free fire case study

How localised experiences keeps Free Fire alive four years on

Long gone are the days of developing and publishing a game without the need to tweak, adjust and support it years after launch.

Here at PocketGamer.biz, we want to take the opportunity to highlight games that have bucked the trend and found an audience that has kept them thriving long after launch with our regular Live and Kicking series.

This week, Garena producer Harold Teo discusses how localised experiences and listening to players has spurred the continued success of Free Fire four years since launch.

PocketGamer.biz: With Free Fire now four years old, how do you reflect on its performance – from launch to the mature title it is now?

Harold Teo: Free Fire was developed exclusively with the mobile game player in mind. This mobile-first strategy, coupled with offering quality content, has been key for us. For example, in many fast-growing regions like Southeast Asia and Latin America, gamers are increasingly leapfrogging PCs and consoles and choosing mobile as their preferred games platform.

On top of accessibility and ease-of-play, we create unique and localised experiences and grow an engaged, strong community of Free Fire fans globally through grassroots events, local influencer engagements and more.

Our core principles and commitment to delivering experiences that delight our communities have guided us since day one, and they continue to do so. We are encouraged by the support received for our communities all over the world.

Free Fire was recently named the most downloaded game worldwide in 2021 across both the iOS App and Google Play stores, according to Sensor Tower. This recognition signals that we are adapting and developing our game in the right direction. It encourages us to continue innovating and create even more ways to engage our global audience.

How big is the team currently handling live ops on Free Fire?

While we don’t share precise numbers, we can share that Free Fire’s global presence and focus on localisation mean that we have colleagues and teammates across functions all around the world.

How important is it to listen to your players? What has been your approach to this?

“Our goal is to understand what our players’ other passion points are outside of gaming.”

Free Fire has always been designed with our players in mind. Understanding what our players want and identifying what matters most to them is crucial to keeping them engaged with our content. The good thing is that the Free Fire community has been vocal about what they love and hope for the game, and this helps us pinpoint key elements that would contribute to a more enjoyable playing experience over time.

For example, through conversing with our players we found that many of them enjoy music, electronic dance music (EDM) in particular. Over the years, we found ways to integrate elements of EDM into the Free Fire experience, both in and out of the game. We first started partnering with DJ Alok in 2019, and since went on to partner with other top names in the industry, including DJ KSHMR and duo Dimitri Vegas and Like Mike (DVLM). For our fourth anniversary celebration this year, we brought all four DJs together for a collaboration theme song, ‘Reunion’. We introduced DVLM as Free Fire characters for the celebrations, joining Alok and KSHMR who were previously introduced as characters.

Apart from that, we’ve also launched collaborations with pop culture content like Money Heist (La Casa de Papel), and sports brands and personalities such as McLaren Racing and Cristiano Ronaldo, to name just a few. One of our most recent collaborations was with Venom: Let There Be Carnage, our first ever crossover with a movie franchise. Ultimately, our goal is to understand what our players’ other passion points are outside of gaming, be it sports, music, movies or pop culture, and explore ways to deliver experiences that bring them together.

What steps have you taken to ensure that Free Fire maintains a sizeable and active player base all this time after its launch?

Localisation remains at the heart of what we do; we deliver localised content experiences, and we engage and build our local communities up. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, and we work towards ensuring Free Fire players across the world have different, localised touchpoints.

“Localisation remains at the heart of what we do... There is no one-size-fits-all approach.”

For example, we celebrate Day of the Dead with our players in Latin America, where we plan for various Free Fire events both in and outside of the game, including new themed modes and costumes for our players to enjoy. We also work with popular local celebrities who we know our communities are also fans of. Working with stars like Egyptian actor and singer Mohamed Ramadan, "Vietnamese Pop prince" Son Tung M-TP, and Bollywood actor Hrithik Roshan excites our players and gives them more reason to enjoy Free Fire.

We also believe in offering the platform for our players to compete at the very highest level. We have a global esports ecosystem to allow players to challenge themselves and prove themselves - from local tournaments all the way to global ones, where we gather the best Free Fire teams from all over the world. This level of competition offers an exciting viewing experience for our fans globally, and the reception we have received has been thrilling.

Earlier this year, we held the Free Fire World Series 2021 Singapore, which delivered record viewership across multiple platforms. The Finals of the FFWS 2021 SG hit a peak of 5.4 million concurrent online viewers, which is the highest peak viewership of any esports match in history, excluding Chinese platforms, according to Esports Charts.

