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phd salaries in austria

Based on a full-time position, doctoral students in austria receive a gross annual salary of 3,277.30 euros. it should be noted that an employment relationship often has a job scope of only 30 hours per week or less..

• The pay scale structure for the salary of scientists is transparently regulated in Austria. If a doctoral student is a scientific employee at a state university, his or her salary is automatically regulated by the collective agreement for scientific university staff.
• In the salary scheme of the collective agreement for scientific university staff, the subdivision is made into different salary groups - A1, A2, B1, B2 and C. Doctoral students are located in the B1 salary group. Here, the gross monthly salary is 3,277.30 euros . The figures refer to an employment 40 hours / week. after three years of employment, the salary rises to 3,885.20 euros.
• Not every doctoral student, however, is automatically also employed as a research assistant at a university. Many PhD students have to take care of the financing of their doctorate themselves. On the page of the University of Vienna you will find important information about funding programs. Since funding opportunities are limited, many doctoral students finance their dissertations through outside university employment.

Source: Collective Agreement for Academic University Staff

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• PhD Study in Austria - A Guide for 2024

Written by Mark Bennett

Situated at the heart of Europe, Austria has a proud history of cultural and scientific achievement ranging from classical opera to automotive engineering. PhD study in Austria has a focus on innovative and interdisciplinary doctoral programmes, making it a vibrant hub for modern PhD research.

This page covers everything you need to know about PhD study in Austria, including an overview of the country's historic university system as well as an explanation of how Austrian PhDs work, how much they cost and what you'll need to do to successfully apply to one.

On this page

Phd opportunities in austria - what's on offer for 2024.

The Austrian higher education system - and its achievements - stretch back over 600 years, during which time the country has hosted some of Europe's most famous artists and thinkers, from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to Sigmund Freud.*

Today Austria's universities are highly progressive institutions that value their PhD researchers and welcome international students. Here are a few reasons why Austria could be the ideal place to begin your doctorate this year:

• Quality and diversity - Austria's oldest universities are well-ranked, but the country also offers a range of more specialist institutions focussing on professional, technical and medical research.
• (Almost) no fees - EU and EEA students pay no PhD fees at public universities in Austria, provided they complete their programmes on time.
• Be more than just a student - Some Austrian PhD programmes take students on as university staff members, offering teaching opportunities, salary and other benefits.
• Post-study work opportunities - Austria recently extended the amount of time non-EU/EEA citizens can remain to seek work after a PhD, from six months to twelve.

Needless to say, there's also plenty to see and do during a PhD in Austria, with opportunities to live (and study) in beautiful ctities such as Vienna, Graz and Innsbruck. Austria goes the extra mile though (or, at least, gives you the opportunity to) as its eight land borders provide easy opportunities to visit neighbouring countries including Germany, Italy and Switzerland.

Austria can also claim the world's most famous actor-bodybuilder-politican: Arnold Schwarzennger has lived in the USA since 1968, but perhaps he'll be back. . .

Pick the right programme for you

There are lots of choices, let us help you to make the right one. Sign up to our weekly newsletter for the latest advice and guidance from our team of experts.

Austrian universities

There are four types of university in Austria with different approaches to training, research and funding. All are fully accredited, but not all award PhDs.

Austria's higher education system includes the following:

• Public universities - Austria's 22 pubic universities ( Öffentliche Universitäten ) are the country's oldest and largest institutions. They receive government funding and do not charge tuition fees to EU or EEA students. Most carry out research in a comprehensive range of fields and offer a diverse selection of PhD programmes. A small number focus on Arts or Medical subjects.
• Private universities - There are 16 private universities ( Privatuniversitäten ) in Austria. They do not receive state funding and therefore charge fees to all students, with actual costs varying by course and institution. The qualifications they award are accredited by the official Agency for Quality Assurance and Accreditation Austria (AQ) , but institutions are free to follow more specialised research and develop their own unique PhD programmes.
• Universities of Applied Sciences - There are 21 universities of applied sciences ( Fachhochschulen ) in Austria. Established in 2001, these institutions focus on practical and professional training, often incorporating placements and internships as key components of their programmes. Fachhochschulen do not award PhDs themselves, but some may offer professional doctorate programmes in partnership with universities.
• University Colleges of Teacher Education - Austria's 14 university colleges of teacher education ( Pädagogische Hochschulen ) focus on professional training and qualifications for primary and secondary teachers. They carry out some research in pedagogical practice and educational theory, but don't usually offer programmes above Masters level.

As an international student in Austria you'll probably find yourself studying at a public or private Universität , but you shouldn't necessarily overlook the country's Fachhochschulen - particularly if you're seeking to research in a professional subject area such as Business or Economics.

Other opportunities

Not all PhD training in Austria takes place at the institutions above. The country is also home to a dedicated international research institute and one University of Continuing Education, specialising in postgraduate training.

• The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) focusses on research in Science and Mathematics. Its specialised graduate school offers a unique interdisciplinary PhD programme.
• Danube University Krems is Austria's only 'University of Continuing Education'. It focusses exclusively on postgraduate qualifications such as Masters degrees. Since 2014 DUK has also offered PhD programmes.

PhD student life in Austria

Want to know more about life for international PhD students in Austria ? Our detailed guide covers everything from accommodation and living costs to culture and entertainment.

Austrian university rankings

Austria's universities are recognised leaders in a range of fields and this is reflected in their current international rankings. Six are placed within the world top 400, as calculated by the major university league tables (although rankings don't tell the whole story so use our how to use rankings guide to help pick out what's important). These include two of Austria's historic oldest universities as well as three of its more specialised institutions.

Austrian university cities

Austria is a relatively small country, but its major cities are all vibrant cultural hubs with attractive heritage sites - including their historic universities.

The following are the main hubs for higher education in Austria:

• Study in Vienna
• Study in Innsbruck
• Study in Graz
• Study in Salzburg
• Study in Linz

PhD structure

A doctorate ( Doktorat ) in Austria is a third-cycle qualification, organised according to the qualifications framework adopted across Europe as part of the Bologna Process .

The Bologna Process

The Bologna Process brings together a range of countries to form the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Members of the EHEA share a common three-cycle framework that allows degrees from one country to be easily recognised within others.

Despite operating within a common European framework the Austrian PhD is a very distinctive qualification, with a highly structured approach to students' training and development.

PhD programmes

Austrian universities don't tend to advertise specific doctoral research projects or invite PhD applicants to propose their own topics in advance. Instead they offer PhD programmes focussing on specific areas.

Some programmes are fairly general, with opportunities for students to work on a broad range of topics.

Others are offered as more specialised structured PhD programmes focussing on research on predetermined topics. These programmes are usually offered within separate doctoral schools ( Doktoratskollegs ) established by universities.

Programme length

The Austrian academic year runs from October to September and is made up of two teaching semesters:

• Winter semester - 1st October to 30th January
• Summer semester - 1st March to 30th September

You'll study within an Austrian PhD programme for 6-8 semesters ( 3-4 years ) as a full-time student. It can be possible to take longer, but doing so as an EU/EEA student will incur fees at public universities.

In some cases the length of an Austrian PhD can depend on your existing qualifications . If you hold a Masters degree your PhD will normally be three years long. Students without a Masters may need to study for four years in order to complete additional courses.

The Austrian PhD process

Austrian PhD programmes typically follow a set curriculum involving organised study and training as well as independent research.

During the first part of your doctorate you will complete courses designed to advance your subject knowledge and develop practical research skills. These will be assigned a credit value and organised similarly to the classes and seminars that make up a taught degree (such as a Masters).

Towards the end of your first year you will decide upon an original research topic suited to your programme. This will need to be formally proposed to your supervisor and / or other senior researchers - a process that may also involve an examination procedure to confirm that your are ready to progress to the independent research stage of your PhD.

Once your research project has been accepted you will spend the remainder of your programme working towards an original doctoral thesis . This will be the core component of your PhD and the focus of your final assessment.

Supervision

You'll be assigned at least one academic supervisor to provide guidance and mentoring during your PhD. This person will oversee the development of your doctoral thesis and may also be responsible for assessing your progress through the programme curriculum.

It's quite common for Austrian universities to assign other support to students in addition to their main supervisor. This could include input from another 'second supervisor' or a more formal 'dissertation committee' made up of other academics associated with your programme.

Assessment and examination

Austrian PhDs use the ECTS credit system in accordance with the Bologna Process. A doctorate is worth 180 credits, all of which must be earned in order to gain the PhD qualification.

Roughly 20-30 credits will be awarded for completing courses within your programme. This may involve the completion of formal assessment such as coursework or credits may simply be awarded for attendance and participation.

The remaining credits will be awarded following the successful submission and examination of your PhD thesis.

This requires a formal thesis defence known as a Rigorosum . The process is similar to the viva voce used in the UK and other countries, but involves a public examination. Two or more academic experts will question you on your thesis in order to determine that your research is original and your subject knowledge is sufficient for the award of a doctoral degree.

Some programmes may also expect PhD candidates to have produced one or more peer-reviewed academic publications before their degree can be awarded.

ECTS credits

The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) provides a standard measurement for academic progress and achievement across a range of different national university systems. A PhD is normally worth at least 180 ECTS credits.

Austrian PhD qualifications

Most Austrian universities award doctoral degrees as a standard PhD (or 'Dr. phil'). Others also use more specific titles for doctorates in specialist subject areas.

The following are fairly common Austrian doctoral qualifications:

• Doctor of Arts (Dr. artium.)
• Doctor of Economic Sciences (Dr. rer. oec.)
• Doctor of Medical Science (Dr. scient. med.)
• Doctor of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat.)
• Doctor of Psycotherapy Science (Dr. scient. pth.)
• Doctor of Technical Sciences (Dr. techn.)

Most of these are academic doctorates equivalent to the PhD and follow the format discussed above.

Fees and funding

Generous higher education policies make Austria a very affordable option for PhD study (particularly for EU / EEA students). Various forms of funding are also available, including academic scholarships and graduate teaching fellowships.

The amount you pay for an Austrian PhD depends on your nationality, the type of university you study at and how long you take.

Students from other EU and EEA countries pay no fees for PhD programmes at public universities provided they complete their degrees on time. In practice this means that you will have up to eight semesters (four years) to finish your PhD. Any additional study will incur fees of €363.36 per semester.

International students do pay fees at public universities but the maximum amount is capped by the Austrian Government at €726.72 per semester. Exceptions are made for students from some developing countries or non-EU countries in Eastern and Central Europe. Check with your university for more information.

