identifying C.T.E. in at least eighteen former athletes who had only played youth or high-school football, including a teen-ager who died after suffering two concussions in a single week. Over all, the brain-bank analyses suggest that the risk of being diagnosed with C.T.E. at death generally increases with each additional year of playing tackle football. There’s a reason that public-health analysts, when faced with imperfect scientific information, tend toward pessimism: they’re entrusted with the task of safeguarding the citizenry, so they err on the side of safety. Parents may find themselves in an analogous position.

It’s possible that, for many people, adjustments here and there could rebalance football’s risk equation. The N.F.L. has adopted new rules and safety protocols to reduce head injuries: in 2013, for instance, it banned players from initiating contact with opponents using the crown of the helmet. (The number of reported concussion in the league rose slightly last year, after a decrease from 2017 to 2018.) In recent years, every state has passed laws aimed at improving the management of concussions in youth sports. U.S.A. Football, the governing body for amateur play, has promoted “heads up” tackling techniques; it’s also introduced concussion safety training for youth leagues. But no one knows if these changes will be enough. A few state legislatures, including ones in New York and Massachusetts, are considering banning youth tackle football under age twelve altogether.

This past fall, as football season got underway, ConcernedMom9 tweeted about news stories in which coaches claimed that changes to the game had made it safer than ever. “What would we expect coaches to claim?” she wrote. She questions whether local leagues are properly putting the safety reforms into practice. Over time, she has come to a new understanding of football’s risks. Research has been finding that head trauma is also a risk factor for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other degenerative brain disorders; considering the medical history in her family tree, she wishes she’d known this before signing her son up for youth football. She reads new stories about serious injuries among professional and amateur players—concussions, spinal injuries, ruptured spleens—and thinks of how the perils of the sport now extend into the realm of the mind, pushing some former players into an irreversible fog of darkness and forgetting. “There’s enough carnage out there that, personally, I’m questioning what this game is doing in our public-school system without meaningful changes,” she said. The game hasn’t changed. She has.

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Why Would You Choose to Do an Extreme Sport?

Giuseppe musumeci.

1 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human, Histology and Movement Science Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95123 Catania, Italy; ti.tcinu@ireguamaizarg or [email protected] ; Tel.: +39-095-378-2043

2 Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123 Catania, Italy

3 Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA

Why do so many athletes keep practicing extreme sports, even though they know the danger of risking their lives? Why is our body addicted to these strong emotions? I will try to address these questions in this short editorial.

The thrills given by extreme sports attract many individuals seeking excitement. Many of these extreme sports like snowboarding, surfing, skateboarding, rock climbing, bungee jumping, skydiving, and others, allow one to feel the freedom to challenge yourself, both physically and psychologically, and to perform any type of freestyling that would be nauseating to athletes. However, almost all extreme sports have some elements that could endanger an athlete’s life in comparison to traditional sports. These sports could be defined as “extreme” due to their tendency to be dangerous if not performed carefully or with the right equipment [ 1 ]. After all, to experience the true “adrenaline kick,” these sports must be dangerous. Serious injuries are common among adrenaline junkies and many fatalities are reported every year. To give an example of this phenomenon according to the report of the United States Parachute Association, more than twenty people a year die due to parachuting alone. The effort required by these sports is great, but the supply of adrenaline and other hormones is sufficient to avoid tiredness resulting from exercise. The adrenaline rush increases the acceleration of blood flows to the muscles and brain, relaxes the muscles, and lastly helps with the conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver. For every extreme sports athlete, this adrenaline rush is never enough since they are always seeking stronger emotions.

This kind of feeling cannot be otherwise experienced and many of these extreme sports athletes do not even consider a life without the excitement of these powerful moments. Furthermore, extreme sports have the capacity to establish a strong bond between individuals, thanks to the dangerous elements of the activity that requires a high level of trust between people. Consequently, this kind of friendship bond has a good impact on mental health [ 2 ].

The typical challenges and performances of the so-called “extreme sports” draw the attention of the spectators, growing the interest of researchers in this kind of behavior. The reasons why risk-lovers are attracted to challenges in dangerous places, or to the possibility of facing the unknown or even to the extreme conditions in which it must be lived, are strictly related to their interpretation of life, to their need of challenging life and to have complete control of the most uncertain situations [ 3 ].