To what do you attribute the game’s consistently impressive grossing performance, and how do you sustain it?

All this is made possible through the support of my amazing teammates across the world. We are able to rely on one another to offer feedback and perspectives as to what works in certain markets versus what might not. This enables us to design elements of the game and bring localised Free Fire experiences to our players worldwide.

Any KPIs such as downloads, DAU (daily active users) or retention you’re willing to share?

We announced in August 2021 that Free Fire achieved a new record high of over 150 million peak daily active users, a new record for us. Free Fire also hit over 1 billion downloads on the Google Play store earlier this year, joining a small group of mobile games who have done so.

Recently, we were awarded the Esports Mobile Game of the Year by the Esports Awards 2021 for the second year running, and we were named the most downloaded mobile game globally this year by Sensor Tower.

What lessons have you learned/are you still learning from Free Fire? Is there anything about the game that, in hindsight, you'd now handle differently?

“There’s still much to learn about our players and communities all over the world.”

There’s still much to learn about our players and communities all over the world. Every market is unique, and we are always looking to better understand players’ preferences, trends, community insights, and more. We do a lot of work in the background to better understand our communities, whether it’s engaging players, streamers, content creators, brands or speaking to players ourselves. It is always an educational journey, but only then can we keep developing experiences that resonate with our players.

Finally, how has your experience with Free Fire informed where you are/what you're working on now?

Working on Free Fire and seeing how fans from all over the world have embraced the game has really shown me the strength and camaraderie of the gaming community. My experience has taught me to really listen to feedback from the players, and we approach each new campaign, partnership or launch with our players in mind. Many of us are gamers ourselves, so we understand what are things that our players would enjoy. We hope to keep introducing fresh and exciting content for our fans globally.

#Live and Kicking

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STRATEGIES BEHIND THE SUCCESS OF E-SPORTS (GARENA FREEFIRE)

2020, IAEME PUBLICATION

It has been only 3 years since the launch of Garena FreeFire also known as FreeFire battlegrounds or FreeFire and it has become one of the most downloadable mobile game globally in 2019 and received the award of the “Best Popular Game by Google Play store in 2019. Most of the research done earlier around live streaming E- Sports games lacks the ability to map the strategies that led to the success of these games. This research tries to map the strategies and the success of the live streaming gaming, Garena FreeFire in particular from the blue innovation perspective. The research has two objectives which are: - • To find out the strategies which Garena FreeFire implemented for its success. • To evaluate user perspectives towards Garena FreeFire which ultimately reveals the strategies implemented by Garena. The research follows a qualitative data collection and analysis in the form of interviews from dif erent users who are both students and working professionals. The results of the search shows that the investment in the mobile platforms would lead to sustainable competitive advantage in comparison to PC‟s and other gaming devices. The research also shows how strategies can influence consumer behavior. There were several factors that led to the success of Garena FreeFire and this study aims to evaluate those factors so that it may be implemented by other online-gaming industries and improve their business as a whole.

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Drivers and Results

Hesamoddin Bagheri

PurposeThe Researchers attempt to find a comprehensive definition of Electronic Sports (eSports) and explain its similarities to sport drawing managers and experts’ mindset. To that reason, they could achieve study main goal, which is identifying elements influencing the attraction of eSports customers in Iran.MethodologyThe current study with the aim "Attracting Potential Customers toward eSports” was applied a qualitative method via thematic analysis. The tool’s reliability and validity are both in accordance with commonly admitted guidelines. In this survey, firstly, valid evidences and documents maintained by reviewing backgrounds and literatures to set the questions and, theoretical framework formulated finally.FindingsThe results conduct, the first step towards a successful eSports implementation is to admit it as sport (eSportification). The next step is to recognize obstacles standing against eSport (Barries), such as: Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Ethical and Legal constraints. After stepping to eSports introduction, researchers found, implementing nine supporting measures are required (Drivers) Government, Governmental bodies, Social factors, Technological items, Educations, Researches, Families, Private Organizations and Marketing issuess paving means achieving the goal of fascinating people to eSports through employing and earning (Results).ImplicationeSportification should primarily change public opinion about digital games, likewise the complementarity of eSports and sports should affect how sports beneficiaries define future strategies toward supporting growth for both, eventually, the process of more introducing eSports as sports and attracting potential customers to the industry should impact sports events organization such as the Olympics.

