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How to Use the Baby Thesis Method for Cohesive Essays

Krystal N. Craiker

Teaching writing to students is a major challenge for every teacher. One of the hardest parts for students is writing a cohesive essay. They might have great introductions and solid body paragraphs, but their essays can often lack unity and flow.

As teachers, we harp on about the importance of having a strong thesis statement. Usually, we teach students to list their three main points in their thesis statement. This is an easy way to show students that their main points should relate to the essay topic.

But then the body paragraphs fall flat. They cover each of the main points, but the students haven’t shown how those points relate to the entire topic of the essay. They are little more than fact dumps, and they don’t tie back to the thesis statement or the prompt of the paper.

Teachers live for light bulb moments. And that light bulb moment for cohesive essays might be as simple as a terminology change.

The DBQ Project has two unique terms for their writing process. First, they refer to the major points in an essay as “buckets.” They also changed the term from topic sentence to “baby thesis.”

What Is the DBQ Project?

The baby thesis, words matter.

The DBQ Project is a program for social studies teachers to encourage writing across the curriculum and historical thinking skills. DBQs, or document-based questions, are a type of history essay that provide a series of primary and secondary sources that relate to an overall prompt. AP history tests include DBQs, but these skills are adaptable for all levels.

DBQ essay prompts are not just explanations of a historical topic. They ask students to defend a particular argument using primary and secondary sources and prior knowledge. The DBQ Project makes teaching this writing skill accessible for every level of learner.

The lessons that come from the DBQ Project are not just for social studies. How DBQs are taught can help students write stronger arguments in a more cohesive essay across all subjects.

A good scholar lets the evidence inform their argument, not the other way around. This requires two major steps: analysis and categorization.

Categorization is not a skill that comes naturally to many students. It’s considered one of the highest-level activities in both Bloom’s and Marzano’s levels of thinking. But it’s the skill that is necessary for creating strong body paragraphs .

DBQs are a great way to teach this skill because the documents are provided to the students. However, if you’re writing in English or science class, you’ll need to help teach this skill differently.

For higher-performing students, encourage them to research a topic, write down facts or quotes on notecards or a graphic organizer, and then practice putting this information into “buckets.” For lower-level students, provide excerpts of research for them to categorize. If necessary, you can even provide them with the categories and have them sort the research into those specific categories.

Visual aids are helpful for this step. Teach that “like goes with like.” You can even model with actual plastic buckets or a bucket template if you want. Use kinesthetic learning to have students physically place their research in different groups.

Once their research is divided into buckets, it’s time to take a look at the prompt again. This is where you’ll teach writing a strong thesis statement for the whole paper. After that, introduce the concept of a “baby thesis.”

Students are likely familiar with the phrase “topic sentence.” But a topic sentence can miss the entire point of strong body paragraphs. A topic sentence can tell you what a paragraph is about, but it might not tie in to the overall thesis of the paper. This is where cohesion begins to drop off.

I’m arguing semantics here, but how we phrase things in the classroom can trigger those light bulb moments for students.

The Purpose of a Baby Thesis

A strong topic sentence should do two things:

• Tell what the paragraph is about, and
• Tie back to the thesis of the whole essay.

Students can fairly easily give you a simple sentence that explains what the paragraph is about, but they struggle to relate it back to the overall thesis of the paper. Calling it a “baby thesis” reminds the students that this sentence should support their thesis.

When I modeled pre-writing, I drew a lot of arrows back to my thesis statement to really hammer home the idea that they relate back to their thesis. Let’s look at an example of a thesis statement along with weak and strong topic sentences.

Thesis: The New Deal programs had long-lasting effects on the political, social, and economic systems in American, many of which are still present today.

Weak Topic Sentence: There were also many economic programs in the New Deal.

Strong Topic Sentence: The New Deal also established many economic programs that affect Americans every day.

The first topic sentence is structurally sound. It has a clear transition and lets us know that the paragraph is about economic programs of the New Deal. However, it doesn’t show that the paragraph is specifically about long-lasting or present-day programs that are still in place. With this topic sentence, students might put in examples of economic programs that only lasted a few years.