All students pay fees for PhD programmes at private universities . Individual institutions are free to set their own charges, but the average cost is roughly €7,500 per semester.

Universities of Applied Sciences are also entitled to charge fees to all students. Costs vary and not all institutions offer PhD programmes.

In addition to any PhD fees, you'll also have to pay a mandatory fee to the Austrian Students' Association (OH). This is set at €20.20 per semester.

Some private universities may also charge application fees.

Living costs

The Austrian Government recommends that students have access to at least €950 per month .

For further information, see our guide to living in Austria during a PhD.

PhD scholarships

There is no national scholarship scheme for students in Austria. Instead universities and other organisations tend to offer funding for specific programmes.

The nature of this funding varies according to the institution offering it. Scholarships at public universities may be limited to maintenance support. Private universities may offer more funding to offset their higher fees.

You can find this funding by checking the details for individual PhD opportunities , or you can use a grant search tool provided by the Austrian Exchange Service (OeAD).

Scholarship values

Low (or non-existent) fees mean that full PhD scholarships are relatively rare in Austria. Many students simply need support with living costs, and this is what funding packages tend to offer.

Employment contracts

PhD 'funding' in Austria may be offered in the form of an employment contract, or fellowship. This defines the student as a staff member at their university - with a salary and other benefits.

In return you'll be expected to assist with teaching, lab demonstrations and some administrative responsibilities, according to the terms of your contract. These tasks may increase your PhD workload slightly, but they also represent excellent experience and additional material for your CV.

Employment contracts are most common on structured PhD programmes at public universities. Some private universities may also award a small number of fellowships to the best applicants. Check with your university for more information.

Applying for a PhD in Austria

The application process for an Austrian PhD is different to that in the UK (and some other countries).

In most cases you won't be applying to work on an advertised project or submitting a proposal for your own PhD topic. Instead you'll be seeking to gain admission to a PhD programme that fits your subject area (and research interests).

This means that the emphasis for your application is less on the PhD research you want to do and more on your potential as a PhD researcher. The admissions process for an Austrian PhD programme is designed to assess this.

Entry requirements

Admission to an Austrian PhD programme will normally require you to have a Masters degree in an appropriate subject. This should be worth 180 ECTS (or equivalent). It may be possible to go straight from Bachelors to PhD study. However, this is likely to make your PhD longer (and require more coursework).

Some PhD programmes may also set entrance examinations . This is likely for structured PhD programmes and / or those that offer employment contracts to doctoral students, as standard. The entrance examination ensures that applicants have the right skills and experience to tackle more specific research (and to potentially fulfil teaching responsibilities or carry out other work as university staff).

Your university will probably set its own entrance examinations on topics that are appropriate to the programme specialism. Some may also use standard tests such as the Graduate Records Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) .

Language requirements

The language of Austria is German and this is the medium of instruction for most university qualifications, including doctorates. Remember that an Austrian PhD programme usually includes taught units as well as independent research work and supervision.

If you aren't a native German speaker (and don't have any previous experience studying in German) you will need to submit a score from a German language test as part of your application.

Some specialist programmes may be offered in English. If so, you may not need to demonstrate German proficiency, but you could be asked to take an English language test , if appropriate.

Application process

It's a good idea to begin your application by contacting a supervisor associated with a PhD programme and discussing your interests. Doing so helps confirm that you're considering the right programme and check its specific admissions process.

Once you've done this you can begin your application. Most universities will want to see the following documents:

• Academic transcripts - These should confirm the details of your existing qualifications and provide more information on the specific courses you took. Your previous university(ies) should be able to provide an official transcript, but you may need to have this translated into German and approved by a lawyer. If you have previously studied in the European Higher Education Area you may be able to supply a Diploma Supplement instead of a transcript.
• Statement of purpose - This is more like a personal statement than a research proposal . It should set out your suitability to work within a specific PhD programme (the fit with your existing experience, interests and aspirations), rather than pitch a specific project you wish to research for your thesis (this comes later).
• References - You may need to provide up to three references along with your application. These should be from individuals with experience of your previous academic work as well as your general character.

Because Austrian PhD programmes include a set curriculum, most will also have set application deadlines (it would be a little awkward to begin your PhD after some of its courses have already commenced!).

Institutions will set deadlines themselves, but they can be quite far in advance, with applications for a September start required by the previous December or January.

Interviews and examinations

Your university may wish to interview you as part of its selection process and / or ask you to sit an entrance exam (more likely for a PhD programme that includes an employment contract).

Interviews may be carried out remotely (using Skype or another video-conferencing tool) but entrance exams are more likely to require you to travel to Austria. Specific visas are available for non-EU/EEA students to do this.

What happens during a PhD interview?

Your interview for a PhD in Austria will follow a fairly standard format (even if the actual process takes place online). Our guides explain what happens at a PhD interview and look at some of the questions you might be asked .

Student visas

Visa information for uk students in austria.

UK students will no longer be EU citizens from the 2021-22 academic year onwards. This means you may be considered as an international student when studying in Austria. You may be subject to different visa requirements and fee rates, unless otherwise stated.

Visa and immigration requirements for PhD study in Austria will depend on your nationality.

Students from EU / EEA countries

Students from other EU / EEA countries won't need a visa to study a PhD in Austria. However, you must register with the local authorities within three months of your arrival.

You'll need to provide the following documents, in addition to your passport:

• Proof of admission at your university
• Students aged 24 and under should have access to €613.16 per month
• Students aged 24 and over should have access to €1,110.26 per month
• Proof of health insurance (see below)

If your accomodation will cost more than €327.91 per month, you will have to prove additional funds.

There will be a €15 fee for registration, but you only need to complete the process once during your PhD.

Other international students

Students from non EU / EEA countries (sometimes referred to as 'third countries') will need to apply for a residence visa D ( Aufenthaltsvisum D) from an Austrian embassy. This will allow you to enter Austria for up to six months, during which time you must apply for a Residence Permit - Student ( Aufenthaltsbewilligung – Studierender ).

In addition to a completed application form, you'll need to provide the following for an Austrian student visa:

• A valid passport and additional passport-sized photograph
• Proof of accommodation in Austria
• Proof of financial resources (these will be the same as those for EU/EEA students, above)

You'll also need to pay a €160 fee for the processing of your application and visa documents.

Further information is available from the Austrian Exchange Service (OeAD) .

Registering with the local authorities

All students must register with the municipal authorities in their local area within 3 days of arrival, regardless of their nationality and visa requirements.

Health insurance

Health insurance of some kind is required for all students in Austria. If you're an EU / EEA national you'll normally be covered by your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Other students will need to take out separate insurance with a local public health provider ( Gebietskrankenkassen ).

The combination of structured training and independent research that characterises an Austrian PhD programme is designed to produce capable graduates, ready for a range of employment opportunities. Some of these may be available within Austria itself.

Can I work in Austria after my PhD?

If you're from an EU / EEA country, you won't need any further permit to seek work in Austria after your PhD.

Students from other countries can benefit from a generous post-study work scheme . This allows you to renew your Residence Permit - Student for up to 12 months whilst you seek work.

If you find suitable employment during this time you can apply for a Red-White-Red- Card ( Rot-Weiss-Rot – Karte ). In order to be eligible your job must be relevant to your PhD and pay a salary of at least €2,416.50 per month.

A Red-White-Red Card is normally valid for two years (24 months) and may provide a pathway to permanent residence (subject to conditions). Further information is available from the Austrian migration service .

Find a PhD in Austria

Ready to start browsing some current PhD opportunities in Austria ? Alternatively, you can look at our other guides to PhD study abroad .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

You may also like....

Interested in studying your PhD in Austria? In this guide we've collected some of the global university rankings to help you decide the best university to study at in Austria.

What's it like to live in Austria during a PhD? Our guide covers accommodation, student living costs, working and other key information.

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Doctorate (PhD) Degree

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PhD in Austria

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Phd ( medical sciences ).

• Medical Sciences

Why Study PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Austria

1. Academic Excellence: Austrian universities are renowned for their academic excellence and research contributions across various disciplines. Pursuing a PhD in Austria allows you to work with experienced researchers and scholars who are leaders in their fields.

2. Research Opportunities: Austria places a significant emphasis on research and innovation. PhD candidates have access to state-of-the-art facilities, libraries, and research centers that foster cutting-edge research and collaboration.

3. Interdisciplinary Approach: Many Austrian universities promote interdisciplinary research, allowing PhD candidates to collaborate across various disciplines to address complex challenges.

4. Global Recognition: A PhD from an Austrian university is globally recognized and respected. This recognition can open doors to academic positions, research roles, and leadership opportunities worldwide.

5. Cultural Experience: Austria offers a rich cultural experience with its historic cities, vibrant arts scene, and picturesque landscapes. Studying in Austria provides an opportunity to immerse yourself in its cultural heritage while pursuing your academic goals.

6. Funding Opportunities: Many Austrian universities offer funded PhD positions, which may include scholarships, stipends, or research assistantships. This financial support can help offset living expenses during your doctoral studies.

7. Language Options: While German is the primary language, several Austrian universities offer PhD programs in English. This accommodates international students who may not be proficient in German.

8. Networking: Austria's central location in Europe facilitates networking opportunities with scholars, researchers, and professionals from various countries. Conferences, seminars, and workshops offer platforms for academic exchange.

9. European Union Funding: Austria's participation in EU research programs provides additional funding and collaboration opportunities for PhD candidates.

10. Career Opportunities: A PhD opens doors to academia, research institutions, industry, government, and more. Austria's strong ties to European and global research networks enhance job prospects.

PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Specializations in Austria

Admission Intake for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Austria

1. Continuous Admissions: Many universities in Austria have a continuous or rolling admission process for PhD programs. This means that you can apply throughout the year, and admission decisions are made as applications are received.

2. Departmental Policies: Different departments or faculties within a university may have their own admission timelines and criteria. Some departments may have specific deadlines for PhD applications, while others might accept applications year-round.

3. Start Dates: PhD programs in Austria often allow students to start their studies at various points in the academic year. Some programs might have set start dates at the beginning of each semester (October and March), while others may offer more flexibility.

4. Research Proposal: Many PhD programs require applicants to submit a research proposal outlining their intended research topic and objectives. This proposal is an essential part of the application and helps determine your fit for the program.

5. Supervisor Availability: For PhD programs, having a suitable supervisor is crucial. Before applying, it's advisable to establish contact with potential supervisors to discuss your research interests and the availability of positions.

6. Interviews: Some PhD programs might require an interview as part of the application process. This interview could be conducted in person, over the phone, or via video conference.

