research articles in ecology

Millions of Very Hungry Caterpillars Are Munching Their Way through U.S. Forests

Drought is facilitating the devastating spread of spongy moth caterpillars across U.S. forests

Zoya Teirstein, Grist

Avocado Farms Aren’t Sustainable Now, but They Could Be

Avocados are marketed as a superfood, but growing them for an expanding world market has turned a rural Mexican state into an unsustainable monoculture

Viridiana Hernández Fernández, The Conversation US

Humans Are Driving a New Kind of Evolution in Animals

Anthropogenic evolution is affecting species across the planet

Lee Alan Dugatkin

We Are in the Golden Age of Bird-Watching

There has never been a better time to be or become a birder

How Ugandan Tobacco Farming Inadvertently Threatens Spread of Bat-Borne Viruses

By cutting trees in response to international demand for tobacco, farmers induced wildlife to start eating virus-laden bat guano

Rachel Nuwer

Neither Plants nor Animals, These Ocean Organisms Protect Their Ecosystems against Heat Waves

Mixotrophs, which have characteristics of both animals and plants, could help blunt the effects of marine heat waves on ocean ecosystems

To Help Fish Migrate through a Dutch Canal, Ring the Dam Doorbell!

An online underwater livestream lets worldwide volunteers ring a “fish doorbell” to help fish fulfill their reproductive missions

Riis Williams

Old-Growth Forests Know How to Protect Themselves from Fire

People keep trying to help old-growth forests survive fire by cutting trees, even though the forests have done fine on their own for 1,000 years

Alexis Marie Adams

How Wild Animals Actually Responded to Our COVID Lockdowns

The COVID lockdowns and the subsequent reemergence of humans had some surprising effects on wildlife beyond “nature is healing” tropes

Douglas Main

Leaving Pet Poop on the Sidewalk Isn’t Only Bad Manners—It’s Hazardous

Signs reminding pet owners to “curb" their dog and scoop their pet’s poop have been joined in some places by posted warnings that pet waste can spread disease

Julia Wuerz, The Conversation US

Why Do Dogs Wag Their Tail?

Is your dog’s tail-wagging a side effect of domestication, or did humans select for it?

Tom Metcalfe

Cleaning Water Naturally the Ancient Maya Way

The ancestral Maya lived in better harmony with the environment and kept water clean naturally. We can learn from them

Lisa J. Lucero

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Northward expansion trends and future potential distribution of a dragonfly Ischnura senegalensis Rambur under climate change using citizen science data in South Korea

Citizen science is becoming a mainstream approach of baseline data collection to monitor biodiversity and climate change. Dragonflies (Odonata) have been ranked as the highest priority group in biodiversity mo...

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Morphological variables restrict flower choice of Lycaenid butterfly species: implication for pollination and conservation

Butterflies make an important part for plant-pollinator guild. These are nectar feeder or occasionally pollen feeder and thus proboscis of the butterfly species are considered as one of the most important vari...

Honey bees and their brood: a potentially valuable resource of food, worthy of greater appreciation and scientific attention

Despite the consumption of bee brood in several parts of the world, particularly in the tropical areas, the practice has received comparatively little attention. We have reviewed all the available information ...

Attributes and references to honey bees (Insecta; Hymenoptera; Apidae) and their products in some Asian and Australian societies’ folkloristic domains

References to insects in myths, stories, and idioms can be found in almost any culture, but with regard to references involving honey bee species in the Asia-Australian region, little information is available....

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determining their spatial distribution

As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of...

Spatial distribution of halophytes and environment factors in salt marshes along the eastern Yellow Sea

Salt marshes provide a variety of ecosystem services; however, they are vulnerable to human activity, water level fluctuations, and climate change. Analyses of the relationships between plant communities and e...

PollMap: a software for crop pollination mapping in agricultural landscapes

Ecosystem service mapping is an important tool for decision-making in landscape planning and natural resource management. Today, pollination service mapping is based on the Lonsdorf model (InVEST software) tha...

Current status of alert alien species management for the establishment of proactive management systems in Korea

Some of the introduced alien species introduced settle, multiply, and spread to become invasive alien species (IAS) that threaten biodiversity. To prevent this, Korea and other countries legally designate and ...

Dust and sandstorm: ecosystem perspectives on dryland hazards in Northeast Asia: a review

A review of the literature was carried out to study dust and sandstorm (DSS) in terms of its ecosystem processes and relationship to other dryland disasters in Northeast Asia. Drylands are ecosystems that incl...

Changes in nocturnal insect communities in forest-dominated landscape relevant to artificial light intensity

Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically...

Occurrence and diet analysis of sea turtles in Korean shore

Sea turtles, which are globally endangered species, have been stranded and found as bycatch on the Korean shore recently. More studies on sea turtles in Korea are necessary to aid their conservation. To invest...

Quantifying how urban landscape heterogeneity affects land surface temperature at multiple scales

Landscape metrics have been widely applied to quantifying the relationship between land surface temperature and urban spatial patterns and have received acceptable verification from landscape ecologists but so...