The stronger topic sentence is a “baby thesis.” Not only does it tell us that the paragraph is about New Deal economic programs, it reminds us that we are only looking at those programs which are still in place. This ensures that your student puts only information that is relevant to the thesis in the paragraph.

A “baby thesis” also reminds students that they need to relate every fact or bit of research back to the thesis . Too often, students write a basic topic sentence and deliver several facts, but they don’t provide any analysis. In the above example, a weak paragraph would list the FDIC and US Employment Service as examples of economic programs without explaining how they affect Americans today. The “baby thesis” reminds students to provide the analysis needed for a cohesive essay.

Baby Thesis as Pre-Writing

When we teach pre-writing, we start with a thesis statement and an outline. We always tell students to decide what their major points are before they write.

The DBQ Project takes this one step further. To ensure an essay that flows well and stays on topic, include the baby thesis as a pre-writing step. Have them write these strong topic sentences before they write the essay as a whole. It will help them organize their thoughts and create a more solid outline.

You can also use this pre-writing step to provide feedback on their baby thesis statements. Offer suggestions to improve these before they begin writing the essay. Strong baby theses will help your students stay on-topic and write an essay that flows well.

Teachers and writers know that it’s not just what you say, but how you say it. Teachers especially know that you can explain something a dozen times to a student who doesn’t understand, but as soon as you explain it differently, they get it.

If you’re struggling to get your students’ essays to be well-organized and cohesive with a strong argument, take a note from the DBQ Project. Change your word choice and how you explain the parts of an essay. It might just be the light bulb you’ve been waiting for.

What is the hardest part about teaching essay-writing? Let us know in the comments.

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Krystal N. Craiker is the Writing Pirate, an indie romance author and blog manager at ProWritingAid. She sails the seven internet seas, breaking tropes and bending genres. She has a background in anthropology and education, which brings fresh perspectives to her romance novels. When she’s not daydreaming about her next book or article, you can find her cooking gourmet gluten-free cuisine, laughing at memes, and playing board games. Krystal lives in Dallas, Texas with her husband, child, and basset hound.

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• What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

What Is a Thesis? | Ultimate Guide & Examples

Published on September 14, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on April 16, 2024.

A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master’s program or a capstone to a bachelor’s degree.

Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation , it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete. It relies on your ability to conduct research from start to finish: choosing a relevant topic , crafting a proposal , designing your research , collecting data , developing a robust analysis, drawing strong conclusions , and writing concisely .

Thesis template

You can also download our full thesis template in the format of your choice below. Our template includes a ready-made table of contents , as well as guidance for what each chapter should include. It’s easy to make it your own, and can help you get started.

Download Word template Download Google Docs template

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Table of contents

Thesis vs. thesis statement, how to structure a thesis, acknowledgements or preface, list of figures and tables, list of abbreviations, introduction, literature review, methodology, reference list, proofreading and editing, defending your thesis, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about theses.

You may have heard the word thesis as a standalone term or as a component of academic writing called a thesis statement . Keep in mind that these are two very different things.

• A thesis statement is a very common component of an essay, particularly in the humanities. It usually comprises 1 or 2 sentences in the introduction of your essay , and should clearly and concisely summarize the central points of your academic essay .
• A thesis is a long-form piece of academic writing, often taking more than a full semester to complete. It is generally a degree requirement for Master’s programs, and is also sometimes required to complete a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts colleges.
• In the US, a dissertation is generally written as a final step toward obtaining a PhD.
• In other countries (particularly the UK), a dissertation is generally written at the bachelor’s or master’s level.

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The final structure of your thesis depends on a variety of components, such as:

• Your discipline
• Your theoretical approach

Humanities theses are often structured more like a longer-form essay . Just like in an essay, you build an argument to support a central thesis.

In both hard and social sciences, theses typically include an introduction , literature review , methodology section ,  results section , discussion section , and conclusion section . These are each presented in their own dedicated section or chapter. In some cases, you might want to add an appendix .