These aspects need to be monitored and reworked in case of predominance of self-destructive tendencies, or when evaluating self-capacities. In this situation, the tendency to underestimate the risk could hide the overestimation of the self, or a devaluation of life caused by a non-depressive mental state that can lead to a latently desired death [ 1 ]. However, most extreme sports enthusiasts are not driven by self-destructive tendencies. One of the most important aspects of extreme sports that fascinates people is the possibility to live experiences that make you feel alive in a way out of the ordinary, that generate euphory described with expressions like “feeling in the eye of the storm” or “look I’m getting” or “feel the adrenaline rush”.

Some studies tried to explain the neuropsychological reasons that may lead some people more than others to look for “no limits” experiences. These studies found a correlation between the ability of certain activities to enhance adrenaline’s secretion, the need to take risks, and the inclination to seek extreme experiences. This chemical response is closely related to the so-called “fight or flight”, which is able to generate chills reported as “pleasant” in those who frequently seek these kinds of experience. The feeling of imminent danger elicited by these extreme sports activates the survival mechanisms in response to stress in order to face the event through neurophysiological changes broadly acknowledged by the literature [ 2 ].

However, it is possible to activate the “fight or flight” response in the average population even with activities that guarantee great safety and that allow people to deal with uncertainties or changes with respect to the usual point of reference: like the small challenges to daily habits of some game at the funfair that are able to elicit a pleasant, and safe, euphory. Emotional experiences on daily life have also been related to the release of neuromediators, which is physiologically activated in several situations faced by the individuals.

In these scenarios, the organism produces a large amount of dopamine which is known to elicit the sensation of pleasure similar to those experienced with alcohol, drugs, or sexual intercourse. Therefore, this explains (along with the presence of adrenaline) the frequent propensity to uncontrollably smile or scream while living those experiences. The common attraction towards these situations has also been studied in relation to a gene mutation that could cause a lower presence of dopamine receptors. This mutation has been found in many people who express attraction to extreme sports; therefore, it was considered among the possible physiological reasons that can explain the tendency to experiment with extreme activities, since the latter would be able to induce the overproduction of dopamine in order to obtain those physiological effects which are physiologically achieved at a lower level of stimulation in people with, otherwise, a greater number of dopaminergic receptors [ 4 ].

Many other studies on the typical personality of extreme sports enthusiasts spotted in these people the propensity to seek strong emotions, and this has led to the definition of “sensation seekers”, a psychological aspect very common between paratroopers, free climbers, and other athletes practicing extreme sports or showing addiction to exercise [ 5 ]. In a similar context, it is possible to place the psychological studies that have compared the differences between common people and “sensation seekers”. Sensation seekers are characterized by a need to try the extreme, in search of thrills, even though it implies doing dangerous sports.

These kinds of people avoid trivial experiences because they need high-emotional situations (like drug addicts), developing a sort of “shivering tolerance”, forcing them to seek higher doses of emotion every time to reach the same sensation as before. When this occurs, they get used to the same extreme challenge and start looking for a more intense one, to feel the thrill again, risking death just as might happen in drug addiction. In these situations, the need to seek the thrill is combined with a system of values or criminal behaviour tendencies, fuelled by an altered evaluation of life: the result is the pursuit of one’s passion, putting in danger himself and other lives [ 2 ].

There are various reasons why it would be interesting to tackle the challenge of extreme sports, but before venturing into them, it is necessary to consider and reflect on the above-discussed arguments. Furthermore, people who want to undertake these sports should be careful about their own and others’ physical integrity, because sport should simply improve the psychophysical abilities of the person and not the other way around.

This work was funded by the University Research Project Grant (PIACERI Found–NATURE-OA–2020–2022), Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOME-TEC), University of Catania, Italy.

Conflicts of Interest

The author declare no conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Ielts essay sample 405 - why do people take part in dangerous sports, ielts writing task 2/ ielts essay:, some sports are extremely dangerous but many people still like them very much. why do people take part in dangerous sports give some suggestions on how to deal with these dangers..

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IELTS essay, topic: More and more people participate in extreme sports (reasons and solutions)

• IELTS Essays - Band 8

This essay topic was seen in recent IELTS tests in Sri Lanka and Nigeria .

More and more people participate in extreme sports. Why do people take part in these dangerous sports? What can be done to reduce the danger associated with such activities?