The relationship of mean temperature and 9 collected butterfly species’ wingspan as the response of global warming

Organism body size is a basic characteristic in ecology; it is related to temperature according to temperature-size rule. Butterflies are affected in various aspects by climate change because they are sensitiv...

Non-deep physiological dormancy in seeds of Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. native to Korea

Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. is a perennial species native to Jeju Island and the southern coastal area of Korea. Particularly on Jeju Island, the yellow flowers of E. jolkinii Boiss. have a high ornamental value be...

Predation of the Japanese keelback ( Hebius vibakari Boie, 1826) by the Slender racer ( Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866)

The Slender racer ( Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866) has recently been reclassified to the new genus Orientocoluber from Hierophis . Ecological knowledge of this species is limited due to its highly mobile beh...

Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determine their spatial distribution: a case study in Korea

As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent, making them a general problem globally. Anthropogenic activities and climate change have led to alien spec...

Distribution and habitat use of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Understanding the habitat characteristics of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans is the first step in conserving and managing the forests it requires for nesting, gliding, and feeding. Therefo...

How effective are artificial nests in attracting bees? A review

Recent declines in bee populations, along with increasing demand for pollination services in urban, agricultural, and natural environments, have led to strategies to attract wild bees to these areas. One of th...

Tissue-specific systemic responses of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata against stem-boring herbivore attack

Plants are able to optimize defense responses induced by various herbivores, which have different feeding strategies. Local and systemic responses within a plant after herbivory are essential to modulate herbi...

Estimating potential range shift of some wild bees in response to climate change scenarios in northwestern regions of Iran

Climate change is occurring rapidly around the world, and is predicted to have a large impact on biodiversity. Various studies have shown that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of wild bee...

Trends in the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems in the Republic of Korea

In this review, we aimed to synthesize the current knowledge on the observed and projected effects of climate change on the ecosystems of Korea (i.e., the Republic of Korea (ROK) or South Korea), as well as th...

Principle of restoration ecology reflected in the process creating the National Institute of Ecology

The creation of the National Institute of Ecology began as a national alternative project to preserve mudflats instead of constructing the industrial complexes by reclamation, and achieve regional development....

Small-scale spatial genetic structure of Asarum sieboldii metapopulation in a valley

Asarum sieboldii Miq., a species of forest understory vegetation, is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The metapopulation of A. sieboldii is distributed sparsely and has a short se...

Diel and seasonal activity pattern of alien sika deer with sympatric mammalian species from Muljangori-oreum wetland of Hallasan National Park, South Korea

Sika deer, Cervus nippon , were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since be...

Effects of different day length and wind conditions to the seedling growth performance of Phragmites australis

To understand shade and wind effects on seedling traits of common reed ( Phragmites australis ), we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating day length (10 h daytime a day as open canopy conditions or 6 h dayti...

Categorized wetland preference and life forms of the vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula

In 2020, a categorized list of wetland preferences, major habitats, and life forms of 4145 vascular plant taxa occurring in the Korean Peninsula was published by the National Institute of Biological Resources....

Elevational distribution ranges of vascular plant species in the Baekdudaegan mountain range, South Korea

The climate is changing rapidly, and this may pose a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most distinctive consequences of climate change is the poleward and/or upward shift of species distribution ...

Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of Eutrema japonica (Siebold) Koidz. under the pulsed LEDs for simulated sunflecks

The sunfleck is an important light environmental factor for plants that live under the shade of trees. Currently, the smartfarm has a system that can artificially create these sunfleks. Therefore, it was inten...

Influence of trees and associated variables on soil organic carbon: a review

The level of soil organic carbon (SOC) fluctuates in different types of forest stands: this variation can be attributed to differences in tree species, and the variables associated with soil, climate, and topo...

Comparison of ecophysiological and leaf anatomical traits of native and invasive plant species

To address the lack of evidence supporting invasion by three invasive plant species ( Imperata cylindrica, Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata ) in tropical ecosystems, we compared the ecophysiological and leaf...

Effects of soil water content and light intensity on the growth of Molinia japonica in montane wetlands in South Korea

Montane wetlands are unique wetland ecosystems with distinct physicochemical characteristics, and Molinia japonica often makes dominant communities in montane wetlands in South Korea. In order to figure out the e...

First detection of ranavirus in a wild population of Dybowski’s brown frog ( Rana dybowskii ) in South Korea

Ranavirus is an emerging infectious disease which has been linked to mass mortality events in various amphibian species. In this study, we document the first mass mortality event of an adult population of Dybo...

Cushion plant Silene acaulis is a pioneer species at abandoned coal piles in the High Arctic, Svalbard

Abandoned coal piles after the closure of mines have a potential negative influence on the environment, such as soil acidification and heavy metal contamination. Therefore, revegetation by efficient species is...

Vegetation structure and distribution characteristics of Symplocos prunifolia , a rare evergreen broad-leaved tree in Korea

In Korea, Symplocos prunifolia Siebold. & Zucc. is only found on Jeju Island. Conservation of the species is difficult because little is known about its distribution and natural habitat. The lack of research and ...