SSRN Electronic Journal

International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations

Myriam Davidovici

While e-Sport today becomes a big business and a highly publicized industry, a big business and a highly-publicized industry, it is still studied from a descriptive perspective rather than from an analytical one. In this paper, the author proposes to analyze the relationship between e-Sport and the growth strategy of the game League of Legends (LoL) developed by Riot Games. How competitive community and casual community evolve together? What are the conditions for a virtuous growth? The author deepens the link between the traditional free-to-play dynamics based on acquisition-retention-monetization of players and the dynamics of e-Sport based on managing audience, pro-gamers, competitive events and broadcasting. The author finds that casual players and pro-gamers have specific roles that, combined with an active policy centered on player's experience developed by Riot Games and with a growing media ecosystem, create externalities on each other.

Poslovna Izvrsnost

Toni Blažević , Dijana Čičin-Šain

With eSports' ever evolving market presence, an understanding of needs of every stakeholder in the industry is required. With that in mind, segmentantion of the target audience is performed and compared with that of traditional sports audience. The purpose of this research is to come up with new, innovative business models for cultivating and reaping the benefits of this highly competitive and versatile industry.

Quina Ignacio

This thesis aims to show the impact of the e-Sports phenomenon in the Philippines starting from the years 2000-2015. The e-Sports phenomenon in the Philippines started in the 2000s, brought in by influx of Korean immigrants who had a thriving e-Sports culture of their own back home in Korea. This thesis is supported by the theory of cultural diffusion by way of relocation. The e-Sports phenomenon in the Philippines has brought about the creation of corporations like Mineski, The Net Com (TnC), etc.; created leagues such as the Mineski ProGaming League (MPGL), etc.; and has sent representative players to travel to countries like Germany, South Korea, Singapore, etc. Though it has been 15 years, the e-Sports scene in the Philippines is still largely underdeveloped and is still struggling for their big break into Philippine mainstream media. This thesis will employ the descriptive-analytic method in understanding the study. The significance of this paper is to raise awareness regarding the e-Sports phenomenon and its impact and relevance to contemporary Philippine culture, and also aims to show the contributions and achievements of the Philippine e-Sports industry.

Advances in Applied Sociology

Harri Jalonen

This article considers the societal discussion revolving around e-sports to be a reflection of the incommensurability of different means of value justification. The article seeks an answer to the question of how e-sports operators can demonstrate that their work entails aspects, i.e. propose value to aspects that are generally valued. The article presents a theory-guided analysis of the means of value justification in the world of e-sports. The theoretical basis builds upon modern economic sociology. The esteem of e-sports is not generated spontaneously but requires active measures by operators within the e-sports field. This calls for an ability to recognise various means of value justification and the related value categories and conflicts in one's own work. The attractiveness of e-sports in the eyes of the corporate world as well as the general public is proportional to how credibly the e-sports operators are able to demonstrate aspects of their work that are in line with things that are generally valued. The present article contributes to the collaboration between e-sports operators and stakeholders by verbalising the tensions and possibilities related to such collaboration. The article aids in recognising the value creating interfaces and in fortifying the collaboration and finding synergy benefits.

Prof. Dr. S. Bora Cavusoglu

Mariana Amaro , Suely Fragoso

This article discusses the interrelations between performance, digital consumption and interface features on the game streaming platform Twitch. Theoretical considerations on the three subjects are compared to the responses of 177 Brazilian Twitch users to an online questionnaire. Results indicate that, despite their importance for Twitch as social media, interfaces do not facilitate social interactions. The implied hierarchical relations between streamers and viewers is not only based on the expertise of the former group. Digital consumption demands that they demonstrate other abilities, such as the " entertain " performance. Twitch itself places additional technical and cognitive challenges on streamers and viewers, but its user base appears to be self-motivated enough to overcome those system obstacles.

Orhan Efe Ozenc Sir Amadeo

The digital era brought a new impulse to the gaming world as per the invention of video games, discovery of a new and unique gameplay medium and establishment of gaming companies who implemented the monetization system and initiated a business model over buying and selling games and downloadable contents. The internet age converted the games to MMOs (Massively Multiplayer Online Games) which enabled the players compete against real human opponents instead of artificial intelligence of the device and thus, planted the seeds of a new and more competitive gameplay type. Such gameplay attracted the gaming audience and consumers, of whom some intended to display their skills and mastery over games to others via digital broadcasters (like YouTube and Twitch) and suddenly this ploy turned into a show and entertainment business, named as esports. As esports spread wider, competent authorities and international governing bodies are founded and recognized such activities as a sports branch wi...