Sample Band 8 Essay

In recent years, extreme sports have become increasingly popular among people of all ages. People are drawn to the thrill and adrenaline rush that comes with participating in these risky activities. From jumping out of airplanes to riding huge waves, these dangerous sports offer a unique set of challenges and opportunities for those willing to try them out.

Despite the obvious risk associated with extreme sports, there are still many people who participate in such activities. Some are driven by a need for adventure or a desire to test their physical capabilities. Others simply enjoy the sense of accomplishment they gain after mastering their chosen activity. Many cite the feeling of freedom and joy that accompanies extreme sports as something that cannot be found elsewhere.

To reduce risks associated with extreme sports, it is important for participants to first receive proper training and instruction from certified professionals. This will help ensure that they understand how to stay safe while engaging in such activities. It is also essential for participants to wear appropriate safety gear, such as helmets and protective clothing, when participating in any kind of sport. Finally, extreme athletes should always make sure they are aware of their abilities and limitations before taking part in any kind of dangerous activity, so they don’t overextend themselves or put themselves in danger unnecessarily.

Overall, while extreme sports can be extremely dangerous, they can also be a source of immense joy and satisfaction. Participating in such activities does not necessarily mean that individuals are putting themselves in peril, if all the essential safety precautions are taken. With proper training, equipment, education and awareness of one’s own limitations, anyone can enjoy these kinds of daring pursuits, knowing that the risks are properly managed.

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Home — Essay Samples — Life — Wrestling — Wrestling Is The Most Dangerous Sport

Wrestling is The Most Dangerous Sport

• Categories: Wrestling

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Words: 543 |

Published: Mar 19, 2024

Words: 543 | Page: 1 | 3 min read

Table of contents

Introduction:, conclusion:, 1. physical demands:, 2. potential injuries:, 3. weight cutting:, 4. psychological impact:, 5. lack of protective gear:.

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Some sports are extremely dangerous to the players. Why do people participate in such sports? Tell some measures to avoid the risks involved.

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Extreme Sports Essay

Extreme sports are becoming increasingly popular all over the world. While some people see them as dangerous and reckless, others see them as exciting and adrenaline-pumping.

There are many different extreme sports to choose from, such as Bungee jumping, sky diving, snowboarding, and surfing. Extreme sports often require a lot of skill and training, which can be part of the appeal for some people.

For others, the appeal of extreme sports is simply the thrill of doing something that is considered dangerous. Extreme sports can be a great way to get an adrenaline rush and feel alive.

No matter what the reason is for their popularity, extreme sports are here to stay. They provide an opportunity for people to push themselves to the limit and experience something truly exhilarating.

People are extremely attracted to relatively new sports, like extreme sports, because they offer an adrenalin rush and allow for self-expression in new ways .

Extreme sports are usually associated with young people, but there are more and more adult fans of these activities. Extreme sports provide an opportunity to forget about the daily routine and immerse oneself in the moment. Also, many people find it attractive that extreme sports require a high level of skill and athleticism.

There are different types of extreme sports, from relatively safe ones like bungee jumping to dangerous ones like base jumping. Some people prefer solo sports, while others enjoy team sports. Extreme sports can be performed in different natural environments – on land, in water or in the air.

The most popular extreme sports include BMX, freestyle motocross, skateboarding, surfing, cliff diving, free solo climbing, parkour, base jumping, and wingsuit flying. Extreme sports have become so popular that there are now professional athletes who compete in Extreme Games and X Games – special events where only the most skilled athletes can participate.

The popularity of extreme sports is likely to continue to grow in the future as more and more people are looking for new ways to challenge themselves and experience thrills.

It’s no secret that we humans are suckers for new experiences. This is especially true when it comes to sports. With the recent media push to get kids active, participation in extreme sports has seen a dramatic increase. People are now indulging in activities like skydiving, mountain biking, and rock climbing more than ever before.

Extreme sports require special equipment, which sometimes is very expensive, but it does not prevent young people from indulging in these activities. Extreme sports are considered to be more dangerous than traditional ones, but this fact only adds to the popularity of these activities.

There are several reasons for the popularity of extreme sports. First of all, they are accessible to everyone. You do not need to be a professional athlete to try them. Secondly, they are very exciting and can give you a real adrenaline rush. Thirdly, they help you push your limits and test your boundaries. And last but not least, they allow you to meet new people and make new friends.