Growth performance of planted population of Pinus roxburghii in central Nepal

Climate change has altered the various ecosystem processes including forest ecosystem in Himalayan region. Although the high mountain natural forests including treelines in the Himalayan region are mainly repo...

Correction to: Application of smart mosquito monitoring traps for the mosquito forecast systems by Seoul Metropolitan city

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

The original article was published in Journal of Ecology and Environment 2020 44 :13

Correction to: Effect of precipitation on soil respiration in a temperate broad-leaved forest

The original article was published in Journal of Ecology and Environment 2018 42 :10

Effects of cutting and sowing seeds of native species on giant ragweed invasion and plant diversity in a field experiment

Ambrosia trifida is a highly invasive annual plant, but effective control methods have not been proposed. Among various eradication methods, cutting is a simple measure to control invasive plants, and sowing seed...

Mid-term (2009-2019) demographic dynamics of young beech forest in Albongbunji Basin, Ulleungdo, South Korea

The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development that is important for understanding the subsequent understory reinitiation stage and maturation stage during which horizontal heterogeneity is formed. ...

Annual and spatial variabilities in the acorn production of Quercus mongolica

Genus Quercus is a successful group that has occupied the largest area of forest around the world including South Korea. The acorns are an important food source for both wild animals and humans. Although the repr...

Prevalence of Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola and its impact on Parthenium hysterophorus in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious invasive weed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Nepal. Among 11 species of biological control agents released to control P. hysterophorus in Ausrtal...

Ecological impact of fast industrialization inferred from a sediment core in Seocheon, West Coast of Korean Peninsula

Rapid industrialization has caused various impacts on nature, including heavy metal pollution. However, the impacts of industrialization vary depending on the types of industrializing activity and surrounding ...

Influence of roadkill during breeding migration on the sex ratio of land crab ( Sesarma haematoche )

Adult land crabs generally live on land while their larvae live in the sea. In the case of Sesarma haematoche , female crabs migrate from land to sea to release the larvae at the high tide of syzygy night. Artific...

Population structure and regeneration of Himalayan endemic Larix species in three high-altitude valleys in Nepal Himalaya

The Himalayan forests are of great importance to sustain the nature and community resource demands. These forests are facing pressures both from anthropogenic activities and ongoing global climatic changes. Po...

Otolith microchemistry reveals the migration patterns of the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Pisces: Mugilidae) in Korean waters

The flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus has the widest distribution among mugilid species. Recent studies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences showed that the species comprises at least 14 different groups, three...

Population size, group and age structure of geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ) in escarpments of Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia: implication for conservation

Geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ), endemic to Ethiopia, are distributed closely related to the escarpments and gorge systems of the country, and large populations are found in the Simien Mountain National Park. This...

Coexistence of plant species under harsh environmental conditions: an evaluation of niche differentiation and stochasticity along salt marsh creeks

Ecologists have achieved much progress in the study of mechanisms that maintain species coexistence and diversity. In this paper, we reviewed a wide range of past research related to these topics, focusing on ...

Re-emergence of the Glossy Ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus ) in inland South Korea

Glossy Ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus ), which has never been recorded in South Korea, appeared on Jeju Island in 2018 and re-emerged in the inland area of Seocheon-gun (South Chungcheong Province) and in Goyang-si (G...

Diet composition of the Korean wild boar Sus scrofa coreanus (Suidae) at Mt. Jeombongsan, Korea

Korean wild boars ( Sus scrofa coreanus Heude), because of their adaptability, are a widespread large mammal; however, they sometimes cause problems by invading farms and eating the crops, creating insufficiencies...

Review on the succession process of Pinus densiflora forests in South Korea: progressive and disturbance-driven succession

Most of the Pinus densiflora forests, occupying the largest area, have been restored in South Korea since the 1970s. As young pioneer forests, the succession process is under way. Since the forests are distribute...

Journal of Ecology and Environment

ISSN: 2288-1220

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New techniques to quantify what lived in and on preserved animals throw light on how parasite abundance has changed over time.

ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Ecology is the study of the environment, and helps us understand how organisms live with each other in unique physical environments.

Biology, Ecology

Elephant at pond

Watering holes like this attract a wide variety of creatures and offer a unique glimpse into the diverse ecology of the surrounding region.

Photograph by Stuart Black and Alamy Stock Photo

Ecology is the study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them. An ecologist studies the relationship between living things and their habitats. In order to learn about the natural world, ecologists must study multiple aspects of life ranging from the moss that grows on rocks to the wolf population in the United States' Yellowstone National Park. In order to research the environment, scientists ask questions, such as: How do organisms interact with the living and nonliving factors around them? What do organisms need to survive and thrive in their current environments? To find the answers to these questions, ecologists must study and observe all forms of life and their ecosystems throughout our world.

In addition to examining how ecosystems function, ecologists study what happens when ecosystems do not function normally. Changes in ecosystems can result from many different factors including diseases among the organisms living in the area, increases in temperature, and increased human activities. Understanding these changes can help ecologists anticipate future ecological challenges and inform other scientists and policymakers about the challenges facing their local ecosystems.