Thesis examples

We’ve compiled a short list of thesis examples to help you get started.

• Example thesis #1:   “Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807” by Suchait Kahlon.
• Example thesis #2: “’A Starving Man Helping Another Starving Man’: UNRRA, India, and the Genesis of Global Relief, 1943-1947″ by Julian Saint Reiman.

The very first page of your thesis contains all necessary identifying information, including:

• Your full title
• Your full name
• Your department
• Your institution and degree program
• Your submission date.

Sometimes the title page also includes your student ID, the name of your supervisor, or the university’s logo. Check out your university’s guidelines if you’re not sure.

Read more about title pages

The acknowledgements section is usually optional. Its main point is to allow you to thank everyone who helped you in your thesis journey, such as supervisors, friends, or family. You can also choose to write a preface , but it’s typically one or the other, not both.

Read more about acknowledgements Read more about prefaces

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An abstract is a short summary of your thesis. Usually a maximum of 300 words long, it’s should include brief descriptions of your research objectives , methods, results, and conclusions. Though it may seem short, it introduces your work to your audience, serving as a first impression of your thesis.

Read more about abstracts

A table of contents lists all of your sections, plus their corresponding page numbers and subheadings if you have them. This helps your reader seamlessly navigate your document.

Your table of contents should include all the major parts of your thesis. In particular, don’t forget the the appendices. If you used heading styles, it’s easy to generate an automatic table Microsoft Word.

Read more about tables of contents

While not mandatory, if you used a lot of tables and/or figures, it’s nice to include a list of them to help guide your reader. It’s also easy to generate one of these in Word: just use the “Insert Caption” feature.

Read more about lists of figures and tables

If you have used a lot of industry- or field-specific abbreviations in your thesis, you should include them in an alphabetized list of abbreviations . This way, your readers can easily look up any meanings they aren’t familiar with.

Read more about lists of abbreviations

Relatedly, if you find yourself using a lot of very specialized or field-specific terms that may not be familiar to your reader, consider including a glossary . Alphabetize the terms you want to include with a brief definition.

Read more about glossaries

An introduction sets up the topic, purpose, and relevance of your thesis, as well as expectations for your reader. This should:

• Ground your research topic , sharing any background information your reader may need
• Define the scope of your work
• Introduce any existing research on your topic, situating your work within a broader problem or debate
• State your research question(s)
• Outline (briefly) how the remainder of your work will proceed

In other words, your introduction should clearly and concisely show your reader the “what, why, and how” of your research.

Read more about introductions

A literature review helps you gain a robust understanding of any extant academic work on your topic, encompassing:

• Selecting relevant sources
• Determining the credibility of your sources
• Critically evaluating each of your sources
• Drawing connections between sources, including any themes, patterns, conflicts, or gaps

A literature review is not merely a summary of existing work. Rather, your literature review should ultimately lead to a clear justification for your own research, perhaps via:

• Addressing a gap in the literature
• Building on existing knowledge to draw new conclusions
• Exploring a new theoretical or methodological approach
• Introducing a new solution to an unresolved problem
• Definitively advocating for one side of a theoretical debate

Read more about literature reviews

Theoretical framework

Your literature review can often form the basis for your theoretical framework, but these are not the same thing. A theoretical framework defines and analyzes the concepts and theories that your research hinges on.

Read more about theoretical frameworks

Your methodology chapter shows your reader how you conducted your research. It should be written clearly and methodically, easily allowing your reader to critically assess the credibility of your argument. Furthermore, your methods section should convince your reader that your method was the best way to answer your research question.

A methodology section should generally include:

• Your overall approach ( quantitative vs. qualitative )
• Your research methods (e.g., a longitudinal study )
• Your data collection methods (e.g., interviews or a controlled experiment
• Any tools or materials you used (e.g., computer software)
• The data analysis methods you chose (e.g., statistical analysis , discourse analysis )
• A strong, but not defensive justification of your methods

Read more about methodology sections

Your results section should highlight what your methodology discovered. These two sections work in tandem, but shouldn’t repeat each other. While your results section can include hypotheses or themes, don’t include any speculation or new arguments here.