7. Application Deadlines: While many PhD programs have continuous admissions, some may have specific application deadlines for each academic year. These deadlines can vary, so it's essential to check the specific program's website.

Top 10 Universities in Austria for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)

Tuition Fees for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Austria

1. EU/EEA Students: In many cases, EU/EEA citizens enjoy lower or no tuition fees for PhD programs at Austrian universities. However, some universities might charge administrative fees or student union fees, even for EU/EEA students.

2. Non-EU/EEA Students: Non-EU/EEA students generally have higher tuition fees compared to EU/EEA students. Tuition fees for non-EU/EEA students can vary widely depending on the university and the program.

3. Subject and Field: Tuition fees might vary based on the subject or field of study. Some programs might have different fee structures for different disciplines.

4. Funded Positions: Many PhD positions in Austria are offered as part of funded research projects or scholarships. These positions often come with a salary or stipend, and tuition fees might be covered or significantly reduced.

5. Duration of Study: Some universities charge tuition fees per semester, while others might charge a flat fee for the entire duration of the program. The duration of PhD programs can vary, so this could impact the overall cost.

6. University Policy: Each university has its own fee structure and policies regarding tuition fees for PhD programs. Some universities might offer specific fee information on their official websites.

7. Part-Time or Full-Time: The tuition fee structure might also vary based on whether you're enrolled as a part-time or full-time PhD student.

Cost of Studying PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Austria

Eligibility for doing PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Austria

1. Master's Degree: Generally, you need to have a completed Master's degree (or an equivalent qualification) from a recognized university or institution. The Master's degree should be in a field relevant to your intended PhD research.

2. Academic Excellence: PhD programs are competitive, and strong academic performance is essential. Some programs may require a minimum GPA or equivalent grade.

3. Research Proposal: Most PhD applications require you to submit a research proposal outlining your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance. This proposal helps assess your alignment with the program and the availability of suitable advisors.

4. Language Proficiency: Proficiency in the language of instruction (usually German or English) is crucial. Depending on the program, you might need to provide language proficiency test scores (e.g., IELTS or TestDaF).

5. Letters of Recommendation: Programs often require letters of recommendation from professors or professionals who can vouch for your academic abilities and research potential.

6. Statement of Purpose: A statement explaining your motivations for pursuing a PhD, your research interests, and how the program aligns with your academic and career goals.

7. CV/Resume: A comprehensive CV or resume detailing your educational background, research experience, publications, and any relevant skills.

8. Entrance Exams: Some programs might require standardized test scores such as the GRE or GMAT, though this is not always a requirement for PhD programs.

9. Interview: Certain programs may conduct interviews as part of the application process to assess your suitability for the program.

10. Experience: Relevant research or work experience, such as master's thesis research, can strengthen your application.

11. Supervisor Availability: Having a prospective supervisor who is willing to advise your research is often a requirement. Contact potential supervisors early to gauge their interest.

Documents Required for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Austria

1. Completed Application Form: Fill out the university's online application form accurately and completely.

2. Academic Transcripts: Provide official academic transcripts or academic records from your completed Master's degree. These transcripts should include details of the courses you've taken and the grades you've received.

3. Master's Degree Certificate: A copy of your Master's degree certificate or diploma to verify that you've successfully completed your previous degree.

4. Language Proficiency Proof: If the PhD program is offered in German and you're a non-native German speaker, provide proof of your German language proficiency through tests like TestDaF or DSH. If the program is in English, provide proof of English language proficiency through tests like IELTS or TOEFL.

5. Letters of Recommendation: PhD programs often require strong letters of recommendation from professors, employers, or professionals who can attest to your research capabilities and academic potential.

6. Research Proposal: Prepare a detailed research proposal outlining your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance. This is a critical part of your application.

7. Statement of Purpose (SOP): Write a statement explaining your motivations for pursuing a PhD, your research interests, and how the program aligns with your academic and career goals.

8. Curriculum Vitae (CV) or Resume: Provide a comprehensive CV or resume that outlines your educational background, research experience, publications, and any relevant skills.

9. Entrance Exam Scores: Some PhD programs might require scores from standardized tests like the GRE or GMAT, although this is not always mandatory.

10. Interview: Certain programs may require an interview as part of the application process. This interview could be conducted in person, over the phone, or via video conference.

11. Portfolio or Writing Samples: For creative or research-focused programs, you might need to submit a portfolio showcasing your previous work or writing samples.

12. Copy of Passport or ID: A copy of your passport or identification document.

Scholarships for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Austria

1. Austrian Government Scholarships: The Austrian government offers scholarships for international students through its various programs, such as the Austrian Development Cooperation Scholarship and the Ernst Mach Grant. These scholarships cover tuition fees and provide a monthly stipend.

2. OeAD Scholarships: The Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD) provides scholarships for international students and researchers. These scholarships are available for different levels of study, including PhD programs.

3. Research Grants: Many PhD programs offer funded positions that come with a research grant. These grants can cover research-related expenses, travel, and other costs associated with your studies.

4. University Scholarships: Austrian universities often have their own scholarship programs for PhD candidates. These scholarships can be based on academic excellence, research potential, or specific fields of study.

5. EU Funding Programs: Austria participates in various EU research and mobility programs that offer funding opportunities for PhD students. Examples include the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) and the European Research Council (ERC) grants.

6. Friedrich Ebert Foundation Scholarships: This foundation offers scholarships for doctoral students in social sciences, economics, and related fields. It supports students from both Austria and abroad.

7. PhD Positions with Research Projects: Many research projects and collaborations with industry partners provide funded PhD positions. These positions often include a stipend, tuition fee coverage, and research-related support.

8. Private Foundations: Some private organizations and foundations offer scholarships and grants for PhD students in specific fields. Examples include the Doktoratsstipendium and DOC Fellowship programs.

9. International Organizations: Organizations such as UNESCO, UNICEF, and the World Health Organization (WHO) occasionally offer scholarships or fellowships for PhD students in relevant areas.

Jobs and Salary after PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Austria

1. Academia and Research:

• Postdoctoral Researcher: Engage in advanced research projects, collaborate with professors, and publish findings.
• University Lecturer/Assistant Professor: Teach and conduct research at universities. Salary varies, starting around €45,000 to €55,000 annually.
• Research Scientist: Work in research institutions, universities, or government agencies. Salaries can range from €40,000 to €70,000 or more per year.

2. Industry and Private Sector:

• R&D Specialist: Contribute to research and development projects in industries like pharmaceuticals, technology, and manufacturing.
• Data Scientist/Analyst: Apply analytical skills in fields such as finance, healthcare, and marketing. Salaries vary based on industry but can be competitive.

3. Government and Public Sector:

• Policy Analyst: Analyze and contribute to policy development in government agencies, think tanks, or NGOs.
• Government Scientist: Work in public research institutions or agencies, contributing to scientific advancement.

4. Consulting:

• Management Consultant: Provide expertise to businesses in areas like strategy, operations, and organizational improvement.

5. Non-Profit and International Organizations:

• Program Manager: Oversee projects for non-profits, NGOs, or international organizations, often in areas such as development, education, or health.

6. Entrepreneurship:

• Start a Business: Apply research skills to entrepreneurship by starting a company related to your field of expertise.

Salary Range:

• Salaries after a PhD in Austria can vary significantly depending on factors such as the field of study, the sector, location, and the level of responsibility. On average, post-PhD salaries can range from €40,000 to €70,000 or more per year, with potential for higher earnings as experience increases.
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The Ultimate Guide to Studying in Austria in 2024

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• Oct-Sep Academic Year
• 11 Listed Institutes
• 15 Ranked Universities
• 76,000 Int. Students
• 422,000 Students
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Study in Austria

One of the countless advantages of studying and living in Austria is being in one of the safest countries in the world and enjoying a high quality of life. No wonder, Austria is one of the best countries to study abroad in Europe .

You can discover Austria’s incredible culture and history, if once you attend the diverse social events held in any of its major cities. From art exhibitions to concerts, theatre performances, and the famous balls – you can find pretty much anything.

Austria is also the perfect destination for outdoor sports fanatics. The Austrian Alps are the perfect setting for skiing, hiking and climbing.

Find your perfect study degree in Austria !

The great number of high-quality education institutions, a long academic tradition and an open-minded learning atmosphere make Austria an easy choice for students who are seeking an international education.

Austrian universities, as well as Austrian cities, have a high multicultural environment; so it is easy for foreign students to adjust here. Study degrees are either research-focused or they include practical exercises in order to develop your problem-based learning skills. Austrian universities partner with many of the local research centres that conduct projects in quantum physics, biomedicine, nanotechnologies, communications, and environmental technologies.

Why study in Austria?

1. it's super affordable and in some cases free.

Public universities in Austria are free for all EU and EEA citizens; international students only pay around 1,500 EUR per academic year. At universities of applied sciences (UAS), tuition rates vary between 365 and 7,500 EUR depending on the study programme and your nationality.

2. You'll live in a safe and secure environment

Austria is one of the safest countries in the world, enjoying a low crime rate and a high standard of living and social security. In a world full of political and military tensions, armed conflicts, and violent protests, you won't have many worries while living in Austria.

3. High quality of life

If you choose Austria, you'll have the opportunity to study and live in Vienna, which has been ranked as the city with the highest quality of life for 10 years in a row! Everything from transport to accommodation, from student services to administrative support, from salaries to job outlook is excellent.

4. Austria is an artistic and cultural hub

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Schubert, Egon Schiele, Gustav Klimt — do we need to say more? Austria also has a long list of museums and galleries which are a must-see for any visitor.

5. There's a sport for everybody

If you're into sports, you should feel right at home in Austria. There's something for everybody! And if you haven't found your preferred activity, don't give up. You can choose from football, alpine skiing, hockey, swimming, mountain-biking, etc.

Universities and colleges to attend in Austria

Austria is home to over 50 higher educational institutions, divided as follows:

• 22 public universities (including research universities and universities of arts)
• 21 universities of applied sciences
• 13 private universities

Examples of universities in Austria we recommend:

• Central European University (CEU)
• WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business)
• University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria
• FH Kufstein Tirol - University of Applied Sciences
• Vienna School of International Studies

What is it like to study in Austria?

The general atmosphere in an Austrian university is quite relaxed and professors are always willing to help students, answer their questions and make sure they understand everything they are learning.

Students get to work in small teams during seminars and team projects, giving students a huge advantage, while they understand new information easier and faster. Additionally, students can engage in active discussions and can present their own point of view.

International offices within the universities often organise trips to nearby cities and surroundings, helping international students adjust to a new country and culture.

What to study in Austria?