People are bored with traditional sports like basketball, soccer, and football. Martial arts have become too generic. It’s in human nature to want to stand out, and extreme sports are a good way to do it. I believe that people think your activities are linked directly to your personality: if you’re boring, you do dull things; controversial or unusual activities mean you have a great personality and positive outlook.

Extreme sports are a great way to show off your personality. They’re also a great conversation starter. When you meet someone new, instead of asking them what they do for a living, you can ask them about their favorite extreme sport. It’s a great way to get to know someone quickly.

Extreme sports are also popular because they’re dangerous. I’m not talking about the kind of danger that comes with playing football or hockey, where you might get a concussion or break a bone. I’m talking about the kind of danger that comes with doing something that could kill you if you’re not careful. People are drawn to this kind of danger because it’s exciting and makes them feel alive.

So why are extreme sports so popular? I believe it’s because they’re a great way to show off your personality, they’re a great conversation starter, and they’re dangerous. If you’re looking for a new way to show off your personality, or if you’re just looking for something new to do, consider trying an extreme sport.

It’s easy to feel stuck in the same routine day-after-day when we’re dealing with work, school, and other predicaments. Sometimes our lives can feel quite lackluster when we’re constantly seeing the same people and thing. To have a more active lifestyle, try spending more time outside surrounded by nature.

Extreme sports are a great way to do this. Extreme sports are becoming increasingly popular all over the world, especially among young people. These activities give us a chance to break free from our everyday routines and push ourselves physically and mentally. They’re also super exciting and can be quite addicting.

There are many different extreme sports to choose from, so there’s something for everyone. Some popular ones include rock climbing, surfing, BASE jumping, and skydiving. If you’re looking for a new challenge, why not give one of these a try? You might just find your new favorite hobby.

Such living undoubtedly causes us stress, fatigue, and a lack of peace of mind. I spend half my day at university lectures and now I feel like a tightly wound spring about to snap. In other words, many people including myself need an adrenaline rush that dangerous sports can provide.

Extreme sports are popular because they give people an adrenaline rush. They are a way to release stress and tension. They are also a way to feel alive. Extreme sports are not for everyone but for those who enjoy them, they can be a great way to relax and have fun.

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Sports are an indispensable part of human life. However, some are considered to be more dangerous than the others. Because of the dangers those sports can lead to, many people believe they should be banned. In this essay, I will discuss why dangerous sports should not be allowed. Firstly, human life is undoubtedly precious. If somebody, for example, dies of a dangerous sport; his family would be very upset. This is also a loss to the society considering the fact everybody has to spend twelve years on schooling.

Next, sports are meant to help people improve their health. For instance, playing table tennis should give you a better level of reflection. Hence, there is no need to have life threatening sports. Moreover, dangerous sports can result in serious injuries. Even though the lives of the people playing this kind of sports can be saved, they still possibly have to suffer from permanent injuries which can make them disabled. Hence, preventing people from this kind of sports can reduce the chances of permanent injuries from sport related accidents.

Finally, a challenging sport needs not be dangerous. It is commonly believed that people like to play dangerous sports because they are considered to be more challenging. However, there are many challenging sports which do not require people to face dangers. To sum up, I would strongly recommend that dangerous sports should be banned from our societies. Because they do not contribute to the development of human life and because of the dangers people could face, safer sports should be considered as the best alternative.

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Bulldogs second row Jaeman Salmon banned for two matches after unpunished high shot on Warriors' Te Maire Martin

Sport Bulldogs second row Jaeman Salmon banned for two matches after unpunished high shot on Warriors' Te Maire Martin

The Warriors will fuming after Bulldogs forward Jaeman Salmon was hit with a grade two dangerous contact charge by the NRL, having got away with zero punishment during the Bulldogs' dramatic victory on Saturday.

Salmon faces a two-match ban after making dangerous contact with Warriors half Te Maire Martin in the game at Olympic stadium.

The Bulldogs won the thrilling contest 13-12 thanks to the boot of Matt Burton, who kicked a field goal in golden point time for the second-straight weekend .

However, the Warriors would have been given a chance to take the lead with just over five minutes remaining, had the 74th-minute collision been called on field and a penalty awarded.

Salmon rushed out of the line to close down Martin as he attempted a field goal that would have put the Warriors in front.