Your results section should:

• State each (relevant) result with any (relevant) descriptive statistics (e.g., mean , standard deviation ) and inferential statistics (e.g., test statistics , p values )
• Explain how each result relates to the research question
• Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

Additional data (like raw numbers or interview transcripts ) can be included as an appendix . You can include tables and figures, but only if they help the reader better understand your results.

Read more about results sections

Your discussion section is where you can interpret your results in detail. Did they meet your expectations? How well do they fit within the framework that you built? You can refer back to any relevant source material to situate your results within your field, but leave most of that analysis in your literature review.

For any unexpected results, offer explanations or alternative interpretations of your data.

Read more about discussion sections

Your thesis conclusion should concisely answer your main research question. It should leave your reader with an ultra-clear understanding of your central argument, and emphasize what your research specifically has contributed to your field.

Why does your research matter? What recommendations for future research do you have? Lastly, wrap up your work with any concluding remarks.

Read more about conclusions

In order to avoid plagiarism , don’t forget to include a full reference list at the end of your thesis, citing the sources that you used. Choose one citation style and follow it consistently throughout your thesis, taking note of the formatting requirements of each style.

Which style you choose is often set by your department or your field, but common styles include MLA , Chicago , and APA.

Create APA citations Create MLA citations

In order to stay clear and concise, your thesis should include the most essential information needed to answer your research question. However, chances are you have many contributing documents, like interview transcripts or survey questions . These can be added as appendices , to save space in the main body.

Read more about appendices

Once you’re done writing, the next part of your editing process begins. Leave plenty of time for proofreading and editing prior to submission. Nothing looks worse than grammar mistakes or sloppy spelling errors!

Consider using a professional thesis editing service or grammar checker to make sure your final project is perfect.

Once you’ve submitted your final product, it’s common practice to have a thesis defense, an oral component of your finished work. This is scheduled by your advisor or committee, and usually entails a presentation and Q&A session.

After your defense , your committee will meet to determine if you deserve any departmental honors or accolades. However, keep in mind that defenses are usually just a formality. If there are any serious issues with your work, these should be resolved with your advisor way before a defense.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

Research bias

• Survivorship bias
• Self-serving bias
• Availability heuristic
• Halo effect
• Hindsight bias
• Deep learning
• Generative AI
• Machine learning
• Reinforcement learning
• Supervised vs. unsupervised learning

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The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation shouldn’t take up more than 5–7% of your overall word count.

If you only used a few abbreviations in your thesis or dissertation , you don’t necessarily need to include a list of abbreviations .

If your abbreviations are numerous, or if you think they won’t be known to your audience, it’s never a bad idea to add one. They can also improve readability, minimizing confusion about abbreviations unfamiliar to your reader.

When you mention different chapters within your text, it’s considered best to use Roman numerals for most citation styles. However, the most important thing here is to remain consistent whenever using numbers in your dissertation .

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation , such as:

• Your anticipated title
• Your abstract
• Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review , research methods , avenues for future research, etc.)

A thesis is typically written by students finishing up a bachelor’s or Master’s degree. Some educational institutions, particularly in the liberal arts, have mandatory theses, but they are often not mandatory to graduate from bachelor’s degrees. It is more common for a thesis to be a graduation requirement from a Master’s degree.

Even if not mandatory, you may want to consider writing a thesis if you:

• Plan to attend graduate school soon
• Have a particular topic you’d like to study more in-depth
• Are considering a career in research
• Would like a capstone experience to tie up your academic experience

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How to Write Your Thesis

I. Thesis structure

List of Figures

List of tables, introduction.

Be sure to include a hook at the beginning of the introduction. This is a statement of something sufficiently interesting to motivate your reader to read the rest of the paper, it is an important/interesting scientific problem that your paper either solves or addresses. You should draw the reader in and make them want to read the rest of the paper.

Note: Results vs. Discussion Sections

II. Crosscutting Issues

What are we looking for, planning ahead for your thesis.