Arte-Polis 4 International Conference - Creative Connectivity and the Making of Place: Living Smart by Design

Arus Reka Prasetia

The development of the Internet evolves people's lives. Initially, the Internet was one way communication (passive) and evolved into two way communication (interactive). Interactive means that user becomes more connected through participation, openness, conversation, and sharing in social media. Surge in Indonesia social media users becomes an opportunity for companies to communicate with consumers. Communication paradigm using traditional media are limitations due to the extremely high cost of media and the possible refusal of consumers to receive information from company. Integrated social media into can been seen as a creative outside the box thinking where users are given the opportunity to complete challenges and earn prizes while the company place brand dynamically to persuade user. The first part of this paper will discuss the development of the internet, especially social media and how latest developments in Indonesia social media and popular social media applications in Indonesia. In the second part of this paper will be discussed on how social media games as a means of communication as something new among companies and consumers to build brands. The result is social media integrated games can increase brand awareness, loyalty, product credibility, market expansion and increase of organization competitiveness. The end of this paper will discuss other possibility of social media connecting people to improve other areas such as education, health, democracy and others.

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Yarnell, Arizona Wildfire Recovery

A coordinated network of recovery support.

Learning Objective: Examine how Arizona applied its Disaster Recovery Framework to leverage federal and philanthropic resources to recover from a complex, non-declared wildfire disaster that devastated a small community in 2013.

A map of the Yarnell Hill fire estimated progression.

In June 2013, the unincorporated community of Yarnell in Yavapai County, Arizona experienced a dangerous wildfire caused by a lightning strike. It took 12 days for emergency personnel to contain the fire, during which time mandatory evacuation orders were in place for the communities of Yarnell and Peeples Valley.

When the fire was contained, over 8,300 acres had burned. Most devastating to the community, 19 local firefighters lost their lives attempting to contain the fire. This was the greatest loss of U.S. firefighter life since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the most wildland firefighters ever killed in a single fire.

According to the initial Preliminary Damage Assessment, 116 residences were impacted, 93 of which were completely destroyed. Approximately 30 of the destroyed structures were uninsured residential homes, and 50 percent of the impacted community was classified as low-income. Among many other infrastructure impacts, the fire caused approximately $1 million in structural damage to the Yarnell Water Improvement Association, a private water co-op that served as the sole water supply for the entire Yarnell area.

Damages stemming from the fire in Yarnell did not meet the threshold for FEMA funding. The Governor’s Emergency Fund also could not provide funding for repairs to privately-owned infrastructure, including the water co-op.

Local leadership and the Yarnell community were facing a major, complex recovery effort following the wildfire. In the days immediately following the disaster, the community was not only physically impacted, but also emotionally impacted by the loss of fellow community members and the severe interruption to day-to-day life.

In the midst of this, the realization that local leadership would have to take the lead in facilitating and directing the recovery effort was daunting. The level of support available from the state or federal government was a looming question: how much financial or technical expertise would these other governmental partners be able to offer to aid in Yarnell’s recovery? The extensive damage to local residences and infrastructure, combined with the uneven insurance coverage and lack of direct funding from the state or federal government, meant that the Yarnell community would need to find innovative ways to obtain funding and drive recovery progress.

In 2012, Arizona had published the Arizona Disaster Recovery Framework (AZDRF), identifying the roles and responsibilities of a State Recovery Coordinator (SRC) and six State Recovery Support Functions (SRSFs). The AZDRF created a structure that identified, organized, and coordinated key state and federal stakeholders for recovery at any scale. Under the framework, the SRC and the SRSFs collaborate to assess impacts, prioritize needs, and engage additional partners in order to meet recovery goals.

Arizona State Recovery Support Functions (SRSFs)

Community Planning and Capacity Building
Health and Social Services
Infrastructure Systems
Natural and Cultural Resources

Several community groups were also key to the firefighting and recovery efforts. The Granite Mountain Hotshots, a local municipally-funded wildland firefighting crew, worked nearly nonstop alongside crews who had traveled from other regions to help contain the fire.

Key Partners

Infrastructure Systems SRSF
Arizona Department of Water Resources
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Arizona Corporation Commission
USDA Regional Offices
U.S. Small Business Administration
National Rural Water Association

The media coverage of the fire generated a significant amount of attention, and financial donations stemming from news reports covered the cost of rebuilding the approximately 30 uninsured residential homes.