As music and arts have had a major influence upon Austria’s culture and traditions, you can expect many universities and academies to provide a large number of study programmes devoted to these fields. However, you can also find plenty of Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in numerous fields, from Business Administration, Computer Science, to Languages, Political Science, Psychology, and Engineering.

Here are some of the most popular study options in Austria

• Masters in Marketing in Austria  
• Masters in International Business in Austria  
• Masters in Computer Sciences in Austria  
• Masters in Electrical Engineering in Austria  

Where to study in Austria?

Vienna is home to the largest number of universities in Austria. Other cities in Austria that house a variety of universities or academies are Graz , Salzburg, Linz, Graz and Innsbruck.

Highly urban cities like Vienna and Linz have numerous cultural attractions, with museums, theatres, bars and restaurants, to fulfil your active social life.Instead, in cities like Innsbruck or Salzburg that are surrounded by mountains, you can mostly spend your free time in the middle of nature, hiking or skiing during the winter.

Find out more about what it’s like to study in Vienna.

How to apply

• Carefully check all the required application documents and make sure they are all translated into English or German. For instance, an internationally recognised Bachelor's degree or equivalent is the main requirement when enrolling in a Master’s degree at a university in Austria.
• Make sure to know what the language requirements are, and whether you need to prove skills in English before enrolling in a degree programme.
• Show how you performed as a student, and be sure to know what your Grade Point Average (GPA) was during your studies.
• To help your chances of going to Austria, be sure to apply to more than one university!

Make sure you qualify for an Austrian university

Take preparation courses.

These kinds of courses enable degree-seeking students to get an extra educational boost just before they start their Master’s degree or other post-graduate degree programmes.

Try a pre-M.B.A., pre-Law, or pre-Medicine programme, as well as any other foundation or preparation courses that will allow you to study in the degree programme of your choice.

Improve your English through an English-language prep course

If you’re attending a degree programme in Austria, you will sometimes need to prove that your language skills are good enough to participate in the classes and understand the lectures. These courses will also prepare you for any of the English-language tests that universities require.

English-language tests

There are over 200 English-taught programmes in Austria.

Universities in Austria will want to see proof that you have good English-language skills, so that you can easily succeed in their courses. Almost all Austrian universities accept these official English exams:

• PTE Academic
• C1 Advanced

Living in Austria

Tuition fees in austria.

At public universities in Austria, students from EU and EEA countries study free of charge. Non-EU/EEA students pay 1,452 EUR per year.

Things are a little different at universities of applied sciences (UAS):

• EU/EEA students pay 363 EUR per semester
• Non-EU/EEA students pay between 727 and 7,500 EUR per semester

Private universities can set their own tuition fees and you should expect higher tuition compared to public universities. Costs usually vary between 3,000 and 23,000 EUR per year, with some Business programmes costing over 35,000 EUR per year.

Accommodation costs

Most universities in Austria don’t provide any student accommodation, so you will have to choose between student residence halls or renting/sharing an apartment.

Prices for a room in a student residence is usually between around 200–400 EUR/month for a single room. If you choose to rent an apartment, rates are over 400 EUR/month.

Find out more about tuition and living costs in Austria  

EU/EEA students enjoy the same benefits as Austrian citizens in terms of access to free or reduced-cost healthcare. To benefit from these services, you should hold an EHIC (European Health Insurance Card). You can arrange for an EHIC card from your home country, before your departure to Austria.

Students coming from some non-EU countries might benefit from free medical care due to reciprocal agreements with Austria. If this is not the case, you will need to arrange private health insurance before your departure to Austria.

Supermarkets in Austria don’t have expensive prices. In fact, your monthly groceries would lead up to 200–250 EUR. The average price of meals at local pubs or restaurants is about 10 EUR. In touristic areas, prices for a meal range between 11 and 18 EUR, adding another 4 EUR for a drink.

In Austria, the overall living costs for students are 900–1,300 EUR/month.

About Austria

Austria is situated in Central Europe and is bordered by Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia and Italy. Since Austria is not a particularly big country, you can easily take a trip to one of its border countries by train or by car.

Austria is one of the most economically-developed countries in Europe. The most important industrial branches include the food industries, the machine and steel industry, chemical and vehicle industry and the electric and electronic industry.

The Alps Mountains cover most of the country and Austrian ski resorts are famous worldwide. The weather in Austria is temperate and you’ll experience all four seasons, with cold and snowy winters and exquisitely warm summers.

Austrian culture is an eclectic mix of German, Italian, Hungarian and Czech elements. This unique character can be seen everywhere in the people’s personality, food, and even the city architecture.

German is the official and most spoken language, but you don’t have to worry if you don’t speak German. Most people in Austria speak English quite well.

Austria’s natural wonders along with its Baroque style buildings making it a fascinating place, amazing every visitor who comes through. The scenic beauty of the Alpes draws tourists during any season, while Vienna and Salzburg are stepped in history, and a simple walk on the streets of these cities reveals essential details of Austria’s culture.

Emblematic sites worth seeing in Austria are:

• The Vienna Hofburg: Austria's Imperial Palace
• Schonbrunn Palace
• Melk Benedictine Abbey
• The Sisi Museum
• Krimmler Ache: Austria's Tallest Waterfalls
• Hallstatt and the Giant Ice Cave
• Hohensalzburg Castle
• Vienna State Opera
• The name Austria derives from a Germanic word ‘austro’, meaning ‘east’.
• Every day during lunch time, Austrians take a small break and enjoy their daily coffee and cake.
• The world's largest emerald is located in the Imperial Treasury of the Hofburg (Imperial Palace) in Vienna.
• Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was Austrian.
• Austria has been home to many famous composers, such as Mozart, Beethoven, Johann Strauss, and Joseph Haydn.
• The founder of the German sports car company 'Porsche' was Austrian and his name was Ferdinand Porsche. He also designed the Volkswagen (the "people's car").
• Austrians have a long tradition in cake baking and still today, every town and city compete to produce the finest cakes.

Universities, colleges and schools in Austria

• Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) (14 PhDs)
• University of Innsbruck (6 PhDs)
• MCI - The Entrepreneurial School® (1 PhD)

Klosterneuburg

• Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) (1 PhD)
• Alma Mater Europaea - ECM (1 PhD)

Sankt Pölten

• St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences (1 PhD)
• Vienna University of Technology (1 PhD)
• Medical University of Vienna (25 PhDs)
• Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (1 PhD)
• Central European University (CEU) (15 PhDs)
• University of Applied Arts Vienna (1 PhD)
• Modul University Vienna (1 PhD)
• Sigmund Freud University (1 PhD)

Interested in scholarships for Austria? Check out our scholarship search page.

How to Apply to a Master's in Austria

If you've decided to study a Master's degree at a university in Austria, you will have to gather the right documents to prove that you fit the university requirements. Provide complete personal information, previous qualifications, financial information, and a personal statement.

What documents do I need to provide to apply in Austria?

To apply to a university in Austria you will likely be asked to provide some of the following documents:

• birth certificate;
• recent photos;
• your passport or national identity card;
• one or more reference letters from past employers or teachers;
• copies of past diplomas or certificates, including your graduated Bachelor's degree;
• academic transcripts;
• letter of intent;
• Curriculum Vitae;
• Some form of proof that you can support your stay in the country during your studies.

Depending on the subject or specialization of your chosen Master's, you might also be asked to provide scores for additional tests like the GRE, GMAT or LSAT. Check if your programme requires any of these, or others.

The list of documents depends on the specific requirements of universities in Austria so you might be asked to include additional documents. It’s also likely you’ll have to provide official English translations of your documents, or translations in the local language.

Prove your English skills

Because you’ll study an international degree in English, you'll have to present a language certificate. Some popular options for international students are IELTS, TOEFL or C1 Advanced language certificates. You’ll have to meet a minimum language score set by the university, and your test scores shouldn’t be older than 1-2 years. If you don’t meet the minimum language requirements, you will have to improve your skills and scores by taking an English preparation course.

Application deadlines for Austria

The deadlines for applying to a Master's in Austria are usually during summer (June-July), or in winter (January-February). Keep in mind that some universities don’t have application deadlines, which means you can apply whenever you are ready.

To avoid delays or missed deadlines send your required documents with plenty of time in advance.

Interesting programmes for you

Find phds degrees in austria, what subject to study in austria.

• Agriculture & Forestry 0 Masters
• Applied Sciences & Professions 0 Masters
• Arts, Design & Architecture 2 Masters
• Business & Management 5 Masters
• Computer Science & IT 7 Masters
• Education & Training 0 Masters
• Engineering & Technology 6 Masters
• Environmental Studies & Earth Sciences 3 Masters
• Hospitality, Leisure & Sports 0 Masters
• Humanities 4 Masters
• Journalism & Media 0 Masters
• Law 1 Masters
• Medicine & Health 21 Masters
• Natural Sciences & Mathematics 17 Masters
• Social Sciences 13 Masters

PhD Degrees in Austria

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) 65 programmes
• Doctorate (Doctorate) 3 programmes

Recent international policies promote international university cooperation and student exchange between countries worldwide. High-quality study and PhD degrees are made more available to students in order to create a global educational network, achievable through student and staff mobility. Career and research oriented programmes support international student development.

University cooperation enables students study worldwide, for instance in Australia, Asia, Europe and the United States and provides ways of recognizing previous degrees. Different study options offer appropriate alternatives to students, depending on their preferred mode of study.

Many study programmes in Australia, Asia, Europe and North America are English-taught. The most popular international student destinations include the following countries: Australia, Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, the United States, and more. However, these are not the only countries offering English-taught education. The rest of the world is full of endless study choices, from highly ranked to smaller, more specialized, universities.

PhD (postgraduate) Degrees

If you want further education beyond the undergraduate level or if you want more personal development or a career in academia, you could obtain a PhD degree. PhD degrees are postgraduate programmes that usually follow a Master's, MPhil or MRes, but there might be additional requirements depending on the university. Students are required to do their own research in a chosen topic. With the help of a supervisor, you develop knowledge and analytical skills in a specific or multidisciplinary field and you carry out independent research. The duration of a PhD degree differs per country and institution. Sometimes your own research is accompanied by work for the department such as giving seminars or small group teaching.

PhD students are required to study on campus under close supervision, but there are universities that accept students enrolled into a part-time distance education PhD degree. Studying on campus can also be full-time as well as part-time, in which case the part-time variant is normally twice as long as the full-time study.