Skimming vs. Reading

Giving Credit

• direct quotes or illustrations without quotation marks, without attribution
• direct quotes without quotation marks, with attribution
• concepts/ideas without attribution
• concepts/ideas with sloppy attribution
• omitting or fabricating data or results

III. Editing Your Thesis

20+ Examples of Thesis Statements

Thesis Writing

Imagine your thesis statement as a roadmap for your essay. It’s the signpost that shows readers where you’re headed. But creating a powerful one can be tricky.

Table of Contents

In this blog, we’ll show you how to make great thesis statements. We’ve got real examples on various topics. These examples will help you understand how to write thesis statements that grab attention and get your point across.

Whether you’re a student or a writer, our simple examples will guide you in crafting thesis statement  that work. Let’s dive in and learn how to make your writing more persuasive, one example at a time.

Different Examples of Thesis Statements:

Here are examples of thesis statements on various subjects

1. Education:

“The quality of education is a critical factor in determining a nation’s future economic and social success.”

2. Social Media:

“Social media has profoundly reshaped the way we communicate, connect, and share information, influencing both personal and societal dynamics.”

3. Poverty:

“Persistent poverty is a multi-faceted problem that requires comprehensive social, economic, and political interventions to alleviate its effects.”

4. Bullying:

“Bullying, in its various forms, has detrimental consequences on the mental and emotional well-being of both victims and perpetrators.”

5. Climate Change:

“The urgency of addressing climate change is underscored by its severe environmental, economic, and humanitarian impacts, necessitating global cooperation.”

6. Culture:

“Culture plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals’ identities and influencing societal norms and values.”

7. Abortion:

“The debate over abortion rights revolves around complex ethical, legal, and medical considerations, making it a highly contentious issue.”

8. Cyberbullying:

“Cyberbullying is a modern manifestation of harassment that poses unique challenges and requires effective prevention and intervention strategies.”

9. Drug Addiction:

“Drug addiction is a public health crisis with far-reaching consequences, necessitating a holistic approach that combines prevention, treatment, and support.”

10. Environmental Problems:

“Addressing environmental problems such as pollution, deforestation, and habitat loss is essential for the long-term sustainability of our planet.”

11. Gender Equality:

“Achieving gender equality is not only a moral imperative but also a key driver of social and economic progress.”

12. Racism:

“Racism persists as a deeply rooted societal issue that requires ongoing efforts to dismantle systemic inequalities and promote racial equity.”

13. Reading:

“Promoting a culture of reading is crucial for fostering intellectual development, empathy, and critical thinking skills in individuals.”

14. Obesity:

“The rise in obesity rates is a multifaceted problem influenced by diet, lifestyle, and societal factors that demand comprehensive prevention strategies.”

15. Democracy:

“Democracy remains a cherished ideal, but its implementation and sustainability are contingent upon active civic engagement and protection of democratic institutions.”

16. Communication:

“Effective communication is the cornerstone of successful personal relationships, professional endeavors, and societal cohesion.”

17. Death Penalty:

“The ethical and practical considerations surrounding the death penalty continue to fuel debates on its morality and effectiveness as a deterrent.”

18. Early Pregnancy:

“Early pregnancy among adolescents has significant societal implications, highlighting the need for comprehensive sex education and support systems.”

19. School:

“The quality of the school environment and educational resources profoundly impacts students’ academic achievements and overall development.”

20. Disease:

“Disease outbreaks, such as pandemics, underscore the importance of global cooperation, healthcare infrastructure, and preparedness.”

21. Divorce:

“The high divorce rates in contemporary society necessitate a closer examination of the underlying causes and their effects on families and individuals.”

22. Global Warming:

“Global warming is an imminent threat to the planet’s ecosystems and requires immediate action to mitigate its effects.”

23. Globalization:

“Globalization has reshaped the world’s economies and cultures, presenting both opportunities and challenges for nations and individuals.”

24. Mental Health:

“The stigma surrounding mental health issues hinders access to care and requires a concerted effort to promote awareness and support.”