The nonprofit Yarnell Hill Recovery Group was formed to apply for grant funding and address the community’s unmet needs, and the Arizona Community Foundation and Yavapai County Community Foundation jointly awarded $400,000 to address the initial and most critical recovery issues. Additional funding and support from the Arizona Foundation for Charitable Support, the 100 Club of Arizona, and other non-governmental organizations contributed to the community’s long-term recovery. In total, approximately $13 million in public donations was distributed to victims and their families.

The U.S. Small Business Administration also stepped in, offering business loans of up to $2 million, home loans of up to $200,000, and personal property loans of up to $40,000, all low interest, for residents and business owners in Yarnell and other affected communities.

The state activated the Infrastructure Systems SRSF to coordinate the repair effort for the water co-op. The Arizona Department of Water Resources and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality took the lead and formed a working group that convened and coordinated relevant stakeholders to find a recovery solution that would incorporate resiliency and leverage federal interagency support.

Through the working group, the Arizona Corporation Commission, USDA Rural Development, and the National Rural Water Association assessed the current state of the water supply and relevant infrastructure systems and identified available financial resources, including consolidated and restructured loan options for the privately-owned water infrastructure. The stakeholders worked together to effectively reorganize the private co-op’s debt by expediting loan approvals and consolidating existing loans. These collaborative efforts allowed the co-op to maintain the Yarnell community’s water supply during the recovery period.

In 2015, another fire struck the Yarnell community. Though local officials were better prepared because of the actions taken in 2013, the Yarnell community partnered with USDA Rural Development once again for additional fire preparedness improvements during the recovery, including repairs to water infrastructure owned by the Yarnell Water Improvement Association and upgraded equipment for the Yarnell Fire Department.

The 2013 fire had a significant emotional impact on the community. The Yarnell Hill Fire Memorial Park and the Granite Mountain Interagency Hotshot Crew Learning and Tribute Center were both established to honor the 19 firefighters who lost their lives and provide spaces for remembrance and reflection.

Lessons Learned

Having a state recovery framework in place pre-disaster greatly improved the state’s ability to coordinate recovery efforts in the absence of a federal disaster declaration.
Leveraging financial donations and private sector grants for home repairs and victim needs allowed the Yarnell community to use federal funding for infrastructure improvements, both aiding recovery from the 2013 fire and increasing the community’s resiliency for future disasters.
The interagency, cross-sector working group was crucial to finding a sustainable, long-term solution for the damaged water co-op.
As a result of lessons learned after this fire, the Arizona Disaster Recovery Framework was updated to include specific tools for conducting recovery assessments, activating State Recovery Support Functions, and establishing clear communication post-disaster.

Follow up with the FEMA Guidance Development Office

The Guidance Development Office (GDO) develops and distributes FEMA’s Interagency Recovery Coordination (IRC) case studies. Our team would appreciate your feedback on these case studies and accompanying teaching notes. To get in contact with our team, please email [email protected] .

Case Study Downloads

Yarnell, Arizona Wildfire Case Study

Teaching Notes

Additional Resources

Arizona State Emergency Response & Reco v ery Plan (updated 2017)
Yarnell Hill Recovery Group
USDA Yarnell Community Update
Outside Magazine: The True Story of the Yarnell Hill Fire
Arizona Central: Yarnell Charitable Donations

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National Forest Service Library

Hayman Fire Case Study

Authors:
Year:	2003
Type:	General Technical Report
Station:	Rocky Mountain Research Station
DOI:
Source:	Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-114. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 396 p.

Titles contained within Hayman Fire Case Study

Hayman Fire case study: Summary [RMRS-GTR-114]
Fire behavior, fuel treatments, and fire suppression on the Hayman Fire
Fire behavior, fuel treatments, and fire suppression on the Hayman Fire - Part 1: Fire weather, meteorology, and climate
Fire behavior, fuel treatments, and fire suppression on the Hayman Fire - Part 2: Description and interpretations of fire behavior
Fire behavior, fuel treatments, and fire suppression on the Hayman Fire - Part 3: Effects of fuel treatments on fire severity
Fire behavior, fuel treatments, and fire suppression on the Hayman Fire - Part 4: Relation of roads to burn severity
Fire behavior, fuel treatments, and fire suppression on the Hayman Fire - Part 5: Fire suppression activities
Fire behavior, fuel treatments, and fire suppression on the Hayman Fire - Part 6: Daily emissions
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 1: Historical (pre-1860) and current (1860-2002) fire regimes
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 2: Historical (pre-1860) and current (1860-2002) forest and landscape structure
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 3: Soil properties, erosion, and implications for rehabilitation and aquatic ecosystems
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 4: Forest succession
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 5: Historical aquatic systems
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 6: Fire-induced changes in aquatic ecosystems
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 7: Key invasive nonnative plants
Ecological effects of the Hayman Fire - Part 8: Effects on species of concern
Home destruction within the Hayman Fire perimeter
Postfire rehabilitation of the Hayman Fire
Social and economic issues of the Hayman Fire