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PhD in Austria Austria is an attractive country for international PhD students

Austrian universities generally offer PhD programmes focusing on specific areas © FemmeCurieuse / photocase.de

Austria is home to over 50 institutions of higher education. Given its strong cultural scene, natural beauty and low living expenses, it is not surprising that Austria attracts international students seeking to do their PhDs.

Published: 2023-09-10

By: Claire Wenngren

PhD in Austria for international students: Overview

If you are an international student interested in doing your PhD in Austria, you might be wondering how PhD programmes in Austria are structured, and which institutions offer them?

Austria has 60 higher educational institutions granting PhDs . They are divided into the following three sectors :

• 22 public universities ( öffentliche Universitäten )
• 21 Universities of Applied Sciences ( Fachhochschulen )
• 17 accredited private universities ( Privatuniversitäten )

Instead of advertising specific doctoral research projects, Austrian universities generally offer PhD programmes focusing on specific areas . As a PhD student in Austria, you can expect to take courses regarding your topic and methodology in addition to performing original research, typically under the supervision of a faculty member. While Universities of Applied Sciences do not award PhDs, some may offer professional doctorate programmes in partnership with universities.

Requirements for applying as a Phd student in Austria

Most institutions will want you to submit a completed application form along with official transcripts of past qualifications, degree certificates, reference letters and an accompanying personal statement. You can apply to most universities simply by submitting an application form online along with all necessary application documents . It is a good idea to check with your university, however, since you may need to submit some documents by post. You should also inquire after specifications regarding translations of application documents. Bear in mind that most Austrian PhD programmes will have set application deadlines owing to their curricula.

A PhD programme in Austria will normally require you to have a master’s degree in an appropriate subject that is worth 180 ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) or equivalent. In certain cases, it might be possible to study a PhD with just a bachelor’s degree, however this is likely to make your PhD longer and will require more coursework. Some PhD programmes may also set entrance examinations to ensure applicants have the right skills and experience to tackle more specific research.

Most students attend public university programmes offered in German or English. You may need to prove your competency in German at the B2 or C1 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. You can do this by taking the Österreichisches Sprachdiplom Deutsch , Austria’s officially-recognised examination for German as a foreign language.

Once you have been accepted, you may need to organise a visa to begin your studies. If you are from an EU/EEA country, you will not need a visa but must register with the local authorities within three months of arrival. If you are from a non-EU/EEA country, you will need to apply for a Residence Visa D ( Aufenthaltsvisum D ), which allows you to enter Austria for up to six months and apply for a Residence Permit – Student ( Aufenthaltsbewilligung – Studierender ) during that time.

Current jobs and vacancies in Austria

Bruckner Universität

Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt

Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien

PhD programmes in Austria

Austrian universities differentiate between doctorates ( Doktorate) and PhDs. PhD programmes are often targeted at a university’s own research associates while doctorate programmes are also open to students who are not employed at the university. These are the most common PhD qualifications in Austria:

• Doctor of Arts
• Doctor of Economic Sciences
• Doctor of Medical Science
• Doctor of Natural Sciences
• Doctor of Psychotherapy Science
• Doctor of Technical Sciences

Students have at least one academic advisor who guides and mentors them during their PhDs and typically complete research towards their thesis over the course of three years. The Austrian academic year runs from October to September and is made up of a winter semester (1 October to 30 January) and a summer semester (1 March to 30 September). 

Austrian PhD programmes typically follow a set curriculum involving organised study and training as well as independent research. For the first part, you will complete courses designed to advance your subject knowledge and develop practical research skills. These will be assigned a credit value and organised in a similar way to the classes and seminars that make up bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

Towards the end of your first year, you will decide upon an original research topic suited to your programme . This will need to be formally proposed to your supervisor and/or other senior researchers. This process may also involve an examination to confirm you are ready to make the step up to the independent research stage of your PhD.

Austrian PhDs use the ECTS credit system in accordance with the Bologna Process. A doctorate is worth 180 credits , all of which must be earned in order to gain the PhD qualification. Once your thesis is finished, you must present it to an examination committee before defending it in a process known as the Rigorosum .

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Austria PhD scholarships

International students enjoy low tuition fees at many institutions in Austria compared to other European countries ; some pay no tuition fees at all, provided they complete their degrees on time (within six to eight semesters). Be that as it may, you will still need funding to cover your costs of living . It can take the form of a scholarship, an employment contract, or a fellowship.

Scholarships are available for international students who want to earn their PhDs in Austria. However, there are almost no scholarships for complete degree programmes in Austria, which of course includes PhDs. The Austrian Exchange Service ( Österreichischer Austauschdienst, OeAD ) runs a database , which contains an overview of funding opportunities for PhDs in Austria for international students and provides all relevant information concerning the application process.

If you are awarded a position at a university, you will be expected to assist with teaching, lab demonstrations and some administrative responsibilities according to the terms of contract. These tasks will increase your PhD workload, but they also provide excellent experience and additional material for your CV.

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PhD salary in Austria

Your salary as a PhD student depends on how many hours you work, the type of work you perform, and your university . The best source of precise and current information is your prospective university. You can contact your prospective department and inquire after employment and salaries, and human resources websites may provide general information for your specific institution.

As a PhD student working at a university or research institution in Austria, your salary will fall within the B1 bracket, according to the Collective Bargaining Agreement of sections 98 and 99 of the 2002 Universities Act.

Academic salary brackets in Austria

Salary bracket

University professors

Academic staff with whom a qualification agreement was concluded

University assistants (known as assistant professors), senior scientists, senior lecturers and project staff who have completed masters or diplomas

Student staff and project staff who have not completed a masters or diploma scheme

The gross monthly salary of the B1 salary bracket amounts to €3,277.30. The figure offered will vary from institution to institution, but this is a typical salary offer for people with qualifications that PhD students also possess. Permanent staff members of institutions in this band can expect that figure to increase over time.

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• PhD & Doctoral Programs
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Financing your Ph.D. study

The admission to the doctoral program does not imply that your Ph.D. studies are also fully funded because the resources of the project to which you are applying determine the amount of funds available for financing. Therefore, we encourage you to become well informed about your financing options before the start of your doctorate. However, our faculty do their absolute best to secure full funding for all their Ph.D. students.

If you sign your contract as a Ph.D. student with MedUni Vienna, you will be employed as a scientific employee and remunerated in accordance with the  collective agreement  for academic university staff (Level B1, equal to 30 hours per week). Projects funded by the FWF grant have their own funding regulations; please consult their  website  for more detailed information. Your supervisor can inform you about your contract and salary terms once you’ve reached a supervision agreement. To give you a better understanding of how much income you might need to live in Vienna, we recommend you to read  OeAD's article on living costs.  

Health insurance and pension

Due to your employment in Austria, you are automatically covered with health insurance and a pension.  Austria has a good and safe health system to which you have full access with your e-card . There is also the option to co-insure your partner and children if necessary.

If you have no employment contract, it is your responsibility to ensure you are covered by  health insurance.

For funding opportunities, scholarships or (state) support, you can obtain further information from the links below:

• Graduation scholarship for working students
• Grant for people with challenges
• Veronika-Fialka-Moser-Diversitäts-Preis
• General study grant
• Grants.at (Austria´s most comprehensive database on grants)

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Financial support for PhD students and interns is a key priority for ISTA.

Status of our students.

PhD students are employed by ISTA . Prior to the Qualifying Exam , their activities consist of coursework, rotation projects within research groups, and preparation for the Qualifying Exam. Once the students have successfully passed the Qualifying Exam, they perform research on their PhD thesis project within one or more research groups, and they may assist in teaching activities.

All our PhD students receive internationally competitive salaries and full social security coverage. Students also receive  financial support  to attend scientific conferences and workshops during their studies.

Scientific interns are employed by ISTA. They are enrolled in a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree program in good standing at a degree granting institution (other than ISTA) while performing a research project within a research group of ISTA for a period of up to 1 year.

ISTerns receive a monthly compensation. The ISTernship program is developed in cooperation with the OeAD, the Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research. The OeAD handles the scholarship payments for a period of up to 3 months between May 15 and September 15.

PhD student salaries depend on whether the student is holding a bachelor’s or a master’s degree at the time of admission. When students pass their Qualifying Exam (about 1.5 years into their degree), they receive a salary raise. Gross salaries in the year 2024 for PhD students range – dependent on the criteria above – from 2874 EUR/month to 3456 EUR/month (paid 14 times a year: once per month plus double payments in June and November).

ISTA offers scientific interns a minimum salary of EUR 1,462 gross per month.

Admission Costs and Tuition Fees

ISTA does not charge any tuition fees . No application fee is required to apply to our PhD and internship, and scholarship programs.

Research Funding and Awards

In all fields of research, funding is of paramount importance to sustain the resources needed by scientists. ISTA relies on diverse funding sources to support all its researchers.

The Grant Office is there to support applicants wishing to apply for external funding. PhD students at ISTA are no exception since it is best to acquire grant writing skills early on in one’s scientific career. For academic job applications, competitive peer-reviewed fellowships can be a powerful indicator that 1) you’re a scientist worth investing in, and 2) that your research projects are of the highest quality.

Fellowships which have been awarded to PhD students, interns, and scholars at ISTA include:

• DOC fellowships from the Austrian Academy of Science
• Böhringer Ingelheim Foundation fellowships
• IBM PhD Fellowship
• FEMTech Stipends of the FFG, and
• ISTernship Scholarship (internally funded).

Students can also be part of larger projects within their research groups. ISTA has been particularly successful in receiving a large number of prestigious European Research Council (ERC) grants which reward innovative projects for their research excellence.

In addition, students may be involved in projects funded by more local sources such as:

• the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
• the Land Niederösterreich (NFB)

The opportunity to network with other institutions is one of the highlights of the cooperative grants currently running at ISTA. These bring together eminent scientists (and sometimes companies) from across Europe and beyond to work on challenges in a specific field. They can also be specifically aimed at PhD student training, as is the case with:

• Doktoratskollegs from the FWF
• Initial Training Networks (ITN) from the European Commission

All scientists at ISTA are supported by the Grant Office in all matters related to external funding : from application, implementation, to reporting to the relevant funding organizations.

More about Awards .

The ISTA PhD program received funding (09/2015-10/2020) from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the project ‘ISTScholar’ (grant agreement No 665385).

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12 PhD jobs in Austria

Find PhD jobs in Austria here. To have jobs sent to you the day they're posted, sign up for job alerts.