Both players were left stricken on the turf after Salmon appeared to hit Martin high and late, 20 metres out from the Bulldogs defensive line in the centre of the field.

Salmon was forced to leave the field spitting blood, although Martin was able to continue after being assessed.

The Bulldogs later said it looked like Salmon had broken his jaw.

"That's not ideal for him," Bulldogs coach Cameron Ciraldo said.

"He's having a really good year … he's the glue guy in our forward pack.

"If it is [a broken jaw] we'll miss him for that period."

Warriors coach Andrew Webster, however, would not be drawn on whether it should have been a penalty.

"I don't know … I didn't see it," Webster said in his press conference.

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Guest Essay

The Supreme Court Creates a Lawless Presidency

By Kate Shaw

Contributing Opinion Writer

The Supreme Court’s radical decision handing the president broad immunity from criminal prosecution on Monday will rightly be understood as enormously increasing the power and enormously reducing the accountability of the president.

But it should also be understood as a decision about the court’s own power and accountability. In casting aside the text, structure and history of the Constitution in favor of gauzy concerns about the need to “safeguard the independence and effective functioning of the executive branch” and to “enable the president to carry out his constitutional duties without undue caution,” the court reveals that it will rule — and rule us all — based on its own free-floating and distorted vision of an optimal constitutional order.

It is increasingly clear that this court sees itself as something other than a participant in our democratic system. It sees itself as the enforcer of the separation of powers, but not itself subject to that separation.

Most immediately, the decision continues to shield Donald Trump from meaningful accountability for his actions before and on Jan. 6, 2021. The court had already given Mr. Trump a decisive win in the form of its monthslong delay in deciding this case — his federal criminal trial for election interference, originally scheduled to begin on March 4, appears less and less likely ever to come to pass.

But the opinion itself grants Mr. Trump a more enduring win, and democracy an even more enduring loss: It jettisons the long-settled principle that presidents, like all others, are subject to the operation of law, and announces that all official acts taken by a president are entitled to either absolute or presumptive immunity from criminal prosecution.

The court’s misguided decision in this case could not come at a more dangerous time. It has removed a major check on the office of the presidency at the very moment when Mr. Trump is running for office on a promise to weaponize the apparatus of government against those he views as his enemies.

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Jul 5, 2024

Governor Newsom urges Californians to take precautions as dangerous heatwave continues

What you need to know: Much of the state remains under excessive heat warnings and watches with several more days of extreme heat expected. Governor Newsom continues to urge Californians to take precautions now to stay safe from the heat. 

SACRAMENTO – Much of interior California is entering its fourth day of temperatures reaching 110 degrees or higher – and most areas likely won’t see relief until early next week. Governor Gavin Newsom continues to urge Californians to take precautions and has directed an all-hands response to the heatwave by state government. 

Earlier this week, the Governor directed the Office of Emergency Services to activate its State Operations Center and move into Phase II of its Extreme Temperature Response Plan. This action ensures a 24/7, coordinated, whole-of-government response to the heatwave.  

Excessive heat warnings and watches are in effect for much of California through the weekend and into next week. The National Weather Service is forecasting Extreme HeatRisk for many parts of the state, with hot conditions between 105 and 118 degrees, and little overnight relief. 

Extreme heat kills more Americans every year than all other extreme weather, including wildfires and flooding. 

California is in the middle of a record heatwave – and now is not the time to let our guard down. We must remain vigilant – stay cool, stay hydrated and check in on loved ones and neighbors.

Governor Gavin Newsom

What California is doing to protect communities

Emergency coordination and response. Cal OES is coordinating with local governments and emergency managers on any regional needs. 

• A current list of local cooling centers open by county can be found here.  
• Through Listos California, Cal OES is deploying in-language preparedness messaging to California’s most impacted communities and those who may be most at risk during extreme temperatures, including those 65 years of age or older; individuals with chronic illness, disabilities or who are pregnant. 
• The Office of Community Partnerships and Strategic Communications (OCPSC) is deploying in-language messaging to higher risk communities through Heat Ready CA,  which includes a network of community organizations and outreach to ethnic media.
• Through the state’s Priority Populations Task Force, Cal OES convenes over 20 agencies to coordinate state and local resources and share information with the public, identify and address unmet needs, and ensure comprehensive preparedness and response in support of Californians at greatest risk and coordinate with local jurisdictions. 