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India and Brazil Dominate Garena Free Fire Viewership

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Case Study: Game on with Free Fire World Series 2021

Learn how Marina Bay Sands’ world-class venue capabilities and hybrid event management expertise helped bring Free Fire World Series 2021 Singapore, a closed-door tournament, to millions of fans worldwide during an ongoing pandemic.

game-changer-free-fire-world-series-event-highlight-050721

When COVID-19 created a void in the events calendar and traditional live sporting events in 2020, the esports sector was not spared either, with many organisers feeling the impact due to postponed or cancelled events [1] . Still, despite travel restrictions, the esports sector is able to capitalise on its digital nature to livestream their events to millions of fans worldwide.

That was exactly what Garena, the developer and publisher behind the world’s most downloaded mobile game in 2019 and 2020 [2] , Free Fire, decided to do. The game continued to smash records in other ways. In May 2021, for the first time in its history, the Free Fire World Series transformed into a closed-door tournament without any audiences on-site. How did Garena do it?

The organiser had Marina Bay Sands as a venue partner. On 28 May, in the midst of an ongoing pandemic, the duo pushed the envelope and leveraged on technology to deliver an unparalleled and unified onsite and online experience, complete with heightened safe management measures. From conceptualisation to execution, the team pulled out all the stops to make a lasting impression.

Photo Credit: Garena

Set within two Halls at Sands Expo and Convention Centre, the team utilised the flexible space and high ceilings to stage a curved LED wall complete with a three-tiered seating stage. Each platform could accommodate up to four teams at a time. Each participating team's gaming area was fitted with LED panels, all synchronised with the main LED backdrop that appeared as one mega graphic on screen.

From the immersive staging within the exhibition halls to the meticulously orchestrated opening ceremony, the entire event was nothing short of spectacular. The organiser put together a riveting light show performance over the Marina Bay Waterfront Promenade to kick start the tournament with a bang. Viewers were mesmerised by the mysterious countdown displayed on a 4 metre by 4 metre LED cube strategically placed in the middle of the waterfront. Using augmented lights and special effects, the countdown gave way to a single beam of light piercing through the night sky, revealing 300 drones working in tandem to form the iconic Free Fire logo and other game elements against the city skyline.

Over at Sands Expo, the team set the stage ablaze with sophisticated light and graphic designs to welcome and introduce the teams to the world. The breathtaking opening ceremony, playoffs to the finals were all broadcasted live to millions of fans overseas. To ensure a seamless and stable streaming experience, Secure Reliable Transport (SRT) devices, an open-sourced video streaming protocol, were used to reduce any delay in transmission. To mitigate potential bandwidth fluctuations, Marina Bay Sands provided two dedicated internet connections with speed of 500Mbps each.

Months of planning paid off, with the response from the Free Fire community far exceeding expectations. The tournament hit a peak of over 5.4 million viewers, making it the most popular tournament event in the history of esports [3] . And all that, with zero audience on site.

Safety of participants took precedence

The tournament, which took place during Singapore’s Phase 2 (Heightened Alert), prioritised the health and safety of gamers and their crew as well as on-ground support staff.

With 18 teams from 11 regions, some even hailing from as far as Latin America and Commonwealth of Independent States, the strictest set of Safe Management Measures (SMM) was implemented. Marina Bay Sands ensured that all 9,270 sqm of event space was safe and sanitised for the players, crew and its Team Members.