• PhD positions in Villach (5)
• PhD positions in Vienna (4)
• PhD positions in Klagenfurt (2)
• PhD positions in Innsbruck (1)

Other countries

• PhD positions in Belgium (221)
• PhD positions in Netherlands (96)
• PhD positions in Sweden (45)
• PhD positions in Norway (37)
• PhD positions in Switzerland (37)
• PhD positions in Germany (34)
• PhD positions in Luxembourg (24)
• PhD positions in France (22)
• PhD positions in Finland (20)
• PhD positions in Denmark (4)

Search results (12)

Junior Scientist - Quantum sensing (f/m/d)

YOUR FUTURE RESPONSIBILITIESBringing together applied science and industry, SAL offers research in the areas of Sensor Systems, Intelligent Wireless Systems, Power Electronics and Embedded Systems. The position will be located within the Sensor Sy...

University assistant predoctoral (all genders welcome)

The University of Klagenfurt, with approximately 1,500 employees and over 12,000 students, is located in the Alps-Adriatic region and consistently achieves excellent placements in rankings. The motto “per aspera ad astra” underscores our firm comm...

University Assistant (Prae-Doc) 30 hours/week | limited to 4 years - Institute of Telecommunications

TU Wien is Austria's largest institution of research and higher education in the fields of technology and natural sciences. With over 26,000 students and more than 4000 scientists, research, teachi...

Junior Scientist or PhD position – Brillouin-active Photonic Integrated Circuitry (f/m/d)

YOUR FUTURE RESPONSIBILITIES We are seeking a motivated individual to join a research project in collaboration with an established industrial partner. This exciting opportunity focuses on exploring the potential of Brillouin-active photonic integr...

PhD candidate / Project Assistant - Cooperation between Silicon Austria Labs Villach and University for Continuing Education in Krems (f/m/d)

YOUR FUTURE RESPONSIBILITIES The advertised position is part of a cooperation between Silicon Austria Lab (SAL) in Villach and the University for Continuing Education in Krems (coordinated and supervised by Prof. Hubert Brückl).  Within the “Magne...

Research Assistent | PhD Student (fulltime) — Department Digital Business & Software Engineering

Join the Entrepreneurial School® MCI mentors the motivated. Meanwhile, 3,500 students, 1,000 faculty, 300 partner universities as well as thousands of alumni and employers worldwide have come to ap...

Junior Scientist or PhD position – Integrated Photonics on Wide-Bandgap Materials​ (f/m/d)

YOUR FUTURE RESPONSIBILITIES We are seeking a motivated individual to join a research project in collaboration with an established industrial partner. This exciting opportunity aims at exploring the potential of integrated photonics in wide-bandga...

Scientist - Integrated Photonics Design (f/m/d)

YOUR FUTURE RESPONSIBILITIES Design and development of photonic integrated circuit for datacom and sensing application. Lead or support the design of active components with the introduction of advanced thin film materials on standard photonic plat...

Assistant (Prae-Doc) Institute of Telecommunications, Research Unit Wireless Communication

30-hours/week | limited to 4 years TU Wien is Austria's largest institution of research and higher education in the fields of technology and natural sciences. With over 26,000 students and more tha...

Project researcher predoctoral (all genders welcome)

Department of Artificial Intelligence and CybersecurityScientific Staff | Full timeApplication deadline: 01 August 2024AnnouncementThe University of Klagenfurt, with approximately 1,500 employees and over 12,000 students, is located in the Alps-Ad...

PhD Thesis "Innovative Digitalised Services for Future Heat Pump Systems"

As Austria's largest research and technology organisation for applied research, we are dedicated to make substantial contributions to solving the major challenges of our time, climate change and digitisation. To achieve our goals, we rely on our s...

2 University Assistants (Prae-Doc) 40 hours/week | limited to 4 years

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Fully-Funded PhD Positions

The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) is looking for highly qualified candidates with bachelor’s or master’s degrees to apply for the IST Austria PhD program. IST Austria offers fully-funded PhD positions in biology, neuroscience, mathematics, computer science, physics, and data science, in a world-class research environment on the outskirts of Vienna.‍

The PhD program is characterized by modern comprehensive training with a special focus on interdisciplinarity , close mentoring by outstanding faculty within small research groups, and access to first-rate facilities . Students spend the first year completing coursework and rotations before choosing a thesis group. The PhD graduates have gone on to top positions in academia and industry all over the world.‍

IST Austria offers internationally competitive PhD salaries , supporting 5 years of study. Applicants must hold either a bachelor’s or master’s degree in a relevant field of study . We expect to hire 50-60 PhD candidates in the 2021 admissions round.

The application deadline is January 8, 2021 (11:59PM CET) , for a PhD start date in September 2021.

‍Apply now: https://phd.pages.ist.ac.at/ phd-application-admission /  

‍Here you will find out more about the IST Austria Graduate School .

This job offer and a variety of other job vacancies in Austria can be found on our EURAXESS Jobs & Funding page.

5 countries offering the highest PhD stipends

Did you know that as a PhD student, there is a difference between salary and PhD stipends?

This is just one of the many things you should know when deciding to do a PhD .

As the highest level of education, a Doctor of Philosophy or PhD can take anywhere from four to 12 years to complete .

Embarking on a journey towards a PhD is an intellectually rewarding pursuit, but it often comes with financial challenges.

So, how do students cope?

If you receive a salary, you are likely an employee the school hired to carry out a job like leading a class.

Like most jobs, salaried workers get a set wage based on their hours and often have employee benefits like subsidised healthcare or compensation.

A PhD stipend is a financial support system for doctoral students to cover living expenses, tuition, and research costs during their academic journey.

There are three types of PhD stipends :

• Graduate Teaching Assistantships (GTAs): For this, you are required to assist by delivering one or more courses over a number of years. You would also need to take on other responsibilities, such as marking student tutorials, supervising lab experiments, and providing support to undergraduates during office hours.
• Research Assistantships (RAs): In this role, you will assist a departmental professor with their research. If you are lucky, the professor will be your PhD supervisor, and their research (and the support you give) will relate to your own doctoral project.
• Stipend via Studentship: This is a non-repayable grant for doctoral students. Unlike the other two stipends, this one rarely has additional suits, but you must progress with your degree.

Have PhD stipends always been like this?

PhD stipends have a rich history that mirrors the evolution of higher education.

Our current understanding of a PhD originated in 19th-century Germany , but doctoral degrees were awarded long before this.

Over time, PhD stipends have evolved into a cornerstone of doctoral education, ensuring that financial constraints do not hinder the pursuit of advanced knowledge.

Fun fact: The term “stipend” itself has Latin origins, coming from “stipendium,” which refers to a soldier’s pay.

This etymology underscores the idea that stipends are a form of financial support for individuals committed to advancing knowledge, akin to soldiers committed to a cause.

Sometimes, these PhD stipends are not enough.

In January 2023, The Guardian reported about how PhD students in Australia were barely earning enough to survive.

“Through Melbourne’s winter, I know people forced into less than suitable housing who weren’t turning on their heat,” said Tara-Lyn Camilleri, who lobbied to raise the stipend at Monash University from 30,000 AUD to A$37,000 while completing her PhD last year.

It was eventually raised to A$33,000, about A$4,500 less than the minimum wage after tax.

As PhDs can take years to complete, it is always easier to do one when you have money saved away instead of relying entirely on the PhD stipend.

Eric Schmidt, former CEO and Chairman of Google, has a PhD in electrical engineering.

Forbes even released a list of the most popular PhDs among billionaires :

• Former CEO of Google. Eric Schmidt (estimated net worth: US$16.2 billion), UC Berkeley
• The man behind Garmin GPS, Min Kao (US$4.2 billion), University of Tennessee
• Co-Founder, Chief Technology Officer and Chairman of Broadcom, Henry Samueli (US$7.7 billion), UCLA
• Founder of D. E. Shaw & Co., L.P., David Shaw (US$7.9 billion),  Stanford University
• Co-Founder & Co-Chairman of Two Sigma, David Siegel  (US$6.8 billion), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• The man behind some of Microsoft’s most successful software, including Word and Excel, Charles Simonyi (US$5.2 billion), Stanford University

And while having these PhDs doesn’t necessarily mean you’re on your way to the list of richest people in the world, it definitely makes you more knowledgeable than most. Having a PhD stipend will simply make this journey to the top easier.

In fact, some universities around the world have increased their stipends recently to attract more talent.

• The Canadian government has pledged 825 million CAD (approximately US$603 million) to support next-generation researchers by increasing both the number and value of stipends over the next five years. This would increase annual PhD stipends from 24,000 CAD to 40,000 CAD.
• Vanderbilt University, one of the most expensive universities in the world , will increase its PhD stipends to a range of US$34,000 to US$38,000 beginning in the 2024-25 academic year.
• De La Salle University is offering full tuition and fees with monthly stipends of 35,000 PHP (approximately US$600) for full-time students in any PhD academic programme through the Saint Miguel Febres Cordero PhD Scholarship Programme.

Now, if you’re a promising PhD student hoping to secure your stipend, try checking out these countries with some of the best offers:

The University of Vienna is a public research university located in Austria. Source: University of Vienna

Top 5 countries with the highest PhD stipends

• Average PhD stipend: US$104,328
• Average cost of living: US$1,705.67

Boasting over 50 institutions of higher education, it is no surprise that Austria is a top choice for a PhD.

Its rich cultural and academic heritage offers competitive stipends, with institutions like the University of Vienna leading the way.

This is because of the country’s commitment to academic excellence and research.

Universities often collaborate with international partners, contributing to a vibrant research community.

Government funding and a focus on supporting doctoral research contribute to the attractiveness of stipends in Austria.

Here are some of the best universities in Austria:

• University of Vienna
• Vienna University of Technology
• University of Innsbruck
• Medical University of Graz
• Salzburg University

  View this post on Instagram   A post shared by UvA: University of Amsterdam (@uva_amsterdam)

Netherlands

• Average PhD stipend: US$74,163
• Cost of living: US$861.45  to US$1292.17

The Netherlands, known for its innovation and research-driven culture, offers competitive stipends, with institutions like Delft University of Technology providing substantial financial support.

About 10 Dutch research universities are ranked in the top 200 of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2022.

The Netherlands is also highly ranked internationally for the number of publications per researcher (second) and for the impact of research publication (fourth).

“The PhD salary in the Netherlands is one of the best in the world,” a former PhD says to Dutch News .

“In the UK, the salaries are just 1,000 pounds and PhD students need to work at weekends. I was able to buy a house while being a PhD student here.”

Here are some of the top universities in the Netherlands :

• University of Amsterdam
• Leiden University
• University of Groningen
• Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)
• Erasmus University Rotterdam

The University of Helsinki has one of the highest PhD stipends. Source: University of Helsinki

• Average PhD stipend: US$46,537
• Cost of living:  US$646.09 to US$969.13

Renowned for its high-quality education system, Finland offers competitive stipends, with institutions like the University of Helsinki providing substantial financial support.