Protecting workers. The California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) is reminding employers to protect workers from heat illness during high temperatures by providing water, rest, shade and training. 

• Field inspectors are conducting targeted inspections at worksites where workers are most vulnerable to heat illness including in agriculture and construction. 
• Details on heat illness prevention requirements and training materials are available online at 99calor.org . Cal/OSHA’s heat illness prevention standard applies to all outdoor worksites.
• The Government Operations Agency has coordinated messaging to all state employees on increased temperature preparedness and worked with building managers to reiterate state efficiencies during warmer days. 

Protecting public health and safety. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) has created a Heat & Summer Safety toolkit to provide resources and communication tools that can be shared, including the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke. 

• CDPH also develops heat guidance for schools, local health jurisdictions, and other community service providers to protect Californians, particularly heat-vulnerable populations like children, students, older adults, the unhoused, outdoor workers, and those with existing health conditions.

Increasing climate resiliency. The California Natural Resources Agency and state climate partners are addressing longer-term impacts of climate change and extreme heat events through the Extreme Heat Action Plan to Build Community Resilience . 

• Efforts include resources for vulnerable and underserved communities, investments in shading communities through green schoolyards and urban forestry initiatives, and putting nature-based solutions to work to cool buildings and infrastructure.

How you can stay safer from extreme heat

Go to ready.ca.gov to find resources and tips to stay safe from extreme heat, and other natural disasters.

Stay cool (during the hottest times of the day):  

• Those without air conditioning should consider going to a cooling center. Check out this list of cooling centers across the state or visit a public location such as a library or shopping mall. To find free transportation to cooling centers in certain areas, use this finder tool .
• Avoid physical exertion or exercising outdoors.
• Wear lightweight, light colored, loose clothing, hats, sunglasses and sunscreen.

Stay hydrated:   

• Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, even when not thirsty; drink sports drinks (in moderation with water) to help replace electrolytes lost during exercise.
• Avoid sugary, alcoholic, and very cold drinks.
• Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

Stay connected:

• Monitor those at higher risk of heat-related illness including infants and young children; people 65 years of age or older; individuals with chronic illness, disabilities or who are pregnant. Determine risk at heatreadyca.com . 
• Californians are also encouraged to check on their neighbors – call or visit higher risk people, and offer to pick up groceries, medication, and other necessities. Older adults, young children and babies, people with chronic medical conditions and those who are pregnant are most at risk.
• Use a buddy system when working in the heat.
• As a precaution, keep all communication and medical devices charged.

Stay informed: 

• Check the local news for weather forecasts, extreme heat alerts, and cooling centers .

Stay safe outdoors: 

Warm summer weather is causing continued snow melt from winter’s record snowpack, resulting in colder and faster water that continues today. Remember to always be safe around the water :

• Make sure you and your loved ones wear properly fitting, U.S. Coast Guard-approved life jackets. Several public and private entities make life jackets available to the public on a loan basis.
• Always supervise children by appointing a designated “water watcher.”
• Know your limits. Swimming in a lake, ocean or river is different than swimming in a pool.
• If someone is in distress, seek help from a lifeguard or call 9-1-1 if one is not available.

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News SACRAMENTO – California is set to receive an estimated $1.2 billion from the 2026 World Cup across Los Angeles and the Bay Area, according to two recent reports. The tournament’s economic impact is set to generate $594 million in Los Angeles County and up to $630...

Nearly $2 billion going to California public transit

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News What you need to know: Close to $2 billion is going to support public transportation in California communities as part of the first wave of funding from the $5.1 billion transit recovery package in last year’s state budget. SACRAMENTO – Governor Gavin Newsom...

El Gobernador Newsom pide a los californianos tomar precauciones mientras continúa la peligrosa ola de calor

News Lo que necesita saber: Gran parte del estado permanece bajo advertencias de calor excesivo y se esperan varios días más de calor extremo. El gobernador Newsom continúa pidiendo a los californianos tomar precauciones ahora para mantenerse a salvo del calor....