Throughout the entire event, all overseas teams had to follow a strict controlled movement itinerary. Extra precautions were also taken, including:

Daily Antigen Rapid Tests (ART) were conducted for all players, crew and vendors, to ensure that potential cases could be swiftly identified and isolated;
All teams were separated at the testing site, located within the Halls, to minimise risk of transmission;
Dedicated isolation areas were also identified at the testing site;
Additional transport arrangements were made to ferry participants from the Marina Bay Sands Hotel directly to the venue’s entrance to minimise participants’ contact with the general public;
Clear demarcations of walking routes to ensure a one-way traffic flow at the event;
Team Members and external vendors who were in close contact with all overseas participants also underwent post-event COVID testing;
Developed a cleaning and disinfecting schedule for all high touch point areas at Sands Expo and Convention Centre.

“The health and safety of all involved were our top priority throughout. We planned and executed the World Series under unique circumstances and had to constantly adapt as the global pandemic situation developed. We were grateful for all the end-to-end support offered by the Marina Bay Sands team. The entire team was adaptable, quick to respond, and offered professional advice, based on the experience holding and hosting past international events,” Garena’s spokesperson said. “Marina Bay Sands was among our top choices to host and house participants and crew of the Free Fire World Series 2021 Singapore, and we are glad we went ahead to do so.”

The conversations around esports are truly bigger than ever – esports organisers are getting more creative in driving their digital and social content while teams and players continue to engage their followers through their own streaming. With the successful hosting of its first esport event, Marina Bay Sands will continue to focus on supporting the evolving technological needs of this sector.

[1] ESPN News: How coronavirus is affecting esports and gaming events

(https://www.espn.com.sg/esports/story/_/id/28852881/how-coronavirus-affecting-esports-gaming-events)

[2] Pocketgamer.biz: Garena Free Fire was the most downloaded mobile game last year

(https://www.pocketgamer.biz/news/75507/free-fire-was-the-most-downloaded-mobile-game-last-year)

[3] Esports Charts: Free Fire World Series 2021 Singapore detailed viewers stats

(https://escharts.com/tournaments/free-fire/free-fire-world-series-2021-singapore)

Meet the Team: Jamie Pang, Director of Technical Services, MICE

Sands Expo and Convention Centre redefines new bar for safety and hygiene standards for MICE venues

Spurring discussions for women leaders of tomorrow

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Open Cultural Studies (Jul 2023)

Strategies of Localizing Video Games into Arabic: A Case Study of PUBG and Free Fire

Jarrah Shatha,
Haider Ahmad S.,
Al-Salman Saleh

Affiliations

Read online

Video game localization is the process of adjusting a current video game to make it available, usable, and culturally appropriate to the target audience. This study aims to investigate the strategies that translators use in localizing PUBG and Free Fire video games into Arabic. The data were extracted from interfaces and in-game captions of the two video games. Due to space constraints, a representative subset of the collected data was then selected and analysed according to the translation strategies proposed by Díaz-Cintas, and Remael (2014). The analysis showed that the localizers have more often used transposition and literal translation strategies. They also tried to adapt the text to suit the target-language culture as much as possible. The findings of this study will be helpful to translators, localizers, and trainers. By adopting the most relevant translation strategies outlined in this article, game localizers will hopefully be better equipped with the mechanisms of video game localization. The current piece of work calls for investing more research efforts towards exploring and targeting a broader array of video game genres in Arabic.

localization
video games
translation strategies
audio visual translation

WeChat QR code

Game and Climate Change [An Idea for Free Fire]

Rafiq Naufal Shidiq

Introduction

Yesterday was Earth Day. April 22, is commemorated as Earth Day. But, what does it mean?

Based on Wikipedia, Earth Day is an annual event on April 22 to demonstrate support for environmental protection. Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.

Climate Change

One of the global issues that is related to Earth Day is Climate Change.

Many figures from different backgrounds such as science, government, and also business have talked about it. Especially about the mitigation and adaptation to climate change.

Linking the Earth Day yesterday (which the essence is to support environmental protection) to my current activity (preparing for a job interview with Garena, a leading global online games developer and publisher) and my study background (Meteorology, a science dealing with the atmosphere and its phenomena, including both weather and climate), makes an idea comes to my mind.

The problem

Before I present the idea, I would like to explain why this is important first.

What is the relationship between game and climate change?

At a glance, it seems like there is no association between games and climate change, right? How can a game affect climate? Does it generate CO2 emission such as vehicles for example? Of course not, isn’t it? Well, that will seem right if we see the direct impact. But, if we see the indirect impact perspective, it can be affecting. How? When we play games, we need electricity, aren’t we? And electricity comes from burning fossil fuels that generate emission directly, right? So, we can say that an activity like playing games can also affect climate and contribute to climate change. But, indirectly.