Government funding often supports stipends in Finland, reflecting the country’s commitment to nurturing the next generation of researchers.

Students are also encouraged to take ownership of the research in Finland.

Here are the top universities in Finland :

• University of Helsinki
• Aalto University
• University of Oulu
• Tampere University
• University of Turku

Universities in Denmark often offer industrial PhDs. Source: University of Copenhagen

• Average PhD stipend: US$53,436
• Average cost of living: US$11,45.62

Denmark strongly emphasises education and research, and the country’s social welfare system ensures that stipends are sufficient to cover living expenses.

The country also offers an Industrial PhD option if you want to conduct a research project with commercial perspectives.

Denmark is also popular for the balance of robust academics and a great living standard, giving international students the best of both worlds.

Here are the best universities in Denmark:

• University of Copenhagen
• Technical University of Denmark
• Aarhus University
• University of Southern Denmark (SDU)
• Aalborg University
• Average PhD stipend: US$42,618
• Average cost of living: US$2,512.13

The land of innovation and Vikings beckons ambitious scholars with competitive stipends and one institution that stands out is the renowned Karolinska Institute.

Sweden’s commitment to pioneering research and its unique blend of modernity and tradition make it an alluring destination for those pursuing a PhD.

Most universities in Sweden offer salaries instead of stipends.

Here are some of the leading institutions in Sweden :

• Blekinge Institute of Technology
• Chalmers University of Technology
• Dalarna University
• Halmstad University
• Jönköping University

*All figures were converted as of the time of writing on December 7, 2023.

Disclaimer: This article was last updated on May 23, 2024.

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PhD in Austria

Are you a budding scholar with a passion for furthering your education in a picturesque European setting? Austria, with its rich history, stunning landscapes, and world-renowned academic institutions, might just be the perfect destination for your PhD dreams. In this article, we’ll embark on an exciting journey through Austria’s academic landscape, exploring the enticing Austria PhD programs, including those offered by the University of Vienna, IST Austria, and TU Wien. We’ll delve into the tantalizing world of fully funded PhD opportunities, reveal the best scholarships to support your studies, discuss PhD salaries in Austria (pre- and post-tax), and highlight the various social benefits that make Austria a welcoming haven for PhD students. So, grab your lederhosen and get ready to discover the academic treasures that await you in Austria!

Austria PhD Programs: Where Excellence Meets Tradition

Austria is renowned for its top-notch education system, and when it comes to PhD programs, it certainly doesn’t disappoint. Let’s take a closer look at some of the prestigious institutions offering PhD opportunities:

1. University of Vienna PhD Programs

The University of Vienna, established in 1365, is one of Europe’s oldest and most prestigious universities. It offers a plethora of doctoral programs across various disciplines, making it a magnet for aspiring researchers. With its rich history and state-of-the-art facilities, this institution promises a holistic academic experience.

2. IST Austria PhD

The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) is another gem in Austria’s academic crown. It focuses on cutting-edge research in the natural and mathematical sciences. IST Austria’s international atmosphere and world-class faculty make it an attractive destination for doctoral candidates looking to push the boundaries of knowledge.

3. TU Wien PhD Opportunities

The Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) boasts a diverse range of doctoral programs, including engineering, natural sciences, and computer science. With a strong emphasis on research and innovation, TU Wien is the perfect place to nurture your intellectual curiosity and creativity.

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Fully Funded PhD in Austria: Dreams Within Reach

One of the most alluring aspects of pursuing a PhD in Austria is the availability of fully funded opportunities. Picture yourself dedicating your time to groundbreaking research without the burden of tuition fees and living expenses. Here’s a glimpse of fully funded PhD vacancies in different Universities in Austria:

Fully funded PhD Positions at the University of Vienna

Fully Funded PhD at the Technical University of Vienna (TU Wien)

Fully Funded PhD Positions at the University of Graz

Fully Funded PhD Positions at Johannes Kepler University Linz (Austria)

Fully Funded PhD Jobs at the University of Innsbruck

Fully Funded PhD Jobs at the University of Innsbruck in Austria

Fully Funded PhD jobs at the Technical University of Vienna (TU Wien)

Fully Funded PhD Jobs at the University of Graz

Best Scholarships to Study in Austria

1. austrian government scholarships (oead).

The Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD) offers a variety of scholarships for international students, including doctoral candidates. These scholarships cover tuition fees, health insurance, and even a monthly stipend to support your cost of living.

2. Ernst Mach Grants for Doctoral Candidates

Named after the renowned physicist Ernst Mach, these grants provide financial support to international PhD students conducting research in Austria. This is your ticket to fully funded doctoral studies in the heart of Europe.

3. University-Specific Scholarships

Many Austrian universities, including the University of Vienna, IST Austria, and TU Wien, offer their own scholarships to attract talented doctoral candidates. These scholarships often come with specific research or teaching responsibilities.

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The Application Process Demystified

Now that you know about the fantastic scholarships available, let’s demystify the application process:

• Research Your Program : Start by identifying the PhD program that aligns with your research interests. Visit the university’s website and gather information about admission requirements and deadlines.
• Prepare Your Documents : Typically, you’ll need to submit your academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, a research proposal, and proof of language proficiency (usually English or German). Make sure to double-check the specific requirements for your chosen program.
• Apply Online : Most universities in Austria have online application portals. Create an account, complete the application form, and upload your documents as per the instructions.
• Interview : If your application is shortlisted, you may be invited for an interview or an entrance examination, depending on the program.
• Wait for the Decision : Patience is key. Universities will notify you of their decision. If you’re accepted, congratulations! If not, don’t be discouraged; you can always reapply or explore other options.
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PhD Salary in Austria: Making Ends Meet

Now, let’s address the elephant in the room—money! The good news is that PhD students in Austria are typically paid a monthly salary to support their living expenses. The exact amount can vary depending on the university and the funding source, but it’s generally enough to cover your basic needs, including rent, food, and transportation.

Before tax, a typical PhD salary in Austria can range from €1,500 to €2,500 per month. The exact amount often depends on the field of study and the university. It’s worth noting that this salary is often more than sufficient to live comfortably in Austria, thanks to the country’s high quality of life and social services.

After tax, you can expect to receive around 70-80% of your gross salary. Austria has a progressive tax system, which means that the more you earn, the higher your tax rate. However, even after taxes, your net income should be enough to cover your living expenses without any financial stress.

Social Benefits: A Safety Net for PhD Students

Austria is not just about academic excellence; it’s also known for its robust social welfare system. As a PhD student in Austria, you’ll have access to a range of social benefits, including:

• Healthcare : Austrian universities often provide health insurance to their students, ensuring you have access to quality healthcare without worrying about high medical bills.
• Housing Support : Some universities offer assistance in finding affordable housing, making it easier for you to settle into your new academic home.
• Student Discounts : Enjoy reduced prices on public transportation, museums, and cultural events with your student ID.
• Work Opportunities : As an international student, you’re allowed to work part-time while pursuing your PhD, further enhancing your financial stability.
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FAQ: Your Burning Questions Answered

Q1: Are Austria PhD programs taught in English? A1: Yes, many PhD programs in Austria are conducted in English, making it accessible to international students.

Q2: Can I work part-time while pursuing a PhD in Austria? A2: Absolutely! International students are allowed to work part-time to support themselves during their studies.

Q3: How competitive are scholarships for studying in Austria? A3: Scholarships in Austria are competitive, but with a strong application and research proposal, you can increase your chances of securing funding.

Q4: Is it easy to find affordable housing in Austria as a PhD student? A4: While housing in major cities like Vienna can be competitive, universities often provide support in finding affordable accommodation.

Q5: What is the duration of a PhD program in Austria? A5: PhD programs in Austria typically last for 3 to 4 years, depending on the field of study and research progress.

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Get the Reddit app

A subreddit for all those who live in Vienna, spend their holidays here or are interested in Vienna, Austria. Ein Subreddit für alle, die in Wien wohnen, Urlaub machen oder allgemein gerne alles über/aus/von Wien wissen wollen. "In Vienna, you can be as unfriendly as you want, just never be impolite."

Taxes for PhD Students

Hey r/Wien , I'm applying for a PhD position in Vienna, and this is what they say on the website about salaries: "Around €30,758 (gross), per year (i.e. €23,148 net) - per month €2,197 (net €1,653) – paid 14 times per year." But looking in this calculator: http://onlinerechner.haude.at/bmf/brutto-netto-rechner.html that I found, it says net should be around €21608 per year, around €1543 per month. That's €1540 more per year. So I was just wondering if Austria has a tax rebate for students or something like that?

2024 Fall Applied Science Internship - United States, PhD Student

Job Posting for 2024 Fall Applied Science Internship - United States, PhD Student at Amazon

• Enrolled in a Ph.D. or equivalent in computer science, machine learning, engineering, or related fields.
• Experience in designing experiments and statistical analysis of results.
• Experience in understanding and ability to implement algorithms using both toolkits and self-developed code.
• Experience with Java, C , or other programming language, as well as with R, MATLAB, Python, or similar scripting language.
• Enrolled in a Ph.D. degree in computer science, machine learning, engineering, or related fields.
• Technical fluency; comfort understanding and discussing architectural concepts and algorithms, schedule tradeoffs and new opportunities with technical team members.
• Publication(s) at peer-reviewed conferences or journals.
• Excellent critical thinking skills, combined with the ability to present your beliefs clearly and compellingly in both verbal and written form.

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No man left behind: The archeologist pushing Canada to find soldiers’ remains – before it’s too late

Deep in the Austrian woods, Aaron Taylor and his team are on a mission to search for the remains of U.S. soldiers killed in the world wars. He hopes one day he can do the same for Canadian soldiers

Under a thick canopy of leaves in a quiet woodland of eastern Austria, a dozen Canadians rake at the ground with trowels and bend over suspended sieves, shaking dusty brown earth through the grilles. They’re searching for human remains, suspected to have lain here for more than 80 years.

From one side of the excavation site comes the sustained thudding of a pickaxe, clanging off stones as it slices through the forest floor. From another comes a shrill beeping, as a student volunteer runs a handheld metal detector along the edge of a trench.

Scattered everywhere here are fragments of the Second World War bomber that crashed on its way back from a mission, killing most of its American crew and pushing burning aluminum and glass into the ground. Some metal fragments are so small and thin that they’re barely distinguishable from the dirt. Others are the size of a motorcycle’s license plate, pocked with rivet holes, their edges curled inward by the force of the impact.