Ecology first began gaining popularity in the 1960s, when environmental issues were rising to the forefront of public awareness. Although scientists have been studying the natural world for centuries, ecology in the modern sense has only been around since the 19th century. Around this time, European and American scientists began studying how plants functioned and their effects on the habitats around them. Eventually, this led to the study of how animals interact with plants, other animals, and shaped the ecosystems in which they lived. Today, modern ecologists build on the data collected by their predecessors and continue to pass on information about the ecosystems around the world. The information they gather continues to affect the future of our planet.

Human activity plays an important role in the health of ecosystems all around the world. Pollution emitted from fossil fuels or factories can contaminate the food supply for a species, potentially changing an entire food web. Introducing a new species from another part of the world into an unfamiliar environment can have unintended and negative impacts on local lifeforms. These kinds of organisms are called invasive species. Invasive species can be any form of living organism that is brought by humans to a new part of the world where they have no natural predators. The addition or subtraction of a single species from an ecosystem can create a domino effect on many others, whether that be from the spread of disease or overhunting.

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Salty soil sensitizes plants to an unconventional mode of bacterial toxicity

by Mia von Scheven, Max Planck Society

A collaborative study between researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research and the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology has shown how a single metabolite can render bacteria toxic to plants under high salt conditions.

Their findings , published in Nature Communications may have important implications for agriculture and plant health in changing climates.

Climate change, and specifically rising temperatures, will place a great strain on plant growth and will almost certainly impact plant production. One obvious consequence of a warmer climate is that plants in the field will require more irrigation. With more watering, however, also comes more salinity as, in this way, nutrient salts accumulate in agricultural soils.

Climate change will also affect plant health through what it does to the communities composed of numerous microorganisms that live in intimate association with plant hosts. These communities make plants hardier in the face of stressful conditions and more resistant to pathogenic microbes.

Thus, inoculation with defined bacterial communities as probiotics is an attractive strategy for safeguarding plant health. However, to ensure that these inocula are effective, it is necessary to understand how bacteria and plants interact under different conditions.

From previous experiments, co-corresponding author Stéphane Hacquard, who is based at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne, Germany, and his colleagues knew that approximately 95% of the bacteria found in plant microbiota are either neutral or beneficial in one-on-one interactions with thale cress plants.

A small number, however, are detrimental when grown together with plants under laboratory conditions, among them Pseudomonas brassicacearum R401, a Gram-negative bacterium found in soil that is a dominant member of the plant microbiota.

Surprisingly, though, when this bacterium was grown together with plants under natural soil conditions, no disease was observed. This suggests that the bacterium requires specific conditions to cause disease on soil-grown plants.

Some previous reports had shown that salt stress can facilitate bacterial infection of plants. Indeed, when the scientists applied salt, they found that plant growth was negatively affected in the presence of the R401 strain.

Many Gram-negative bacteria cause virulence by injecting disease-causing proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm. However, inspection of the R401 genome failed to reveal any genes encoding this injection apparatus. Furthermore, many pathogenic bacteria overgrow on their plant host and deploy strategies to dampen plant immune responses. Again, R401 was doing neither of these things.

To understand how the R401 strain causes disease in soil-grown plants facing salt stress, Hacquard and his group teamed up with the natural product group of Till Schäberle at the Justus-Liebig-University and the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology in Giessen.

Together, the researchers identified genes that showed similarity to genes from related bacteria that encode phytotoxic metabolites. They isolated the predicted metabolite, which they termed brassicapeptin, and mutated one of the core genes required for its synthesis. This mutation was sufficient to turn R401 into a plant-beneficial bacterium.

Strikingly, once they had the compound in hand, the scientists could show that brassicapeptin is by itself enough to cause plant disease in concert with high salt conditions. Further, brassicapeptin was not only toxic for thale cress plants but also for tomato plants experiencing salt stress, as well as for other microbes.

The researchers could show that the molecule, which is composed of a fatty acid tail linked to amino acids, can form pores in plant membranes. This could explain why the molecule's toxicity becomes apparent when plants are facing salt stress.

Schäberle is excited by the possibilities this study throws up for improving crop health. "It is important that we learn more about how the natural products produced by microbes influence plant physiology. This will allow us to design effective biologics for crop protection."

Hacquard found it remarkable that "a single bacterial molecule can at the same time sensitize plants to osmotic stress, promote bacterial capability to colonize roots and impede growth of bacterial and fungal competitors."

Journal information: Nature Communications

Provided by Max Planck Society

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They’re big. They’re colorful. But Joro spiders aren’t nightmare fodder

FILE - The Joro spider, a large spider native to East Asia, is seen in Johns Creek, Ga., Oct. 24, 2021. Populations of the species have been growing in parts of the South and East Coast for years now, and many researchers think it’s only a matter of time before they spread to much of the continental U.S. (AP Photo/Alex Sanz, File)

FILE - A Joro spider makes a web, Sept. 27, 2022, in Atlanta. Populations of the species have been growing in parts of the South and East Coast for years now, and many researchers think it’s only a matter of time before they spread to much of the continental U.S. (AP Photo/Brynn Anderson, File)

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A large, brightly colored invasive species called the Joro spider is on the move in the United States. Populations have been growing in parts of the South and East Coast for years, and many researchers think it’s only a matter of time before they spread to much of the continental U.S.