25. Criminal Justice:

“Reforming the criminal justice system is imperative to address issues of over-policing, mass incarceration, and systemic inequalities.”

26. Violence:

Violence in society demands comprehensive strategies that address its root causes, including poverty, inequality, and access to firearms.”

27. Voting:

“Protecting and expanding access to the voting process is essential for preserving democracy and ensuring the representation of all citizens.”

28. Business:

“The role of businesses in society extends beyond profit-making; it includes responsibilities to address social and environmental concerns.”

29. Nursing:

“Nursing is a critical profession that plays a central role in patient care, healthcare delivery, and public health.”

Examples of Different Types of Thesis Statements:

Here are examples of different types of thesis statements:

Thesis Statement for an Essay:

“The impact of social media on interpersonal relationships is a complex phenomenon that requires a comprehensive examination of its positive and negative effects.”

Thesis Statement for an Informative Essay:

“This essay will explore the history, causes, and consequences of climate change in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of this pressing global issue.”

Thesis Statement for a Research Paper:

“Through an in-depth analysis of primary sources and expert interviews, this research paper aims to uncover the underlying factors that contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire.”

Thesis Statement for an Opinion Essay:

“In my opinion, stricter gun control measures are necessary to reduce gun-related violence and safeguard the well-being of our communities.”

Thesis Statement for a Thesis (Master’s or Ph.D.):

“This thesis seeks to investigate the potential applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare, focusing on its role in diagnosing and treating rare diseases.”

Thesis Statement for an Argumentative Essay:

“The legalization of marijuana should be pursued as it can lead to increased tax revenue, reduced strain on the criminal justice system, and improved regulation of the drug.”

Thesis Statement for a Persuasive Essay:

“Students should have the option to choose their own courses in college because it promotes a more personalized and effective learning experience.”

Thesis Statement for a Problem Solution Essay:

“This essay will propose practical solutions to address the issue of plastic pollution in our oceans, emphasizing the importance of recycling, reducing single-use plastics, and raising awareness.”

Thesis Statement for a Process Essay:

“The process of baking a perfect chocolate chip cookie requires precise measurements, high-quality ingredients, and careful attention to temperature and timing.”

Thesis Statement for a Descriptive Essay:

“In this descriptive essay, I will vividly depict the breathtaking natural beauty of the Grand Canyon, highlighting its awe-inspiring landscapes and geological wonders.”

In writing, a strong thesis statement is your best friend. It’s the key to clear and persuasive essays. We’ve shown you real-life examples on various topics to help you get the hang of it.

Remember, a good thesis statement is clear and catchy. It keeps your readers interested and your essay on track. These examples are your starting point.

Now, as you write, let these examples be your guide. Whether you’re a student or a writer, use them to make your writing stand out. Your words have the power to change minds and spark ideas.

So, armed with these examples, go ahead and write your own compelling thesis statements. Happy writing!

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EMMANUEL RYAN P. FRANCISCO

Emman Francisco RN

The main intention of this paper is to provide the readers a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of the use of the different social networking sites to the academic performance of the 4th year section Excellence of Baliuag University. This also aims to promote awareness on the role of advanced technology on the lives of students. An in-depth analysis on both positive and negative effects is made. The researchers are apt to determine the relationship between and among variables under investigation. They came up with two hypotheses :1) A person who spends longer hours in using SNS than studying is more likely to have poor academic performance, lower grades and difficult understanding of the lessons ; and 2) A person who spends longer hours in studying than using SNS is more likely to have good academic performance, higher grades and better understanding of the lessons. Guided by the purpose of this study, questionnaires were distributed to 4th year students, section Excellence. The Convenience Sampling was used. Most of the respondents are 15 to 16 years old. They are all users of SNS. The Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are the three top SNS that most of the respondents use most of them claim that they spend 1-2 hours in using SNS while they spend 3 to 4 hours in studying. Most of them maintain their academic performance even after becoming active users of SNS. These students use SNS as additional references in their studies. On the other hand, the problems that other encountered on the use of SNS are time management and study habits related.