As Acadia University professor Aaron Taylor surveys the foot-deep trench, students stand expectantly around him. The metal detector, when run along one vertical trench face, is still picking up hits. “Let’s take that wall back another 20 centimetres,” he says, and a student moves in with a shovel. Where there is plane wreckage, there’s a possibility of remains, he reminds them. “Metal is proxy for bone.”

Acadia University professor Aaron Taylor says Canada should do more to recover the remains of those soldiers who were never recovered during the two World Wars. But doing so will mean battling a tangled web of diplomatic agreements and getting the government on board.

The archeology professor’s team of 10 students and a handful of other experts have been enlisted by the U.S. Defence Department to search for the remains of four crewmen who were killed when the plane crashed during the war. It’s part of a military program that aims to repatriate the remains of Americans lost in other countries.

But Prof. Taylor has another mission, too.

He is calling on Canada to do the same as America, and proactively investigate the remains of our own soldiers missing in action – and to do it soon. “Veterans and firsthand witnesses are dying. Families have been waiting 80 years. We can’t find everyone, but we can bring closure for some.”

There are still 27,000 Canadian service members with no known graves from both world wars and the Korean conflict, thousands of whom could be recoverable, Prof. Taylor says. He is working to launch a publicly funded initiative – to be called the Acadia University Recovery Project – that would conduct historical research to locate Canadian crash sites. Once found, he says he would then propose recovery missions to the government.

PhD student Dakota Taylor cleans a piece of warped metal found on-site.

“It’s not about guaranteeing that anything will be found, but about looking into every missing-in-action case and identifying those that have high potential for recovery.”

He’s not the only one eager to search. In Europe, the organization in charge of Commonwealth war graves gets hundreds of requests every year from archeologists and enthusiasts to begin proactively searching for remains, instead of just waiting for accidental discoveries to be made.

But for Canada, numerous barriers stand in the way.

Not only does the government not devote the kinds of resources such a program would require, but even if they did, it would mean clearing a tangled web of policy and diplomatic barriers, some installed for more than a century, as well as the practicalities of digging up a former combat zone.

Sarah Lockyer, head of Canada’s Casualty Identification Program – which seeks to identify the remains and graves of service members found abroad – says the department currently lacks the resources for a proactive program. But on a personal level, she agrees that it would be “a dream” to be able to find a way to do so in the future.

“I can only speak for myself, but it would be great if the program could grow toward that,” she says.

In the U.S., teams of historians and archeologists employed by the American Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency work to identify sites around the world where there’s a high likelihood of discovering remains, choosing dozens of them to visit.

The agency was formed in 2015 through the combination of three defence departments, but its origins date back to the 1970s, when the U.S. government launched an identification laboratory in Hawaii. Since the 70s, the remains of more than 3,000 personnel who served in the Second World War, the Korean War, the Cold War and the Vietnam War have been recovered.

The search starts with research: staff look through archives, oral histories and military records for clues to the possible location of human remains. If there’s enough evidence to link a site to an individual personnel member who was lost, they will send out a team to search for eyewitnesses, conduct on-site reconnaissance and scan for unexploded bombs.

If a dig is approved, forensic archeologists move in. As sites can range from an individual burial to a plane crash site the size of a football field, excavations can span days or years. Any bones found are sent for DNA analysis and matched to samples given by living relatives.

This is the third year of excavating at this location in Austria, though the results of the previous two years have been kept confidential. Under U.S. government policy, many excavation details can’t be disclosed until a project is officially complete, to spare families false hope and to guard the site from looters. The Globe and Mail agreed not to identify the precise location of the crash, the names of the deceased pilots or the type of plane being excavated for this story.

Canada – like most other countries – has no program to proactively search for missing military remains. Instead, the casualty identification program works to identify soldiers’ remains only when they are discovered accidentally or by researchers from other organizations, says Lisa Fiander, a Department of National Defence spokesperson.

These types of discoveries often occur during infrastructure or real estate development. When they do, researchers use both documentary and scientific analysis – including DNA analysis – to identify the remains.

The casualty identification program also works to identify soldiers buried in unmarked graves without exhuming the bones through a range of contextual evidence, such as war diaries and personnel files.

Isobel Leidl Wilson uses a metal detector to scan the trench for metal, while volunteers Bella MacQuarrie, Cameron Barnard and Dean Geggie look on. The dig site has been divided up into "units" with string, demarcating the areas of highest archaeological potential.

In part, the difference in approach between the U.S. and Canada comes down to resources. The American agency has 700 employees and, in 2024, expects to spend US$200-million. By contrast, as of 2024, the casualty identification program employed only about a dozen people and has an annual budget of just $100,000 for operations and maintenance, excluding salaries.

Running a six-week dig such as the one funded by the Americans in Austria can cost as much as $200,000, Prof. Taylor says. The tremendous cost of archeology is undoubtedly the largest hurdle to his goals.

But resources aren’t the only barrier for Canada, Ms. Lockyer says. A significant one is a century-old agreement: the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Established in 1917 by England and later signed by Canada and four other nations – Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa – this agreement bans the exhumation of war graves and repatriation of remains, in part owing to the logistical difficulties of transporting so many corpses. The agreement was also passed at a time when DNA testing did not yet exist. When remains are found accidentally in Europe, commission staff that are sent in to collect them.

Today, a panel representing all countries has final say over any requests to dig proactively, and the organization receives over 100 per year to do so, says Stephan Naji, head of the commission’s Recovery Unit, France Area. Most requests are denied for lack of concrete evidence or justification for digging. Only a handful have been approved in the last century, and in those circumstances, the countries funded their own digs.

Despite this, other recovery digs have taken place without the commission’s authorization, which he says is illegal and potentially dangerous. Only now is the commission working on building a formal process to accept proactive search proposals, and says he is open to hearing from academics such as Prof. Taylor. But ultimately, he says, it would be up to the Canadian government to initiate a request.

Sean Kearney, a volunteer and Manager of Education at Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, chops through the roots that extend through the site and make digging difficult.

There’s another problem, Ms. Lockyer says: Canadian airmen frequently flew on British planes with mixed crews – and any such excavation would need approval from all countries involved.

“It’s not as simple as just walking in and saying, ‘Canada’s here, we want to do this.’ There are intricacies,” Ms. Lockyer says. “There’s diplomacy in these things, and it adds a layer of complexity to the process.”

Aside from diplomatic difficulties, there are the practical ones, says Renée Davis, a military historian for Canada’s identification program. In addition to the risks posed by unexploded ordnance, and the challenges of finding usable DNA for testing, there is the fact that many remains were already recovered from conflict zones immediately after the wars.

“If they weren’t found, there’s a reason. The ones that are left are the very complicated cases,” she says.

But Prof. Taylor contends that the remains at bomber crash sites could have been missed during previous searches. “The planes went down so hard that the wreckage is fragmented. They didn’t look like human remains. That’s why they weren’t recovered.”

One advantage of searching where a plane crashed, he says, is that the remains are usually concentrated within the scatter of the wreckage, making them easier to find than in an open field. Prof. Taylor says that of the 27,000 Canadians unaccounted for, about 2,000 went down in bombers.

Prof. Taylor first proposed to the federal Department of Defence in 2022 that they launch a five-year pilot project to fund the research, but says that at the time he was turned down. Now, he’s hoping to take that work into his own hands at the University of Acadia. He already has his eye on two possible crash sites: one in Canada and the other in the Philippines.

Prof. Taylor is planning to bring on about a dozen student researchers, as well as a board composed of faculty and experts, to raise funds and do research. He also plans to embed research assignments into his forensic archeology classes and raise public awareness about his mission.

“It may be expensive, but I think of the price that those families paid when they lost their children, fathers, uncles and brothers.”

Back on the dig site, the air smells like pine and overturned soil. A member of the team has found something interesting in one of the sieves – a rounded piece of metal, clumped with dirt. It’s brought over to the table where such finds are examined, and PhD student Dakota Taylor (no relation to Prof. Taylor) begins using a small brush to knock soil and clumps of root from it.

Beside where Ms. Taylor works, already-cleaned finds from the week are kept in marked baggies: a button from an airman’s uniform, a radio box lid, dozens of bullets and casings.

As Ms. Taylor cleans, the volunteers continue their search. Many are driven by the emotional connections to the site.

In one of the trenches, Isobel Lidel Wilson, an artist from Nova Scotia, digs through a tangle of roots. Her grandfather was an aviator who trained Second World War bombers pilots, like those who crashed here. He, too, died in a plane crash. She’s here to honour his memory by helping others get closure.

“We had the luxury of being able to bury his remains. But the families of the pilots we’re looking for, they don’t have that,” Ms. Lidel Wilson says.

Elsewhere, Sean Kearney, who lives in St. Catharines, Ont., is busy with a pickaxe. He is in his early 30s, making him older than most of the men who flew these planes.

“These kids were given an unbelievable task. They were given the challenge of flying a massive aircraft to attack a heavily guarded target,” he says, swinging into the packed earth. “So, I don’t mind the hard work.”

Midway through the afternoon, a car pulls up to the site. Out of it comes Michael Schöll, a 96-year-old local resident who heard about the ongoing excavation from neighbours. Speaking in German through a translator, Mr. Schöll says that he was a witness to the crash eight decades ago. He saw the plane soaring overhead, on fire, being pursued by two German fighters, and then ran to where the plane went down to help search for survivors.

“The people in the village were in fear, and very agitated. We thought, the war has come to our town. We thought the fighting would come here, too,” he says.

Later, after Mr. Schöll leaves, Ms. Taylor has finished cleaning the find, and it’s recognizable now – a parachute buckle in a closed position. That closed position has special significance: it means it was possibly being worn at the time of the crash. A piece of life-saving equipment, never used.

Professor Aaron Taylor holds up a parachute buckle found in an excavation unit opened that morning.

It’s one of many such artifacts discovered over the team’s six weeks in Austria. But when the dig ends at the end of June, they have not found any bone fragments.

That doesn’t mean the overall project hasn’t yielded any such results: If human remains were found here in the previous two years, that currently confidential information will come out when the results from all three years have been assessed.

But regardless of what that analysis finds, Prof. Taylor feels he has done his duty: ensuring that no soldier has been left behind.

“Obviously, you want to find remains, but the mission is to provide the fullest account possible,” Prof. Taylor says.

“It’s about remembrance, letting these people know that their sacrifice was valued, and saying, ‘We will make an effort to find you.’ How do we continue that remembrance with our young people? This is how.”

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