But spider experts say we shouldn’t be too worried about them.

“My sense is people like the weird and fantastic and potentially dangerous,” said David Nelsen, a professor of biology at Southern Adventist University who has studied the growing range of Joro spiders. “This is one of those things that sort of checks all the boxes for public hysteria.”

Scientists instead worry about the growing prevalence of invasive species that can do damage to our crops and trees — a problem made worse by global trade and climate change , which is making local environmental conditions more comfortable for pests that previously couldn’t survive frigid winters.

“I think this is one of those ‘canary in the coal mine’ type species where it’s showy, it’s getting a lot of attention,” said Hannah Burrack, professor and chair of the entomology department at Michigan State University. But the shy critter poses little risk to humans. Instead, Burrack said, introduced pests like fruit flies and tree borers can do more damage.

“This is a global concern, because it makes all the things that we do in terms of conservation, in terms of agricultural production, in terms of human health, harder to manage,” she said.

WHAT IS THE JORO SPIDER?

The Joro spider is one of a group of spiders called orb-weavers, named for their wheel-shaped webs. They’re native to East Asia, have bright yellow and black coloring and can grow as long as three inches (8 cm) when their legs are fully extended.

However, they’re pretty hard to spot at this time of year because they’re still early in their life cycle, only about the size of a grain of rice. A trained eye can spot their softball-sized webs on a front porch, or their gossamer threads of golden silk blanketing the grass. Adults are most commonly seen in August and September.

WHERE ARE THEY HEADED?

Scientists are still trying to figure that out, said David Coyle, an assistant professor at Clemson University who worked with Nelsen on a study on the Joro’s range, published last November . Their central population is primarily in Atlanta but expanding to the Carolinas and southeastern Tennessee. A satellite population has taken hold in Baltimore over the last two years, Coyle said.

As for when the species will become more prevalent in the Northeast, an eventual outcome suggested by their research? “Maybe this year, maybe a decade, we really don’t know,” he said. “They’re probably not going to get that far in a single year. It’s going to take a bunch of incremental steps.”

CAN THEY FLY?

The babies can: using a tactic called “ballooning,” young Joro spiders can use their webs to harness the winds and electromagnetic currents of the Earth to travel relatively long distances. But you won’t see fully-grown Joro spiders taking flight.

WHAT DO THEY EAT?

Joro spiders will eat whatever lands in their web, which mainly ends up being insects. That could mean they’ll compete with native spiders for food, but it might not all be bad — a Joro’s daily catch could also feed native bird species, something Andy Davis, a research scientist at the University of Georgia, has personally documented.

As for some observers’ hope that Joro spiders could gobble up the invasive spotted lanternflies destroying trees on the East Coast? They might eat a few, but there’s “zero chance” they’ll make a dent in the population, Coyle said.

ARE THEY DANGEROUS TO HUMANS?

Joro spiders have venom like all spiders, but they aren’t deadly or even medically relevant to humans, Nelsen said. At worst, a Joro bite might itch or cause an allergic reaction. But the shy creatures tend to stay out of humans’ way.

What could one day truly cause damage to humans is the widespread introduction of other creatures like the emerald ash borer or a fruit fly called the spotted wing drosophila that threaten the natural resources we rely upon.

“I try to stay scientifically objective about it. And that’s a way to protect myself from maybe the sadness of it. But there’s so much ecological damage being done all over the world for, for so many reasons, mostly because of humans,” Davis said. “This to me is just one more example of mankind’s influence on the environment.”

The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org .

Adhia, Shin, Ward, and Colleagues Identify Strategies for Recruiting and Retaining Early-Career Faculty Members of Color

Posted: 6/7/2024 (CSDE Research)

CSDE Affiliates  Avanti Adhia  (Nursing),  Michelle Shin  (Nursing), and  Teresa Ward  (Nursing) released an article with colleagues in  Nursing Outlook , titled “ Experiences of recruitment and retention in academia: A collaborative autoethnography of early-career faculty members of color “. The article was lead-authored by Omeid Heidari (Nursing) and included additional co-authors, Kaboni Gondwe (Nursing) and Daniel Suárez-Baquero (Nursing). Recruitment and retention of diverse faculty in schools of nursing continues to be an important challenge, but little has been written from the perspectives of early-career faculty of color on their decision to join academia and their retention. Authors aimed to understand the perspectives of a cluster hire of early-career faculty of color on their recruitment, mentorship and support received, and resources needed for long-term retention. Findings suggest strategies (e.g., targeted resources, diverse cluster hires, building community) to inform recruitment and retention of early-career faculty of color.