rama prasad

This paper is aimed at determining whether the social networking site affect the academic performance of student.Social network have indeed created a great impact on academic performance of student, basically this study was conducted to examine the impact of social networking site. Questionnaire was the main instrument for gathering data and chi-square was used as a mathematical tool to test the hypothesis, all in order to find out if social networking affects students performance academically

IJSRP Journal

Social Media is considered as phenomenal in today’s generation. It conquered the world by storm and became more popular to the youth of most nations including the Philippines. This research aims to study the relationship of Social Media in relation to the Academic Performance of the the students of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology at Centro Escolar University-Malolos. Among the one thirty eight (138) respondents drawn using stratified random sampling there are 45 first years, 37 second and third years and 19 fourth years. There are 102 males and 36 females participated in this study. Seventy one (71) or 51.4% of the respondents have reached below satisfactory grade average while sixty seven (67) or 48.6% students have successfully reached the satisfactory academic performance from an average grade. Sixty one (61) or 44.3% falls under the Occasional User of Social Media while seventy seven (77) or 55.7% falls under Frequent User of Social Media. This represents that there are more Frequent User of Social Media among the respondents participated in this study. Students’ Prelim and Midterm Average and their Social Media usage were correlated using Pearson ( r ) correlation and evaluated that there is moderate significant relationship between Social Media and the Academic Performance of the BSIT students of Centro Escolar University – Malolos, Bulacan.

Quennie Jane Sayre

calqus wutos

Social networking media has been the major source of communication between individuals in the world over, hence, the label cyber-world. This includes Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Instagram, Flicker, Frienster, Blogs, Podcast, Youtube, Tumblr and Skype, among others. Users of these forms of media made use of such technology gadgets as cell phones, tablets, laptops, desktop computers, and e-readers. Researchers all over the world have varied findings on the effects of these forms of media on the academic performance of students. Those students who used the media wisely, their academic performance improved. However, those who failed to regulate their use of these social networking tools negatively affected their studies which oftentimes led to their addicted use. In general, the study found out that the exposure of the IMEAS students to the social networking media positively affected their academic performance. Hence, the University must implement policies and projects designed for more easy access of the students to the Facebook network site in the school campus. In contrast, there is also this very disturbing finding of the study which disclosed that the students of IMEAS, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato used the social networking media almost daily since majority of them answered to have used said form of media 5-6 days a week at an average of about 1-2 hours every session. With this data, it is recommended that the USM must regulate the proper time usage by the students of social networking media in the campus in order not to destruct with their classroom activities.

Ashma Kusin

Titilope Shukurah

Rannie C O N D E S Agustin

Due to the continuous change in cultural and social aspects and with the accordance of technological revolution, the social networking essence in the face of the internet and web is still in question for the purpose of this research paper we have purposely focused on the perceived effects of social networking site on the study of the grade 10 students of Eastern Visayas State University.

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Fort Hall Woman Sentenced to Federal Prison for Causing the Death of Her 7-Week-Old Baby by Methamphetamine Exposure

POCATELLO – Keisha Cody, 27, of Fort Hall, was sentenced to five years in federal prison for felony injury to a child, following the death of her seven-week-old baby boy on December 10, 2019, at Fort Hall, U.S. Attorney Josh Hurwit announced today.

According to court records, Cody admitted to recklessly causing the health of her child to be injured by willfully exposing the child to methamphetamine and causing the child to become malnourished, which resulted in the child’s death.  On December 10, 2019, Fort Hall Police and an ambulance were called to Cody’s residence on the Fort Hall Reservation of the Shoshone‑Bannock Tribes because of a report of a child who was not breathing.  A person staying at the residence that night told police that she woke up about 9:00 am and Cody was crying, stating that her baby would not wake up.  Emergency medical personnel performed life-saving measures on the child, but the seven-week-old boy was later declared dead.

An autopsy concluded that the cause of death was malnutrition, and that the child had a significant level of methamphetamine in his blood, which contributed to his malnutrition and death.  Cody admitted in an interview with the FBI that she used methamphetamine around the child and otherwise exposed the child to methamphetamine. 