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Things to know about dangerous rip currents and how swimmers caught in one can escape

Daniel Barnickel with Florida’s Palm Beach County Ocean Rescue explains rip current dangers and stresses the importance of swimming near lifeguard stations. (AP Video/ Cody Jackson)

This image provided by NOAA, pictures a harmless green dye used to show a rip current. Rip currents are powerful, narrow channels of fast-moving water that are prevalent along the East, Gulf, and West coasts of the U.S., as well as along the shores of the Great Lakes. About 100 people drown from rip currents along U.S. beaches each year, according to the U.S. Lifesaving Association. (NOAA via AP)

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FILE - A no swimming flag is visible as waves crash against the rocks at Haulover Beach Park, November 18, 2020, in Miami Beach, Florida. About 100 people drown from rip currents along U.S. beaches each year, according to the U.S. Lifesaving Association, and more than 80 percent of beach rescues annually involve rip currents. (David Santiago/Miami Herald via AP, File)

FILE - Beachgoers walk past warning flags and signs, Jan. 13, 2020, in Pompano Beach, Fla. About 100 people drown from rip currents along U.S. beaches each year, according to the U.S. Lifesaving Association, and more than 80 percent of beach rescues annually involve rip currents. (Joe Cavaretta/South Florida Sun-Sentinel via AP, File)

ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. (AP) — Stinging jellyfish, rays with their whip-like tails and sharks on the hunt are some ocean hazards that might typically worry beachgoers. But rip currents are the greatest danger and account for the most beach rescues every year.

Six people drowned in rip currents over a recent two-day period in Florida, including a couple vacationing on Hutchinson Island from Pennsylvania with their six children and three young men on a Panhandle holiday from Alabama, officials say.

About 100 people drown from rip currents along U.S. beaches each year, according to the United States Lifesaving Association . And more than 80 percent of beach rescues annually involve rip currents.

The National Weather Service lists 16 known deaths so far in 2024 from rip currents in U.S. waters, including the Florida fatalities as well as eight deaths in Puerto Rico and two in Texas.

Here are some things to know about rip currents:

What is a rip current?

Rip currents are narrow columns of water flowing rapidly away from the beach, like a swift stream within the ocean. They don’t pull swimmers under water, but can carry them out a fair distance from shore.

Low spots along the beach, or areas near jetties or piers, are often where rip currents form. They can be connected to stormy weather but also sometimes occur during sunny days. They can be hard to detect because the surface water often appears calm.

The current can flow as swiftly as eight feet per second (3.2 meters per second), faster than even a strong swimmer can overcome, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

“If you’re caught in one and you try to swim straight in, you’re not going to be able to,” said Daniel Barnickel of Palm Beach County Ocean Rescue.

How can someone escape a rip current?

The most frequent advice from beach rescue teams and weather forecasters is to not panic and look for a chance to swim parallel to the shore until the swimmer is out of the rip current’s grip. It will eventually dissipate but might leave the swimmer out in deeper water.

It’s nearly impossible to fight the current directly. Many swimmers who get in trouble tire themselves out trying to get back to the beach, lifeguards say. If possible, it’s best to swim near a lifeguard station.

“Most of our rip current rescues happen outside the guarded areas because we’re not there to prevent it from happening,” Barnickel said.

What warning systems exist for rip currents?

Flags with different colors are used to warn beachgoers of various hazards.

Three flags warn of surf and rip current conditions. Red means a high hazard, yellow means a moderate threat and green means low danger. There’s also purple for dangerous sea life, like jellyfish, and double red when a beach is closed for any reason.

The National Weather Service posts rip current risks on its websites around the coasts and has developed a computer model that can predict when conditions are favorable for their formation up to six days in advance for the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts, Puerto Rico, Hawaii and Guam.

“Before this, forecasters were manually predicting rip currents on a large section of the ocean twice a day and only a day or two into the future. The earlier prediction has potential to substantially increase awareness and reduce drownings,” said Gregory Dusek, a NOAA scientist who developed the model, in a post on the agency’s website.

High risk warnings were posted for most Florida beaches last week, when the drownings occurred.

Should someone attempt a rip current rescue?

It can be dangerous to try to rescue someone caught in a rip current, officials say. Often the people trying to perform the rescue can get into trouble themselves.

It’s best to find a lifeguard, if there is one, or call 911 if a struggling swimmer is spotted. People on shore can also try to tell the person to swim parallel to shore.

“Never swim alone. And always make sure that there’s an adult. And make sure that you don’t overestimate your abilities. Know your limits,” Barnickel said.

Associated Press video journalist Cody Jackson in Palm Beach contributed to this story.