• Adhia, Avanti
• Shin, Michelle
• Ward, Teresa

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Collection  04 March 2020

Top 100 in Ecology

This collection highlights our most downloaded* ecology papers published in 2019. Featuring authors from around the world, these papers feature valuable research from an international community.

* Data obtained from SN Insights which is based on Digital Science’s Dimensions.

De novo origins of multicellularity in response to predation

• Matthew D. Herron
• Joshua M. Borin
• William C. Ratcliff

Killer whales redistribute white shark foraging pressure on seals

• Salvador J. Jorgensen
• Scot Anderson
• Barbara A. Block

Brown bear attacks on humans: a worldwide perspective

• G. Bombieri
• M. M. Delgado

Honeybees disrupt the structure and functionality of plant-pollinator networks

• Alfredo Valido
• María C. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
• Pedro Jordano

Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread

• Ruth A. Aschim
• Ryan K. Brook

Recent pace of change in human impact on the world’s ocean

• Benjamin S. Halpern
• Melanie Frazier
• Kimberly A. Selkoe

Longest terrestrial migrations and movements around the world

• Eliezer Gurarie
• Mark Hebblewhite

Global areas of low human impact (‘Low Impact Areas’) and fragmentation of the natural world

• Andrew P. Jacobson
• Jason Riggio
• Jonathan E. M. Baillie

Wild sea otter mussel pounding leaves archaeological traces

• Michael Haslam
• Jessica Fujii
• Natalie Uomini

Modelling Highly Biodiverse Areas in Brazil

• Ubirajara Oliveira
• Britaldo Silveira Soares-Filho
• Viviane Gianluppi Ferro

Changes in adult sex ratio in wild bee communities are linked to urbanization

• Gordon Fitch
• Ivette Perfecto

Widespread shifts in the coastal biota of northern California during the 2014–2016 marine heatwaves

• Eric Sanford
• Jacqueline L. Sones
• John L. Largier

Marine heat wave and multiple stressors tip bull kelp forest to sea urchin barrens

• L. Rogers-Bennett
• C. A. Catton

Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behaviour of wild animals

• Liana Y. Zanette
• Emma C. Hobbs
• Michael Clinchy

Predation on endangered species by human-subsidized domestic cats on Tokunoshima Island

• Tamao Maeda
• Rumiko Nakashita
• Yuya Watari

Wolves contribute to disease control in a multi-host system

• C. Gortázar

The extent, frequency and ecological functions of food wasting by parrots

• Esther Sebastián-González
• Fernando Hiraldo
• José L. Tella

Projected impacts of climate change on functional diversity of frugivorous birds along a tropical elevational gradient

• Irene M. A. Bender
• W. Daniel Kissling
• Matthias Schleuning

Extreme thermal fluctuations from climate change unexpectedly accelerate demographic collapse of vertebrates with temperature-dependent sex determination

• Nicole Valenzuela
• Robert Literman
• Jacqueline D. Litzgus

Minimum viable population size and population growth rate of freshwater fishes and their relationships with life history traits

• Masami Fujiwara
• Huanzhang Liu

Toads phenotypically adjust their chemical defences to anthropogenic habitat change

• Veronika Bókony
• Bálint Üveges
• Ágnes M. Móricz

High-risk infrastructure projects pose imminent threats to forests in Indonesian Borneo

• Mohammed Alamgir
• Mason J. Campbell
• William F. Laurance

Biological and environmental drivers of trophic ecology in marine fishes - a global perspective

• M. L. D. Palomares
• J. H. Poelen

Whale counting in satellite and aerial images with deep learning

• Emilio Guirado
• Siham Tabik
• Francisco Herrera

Spatial and temporal relationship between native mammals and free-roaming dogs in a protected area surrounded by a metropolis

• Shih-Ching Yen
• Hsiang Ling Chen

Low energy expenditure and resting behaviour of humpback whale mother-calf pairs highlights conservation importance of sheltered breeding areas

• P. T. Madsen

Dynamic range expansion leads to establishment of a new, genetically distinct wolf population in Central Europe

• Maciej Szewczyk
• Sabina Nowak
• Robert W. Mysłajek

The decline of farmland birds in Spain is strongly associated to the loss of fallowland

• Manuel B. Morales

Andean Tectonics and Mantle Dynamics as a Pervasive Influence on Amazonian Ecosystem

• Tacio Cordeiro Bicudo
• Victor Sacek
• Camila Cherem Ribas

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests

• Hans ter Steege
• Terry W. Henkel
• Karina Melgaço

Automated detection of koalas using low-level aerial surveillance and machine learning

• Evangeline Corcoran
• Simon Denman
• Grant Hamilton

Two decades of non-invasive genetic monitoring of the grey wolves recolonizing the Alps support very limited dog introgression

• Christophe Dufresnes
• Nadège Remollino
• Luca Fumagalli

Climate change drives trait-shifts in coral reef communities

• Andreas Kubicek
• Broder Breckling
• Hauke Reuter

The cascading effects of human food on hibernation and cellular aging in free-ranging black bears