“This case painfully demonstrates the deadly consequences of substance abuse and drug addiction,” said U.S. Attorney Hurwit.  “We stand with the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, as well as the law enforcement officers and emergency personnel who responded to this tragedy, in mourning this loss of life.”

“The loss of her innocent newborn is something this mother will now have to live with for the rest of her life,” said Special Agent in Charge Shohini Sinha of the Salt Lake City FBI.  “This case shows the unintended and devastating consequences of drug addiction.  The FBI and our partners are continuously working to combat this problem which has resulted in so much pain and destruction in our communities.”

Chief U.S. District Judge David C. Nye ordered that the five-year prison sentence be followed by three years of supervised release.  Cody pleaded guilty to the charge on December 21, 2023.

U.S. Attorney Josh Hurwit commended the cooperative efforts of the FBI, the Fort Hall Police Department, the Bannock County Coroner’s Office, CARES at St. Luke’s in Twin Falls, and the Ada County Coroner’s Office.  Assistant U.S. Attorney Jack Haycock prosecuted the case.

CASSIE FULGHUM

Public Information Officer

(208) 334-1211

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Pregnant teen in stolen SUV shot by Milwaukee officer after chase and lost her fetus

A pregnant 18-year-old was shot and lost her fetus when a Milwaukee police officer fired on a stolen vehicle connected to two carjackings that led police on a chase Thursday afternoon, the city's police chief said.

A 17-year-old was also shot and wounded in the interstate incident.

During the pursuit, which started after police tried to pull it over, the stolen SUV became trapped in a construction zone and struck a police vehicle before the officer fired, Milwaukee Police Chief Jeffrey B. Norman told reporters.

The 18-year-old was in life-threatening condition at a hospital, and her unborn baby did not survive, Norman said.

A 17-year-old male was in serious condition, Norman said. He described them as suspects.

Six people were in the vehicle, Norman said, including the two who were shot.

A 15-year-old girl, a 17-year-old boy, a 16-year-old boy and another 18-year-old woman were also in the vehicle and taken to a hospital for minor injuries, Norman said.

The police chase started around 2:20 p.m. and ended when the stolen vehicle entered a construction lane on Interstate 43 and was blocked by roadwork and a cement truck, Norman said. A Milwaukee police officer gave commands to stop and for the people inside to get out, he said.

“The suspect driver reversed the vehicle, striking a marked squad car. The suspect driver drove forward and then reversed the vehicle. An officer was located behind the vehicle at that time,” Norman said.

“At this time another officer discharged his firearm into the vehicle, subsequently striking two suspects,” he said.

The police officer who fired was not identified; Norman said he is a 25-year-old man with over four years of service. He will be placed on administrative duty, which Norman said is routine after a shooting.

West Allis police are leading the investigation, he said.

Norman said a firearm was found in the stolen vehicle. He said the roles of those in the vehicle were also under investigation.

Norman said any body-worn video would be released “soon.”

All six people in the vehicle were arrested, and charges were forwarded to the Milwaukee County District Attorney’s Office, police said. None of them have been publicly identified.

The shooting resulted in the full closure of a section of the highway, which runs north and south through Milwaukee and the area.

Milwaukee hosts the Republican National Convention in about three weeks. Former President Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican nominee, recently came under fire after reports emerged that he called Milwaukee “a horrible city” at a meeting with House Republicans.

Carjackings have been on the rise in Milwaukee recently, increasing by 16% from 2022 to 2023, from 398 to 463, according to police data . They are up 12% year-to-date from last year to this year.

Norman said more has to be done in Milwaukee to keep young people engaged in positive activities. He called Thursday's situation "unacceptable" and said there is no reason for young people to have guns.

"Parents: What is going on with your children? People in our community, how are we helping to keep our kids in positive behaviors, rather than what we’re seeing today?" Norman said.

"This should never have happened," he said. "This is unacceptable, and everyone who hears this should be appalled and angered."

Phil Helsel is a reporter for NBC News.