• Rebecca Kirby
• Heather E. Johnson
• Jonathan N. Pauli

Understanding PCR Processes to Draw Meaningful Conclusions from Environmental DNA Studies

• Ryan P. Kelly
• Andrew Olaf Shelton
• Ramón Gallego

Risk of biodiversity collapse under climate change in the Afro-Arabian region

• Alaaeldin Soultan
• Martin Wikelski
• Kamran Safi

Long-term large-scale decline in relative abundances of butterfly and burnet moth species across south-western Germany

• Jan Christian Habel
• Robert Trusch
• Werner Ulrich

Plastic waste interferes with chemical communication in aquatic ecosystems

• A. F. R. M. Ramsperger
• C. Laforsch

Potential Spatial Distribution of the Newly Introduced Long-horned Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis in North America

• R. K. Raghavan
• S. C. Barker
• A. T. Peterson

Maternal age alters offspring lifespan, fitness, and lifespan extension under caloric restriction

• Martha J. Bock
• George C. Jarvis
• Kristin E. Gribble

Detection of introduced and resident marine species using environmental DNA metabarcoding of sediment and water

• Luke E. Holman
• Mark de Bruyn

Effectiveness of augmentative biological control depends on landscape context

• Ricardo Perez-Alvarez
• Brian A. Nault
• Katja Poveda

Interacting effects of vessel noise and shallow river depth elevate metabolic stress in Ganges river dolphins

• Jagdish Krishnaswamy
• Nachiket Kelkar

Insights and approaches using deep learning to classify wildlife

• Zhongqi Miao
• Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
• Wayne M. Getz

The intrepid urban coyote: a comparison of bold and exploratory behavior in coyotes from urban and rural environments

• Stewart W. Breck
• Sharon A. Poessel
• Julie K. Young

Pollination ecology of the ghost orchid ( Dendrophylax lindenii ): A first description with new hypotheses for Darwin’s orchids

• Peter R. Houlihan
• Thomas C. Emmel

Extinction risks of a Mediterranean neo-endemism complex of mountain vipers triggered by climate change

• Mohsen Ahmadi
• Mahmoud-Reza Hemami
• Niklaus E. Zimmermann

Optimizing environmental DNA sampling effort for fish inventories in tropical streams and rivers

• Isabel Cantera
• Kévin Cilleros
• Sébastien Brosse

Small Neotropical primates promote the natural regeneration of anthropogenically disturbed areas

• Eckhard W. Heymann
• Laurence Culot
• Katrin Heer

Multi-locus DNA metabarcoding of zooplankton communities and scat reveal trophic interactions of a generalist predator

• E. L. Carroll
• R. Constantine

A neonicotinoid pesticide impairs foraging, but not learning, in free-flying bumblebees

• A. S. Leonard

Background matching and disruptive coloration as habitat-specific strategies for camouflage

• Natasha Price
• Samuel Green
• Martin Stevens

Evaluation of detection probabilities at the water-filtering and initial PCR steps in environmental DNA metabarcoding using a multispecies site occupancy model

• Hideyuki Doi
• Keiichi Fukaya
• Masaki Miya

Experimental loss of generalist plants reveals alterations in plant-pollinator interactions and a constrained flexibility of foraging

• Paolo Biella

Global synergies and trade-offs between multiple dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystem services

• Marco Girardello
• Andrea Santangeli
• Jens-Christian Svenning

Climate change and climate change velocity analysis across Germany

• S. Harrison

Bullfrog farms release virulent zoospores of the frog-killing fungus into the natural environment

• Luisa P. Ribeiro
• Tamilie Carvalho
• Luís Felipe Toledo

Temporal road closures improve habitat quality for wildlife

• Jesse Whittington

The effects of drought and nutrient addition on soil organisms vary across taxonomic groups, but are constant across seasons

• Julia Siebert
• Marie Sünnemann
• Nico Eisenhauer

Sole coloration as an unusual aposematic signal in a Neotropical toad

• Daniela C. Rößler
• Stefan Lötters
• Heike Pröhl

Aggregating behaviour in invasive Caribbean lionfish is driven by habitat complexity

• Christina L. Hunt
• George R. Kelly
• Dan A. Exton

Improving estimation of puma ( Puma concolor ) population density: clustered camera-trapping, telemetry data, and generalized spatial mark-resight models

• Sean M. Murphy
• David T. Wilckens
• Glenn C. Harper

Hybridization speeds adaptive evolution in an eight-year field experiment

• Nora Mitchell
• Gregory L. Owens
• Kenneth D. Whitney

Field trial of a probiotic bacteria to protect bats from white-nose syndrome

• Joseph R. Hoyt
• Kate E. Langwig
• A. Marm Kilpatrick

Harmonic radar tracking reveals random dispersal pattern of bumblebee ( Bombus terrestris ) queens after hibernation

• James C. Makinson
• Joseph L. Woodgate
• Lars Chittka

Vulnerability to climate change of islands worldwide and its impact on the tree of life

• Simon Veron
• Maud Mouchet
• Roseli Pellens

Positive ecological effects of wind farms on vegetation in China’s Gobi desert

• Lingchao He
• Genxuan Wang

Eigenvalues of the covariance matrix as early warning signals for critical transitions in ecological systems

• Shiyang Chen
• Eamon B. O’Dea
• Bogdan I. Epureanu

Corridors best facilitate functional connectivity across a protected area network

• Frances E. C. Stewart
• Siobhan Darlington
• Jason T. Fisher

Improving eDNA yield and inhibitor reduction through increased water volumes and multi-filter isolation techniques

• Margaret E. Hunter
• Jason A. Ferrante
• Amelia Ulmer

Mapping behaviorally relevant light pollution levels to improve urban habitat planning

• Aaron E. Schirmer
• Caleb Gallemore
• Thomas Gilday

Socio-economic predictors of environmental performance among African nations

• Corey J. A. Bradshaw
• Enrico Di Minin

Vegetation-fire feedback reduces projected area burned under climate change

• Matthew D. Hurteau
• Shuang Liang
• Christine Wiedinmyer

Effects of species traits and environmental predictors on performance and transferability of ecological niche models

• Adrián Regos
• Laura Gagne
• Jesús Domínguez

Integrating experimental and distribution data to predict future species patterns

• Jonne Kotta
• Jarno Vanhatalo
• Kerstin Johannesson

Intensive tropical land use massively shifts soil fungal communities

• Nicole Brinkmann
• Dominik Schneider
• Andrea Polle

Interaction between temperature and sublethal infection with the amphibian chytrid fungus impacts a susceptible frog species

• Lachlan Campbell
• Deborah S. Bower
• Michael Mahony

Environmental DNA size sorting and degradation experiment indicates the state of Daphnia magna mitochondrial and nuclear eDNA is subcellular

• Rashnat Moushomi
• Gregory Wilgar
• Mathew Seymour

Current and future climatic regions favourable for a globally introduced wild carnivore, the raccoon Procyon lotor

• Vivien Louppe
• Boris Leroy
• Géraldine Veron

Seismic surveys reduce cetacean sightings across a large marine ecosystem

• A. S. Kavanagh
• M. J. Jessopp

Defaunation of large-bodied frugivores reduces carbon storage in a tropical forest of Southeast Asia

• Wirong Chanthorn
• Florian Hartig
• Jantima Santon

Climate change will decrease the range size of snake species under negligible protection in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot

• Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes
• Fernando Miranda Lansac-Toha
• Dayani Bailly

Low genetic diversity and shallow population structure in the endangered vulture, Gyps coprotheres

• Courtneë Kleinhans
• Sandi Willows-Munro

The potential role of scavengers in spreading African swine fever among wild boar

• Carolina Probst
• Jörn Gethmann
• Franz J. Conraths

Classifying grey seal behaviour in relation to environmental variability and commercial fishing activity - a multivariate hidden Markov model

• Floris M. van Beest
• Roland Langrock

Effects of roads on giant panda distribution: a mountain range scale evaluation

• Zhisong Yang

The pitfalls of biodiversity proxies: Differences in richness patterns of birds, trees and understudied diversity across Amazonia

• Camila D. Ritter
• Søren Faurby
• Alexandre Antonelli

Habitat availability explains variation in climate-driven range shifts across multiple taxonomic groups

• Philip J. Platts
• Suzanna C. Mason
• Chris D. Thomas

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial responses to stress exposure suggest that king penguins are naturally equipped to resist stress

• Antoine Stier
• Quentin Schull
• Vincent A. Viblanc

Direct and indirect effects of urban gardening on aboveground and belowground diversity influencing soil multifunctionality

• Simon Tresch
• Marco Moretti

Conservation implications of turtle declines in Australia’s Murray River system

• J. U. Van Dyke
• R. –J. Spencer

New insights into prime Southern Ocean forage grounds for thriving Western Australian humpback whales

• Sophie Bestley
• Virginia Andrews-Goff

Designing MPAs for food security in open-access fisheries

• Reniel B. Cabral
• Christopher Costello

Transgenerational inheritance of shuffled symbiont communities in the coral Montipora digitata

• Kate M. Quigley
• Bette L. Willis
• Carly D. Kenkel

Ejaculate testosterone levels affect maternal investment in red junglefowl ( Gallus gallus gallus )

• Asmoro Lelono
• Bernd Riedstra
• Ton Groothuis

Long-distance migratory shorebirds travel faster towards their breeding grounds, but fly faster post-breeding

• Sjoerd Duijns
• Alexandra M. Anderson
• Paul A. Smith

Contrasting impacts of precipitation on Mediterranean birds and butterflies

• Sergi Herrando
• Nicolas Titeux
• Constantí Stefanescu

Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior

• Jennifer B. Tennessen
• Marla M. Holt
• Jeffrey T. Hogan

Above and belowground community strategies respond to different global change drivers

• Karen L. Adair
• Stinus Lindgreen
• Jason M. Tylianakis

A negative correlation between behavioural and physiological performance under ocean acidification and warming

• Taryn D. Laubenstein
• Jodie L. Rummer
• Philip L. Munday

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