Maybe you are curious, if it’s right then how much does playing games contribute to climate change?

The answer can be found in this article, especially this part:

“Most games are played online and require a lot of data usage, contributing to “internet pollution”, which accounts for almost 3.7% of all global greenhouse gas emissions” ( Earth.org ).

Even though it is just 3.7% which is smaller than other industries that affect climate directly, I think considering this issue can be a good thing too for a game company. It can be beneficial.

The company’s actions on this global issue will not only give advantages to Earth but also to the company itself. How? Earth can get benefits when more people care to conserve, protect, or at least not destroy the environment. A company can get benefits when its actions are known by their customers. Just imagine if a game company cares about Earth or the environment. Doesn’t it sound cool? Customers who care about the environment can give more respect and appreciation to the company. It can create positive brand images on them. And if lucky, maybe there will be a media covering it because it is a unique phenomenon. A game company takes actions on climate change issues? How unusual is it! Because people usually don’t see it from an indirect perspective. So, it can be usual for them. If it happens, the power of the media’s leverage can make more people know about the company. Nice marketing strategy, isn’t it? Oh yeah, the media mustn’t be in the form of formal media, isn’t it. Social media is also a media, right?

If you agree, let’s move to the next section.

The Solution

Because the job I applied for is a Growth and Data Analysis position at Garena, so my idea will be specific to Garena’s product.

Here, I choose Garena Free Fire. The reason is because Garena Free Fire is the most downloaded mobile game globally in 2019, 2020, and 2021 with over 1 billion downloads on Appstore and Google Play and a peak of 150 million daily active users. So, it can reach a lot of people because this game. The next reason is because I’ve played it, so I can imagine the scenario well. I can play it in my mind although it hasn’t existed in the real world yet.

So, what is the idea?

Creating a climate change event!

Why is it? One of the tasks stated in the job description is “Conceptualize, plan, execute and analyze various in-game events”. So, I think this idea will be relevant.

If we learn from history, there is an event named “ Winterland ” in 2018. In that event, the battle arena was covered by snow. Moreover, the snow rain that fell from the sky has adorn the battle. How cool and beautiful it is! Here is the video.

So, why don’t we create an event like that but with a theme about climate change? I think climate change is more meaningful. Moreover, perhaps it will be impactful.

In my opinion, it can increase the awareness and knowledge of the users. Millions of people will see it. Not only see, but experience it virtually. I don’t know, will the lesson be easier to remember or understand? Will the memory or understanding last longer? If yes, then it is a good thing, isn’t it? Well, I think it is a task of Psychology researchers to figure out the answer. But, as people in the business field we have our own task, don’t we? Try, right? So, why don’t we try it!

Considering the number of people can be reached by Garena Free Fire brands (not limited to the number of players inside the game, but also the followers and subscribers of official Garena Free Fire social media accounts, and also the Free Fire influencers that have their own followers and subscribers. Could we imagine how big the impact we can make to society? We can teach millions of people how to save Earth or even just to be aware or care about Earth. And of course, in a fun way. By game!

Okay, if you have understood the potential benefit of the idea. Now, let’s answer the next question.

What will it look like?

We don’t want just an abstract solution, right? We want a concrete solution. So, how is it? I’ll show it. Here is what comes into my mind.

In my imagination, I see it will be a climate hazard that occurs during the battle. Location doesn’t matter. It can occur in Bermuda or other places. What matters is the climate hazard effect! Imagine, there is a thunderstorm that can hit the characters randomly, a big tornado that can destroy or swap the buildings, a severe flood that cover the ground and slow the move of characters, a heatwave that decrease the character’s HP unless they hide in building, and other climate hazards that possible to happen in real life. But, more chaotic, more dangerous, and more unpredictable than in reality will be more interesting. Of course, because it is a game. Games must be more than reality, right!

These are some examples of climate hazards that I can mention. It is not really imaginative. It is based on what I learned in university. Like I said in the beginning, I study Meteorology. So, it has scientific evidence that these kinds of hazards can happen in the real world in the future if global warming or CO2 emission is not reduced. Well, those hazards are not really different from what we’ve already known. It just differs in some aspects like frequency, intensity, etc. In simple words, it is more extreme.

That’s the main point of the idea. It can be improved or modified. Just adjust with the goal and situation.

Closing statement

I would like to close this article like this.

If other people say that games can affect the climate. We say, “Yes. But the effect can be positive!”. It can teach many people, especially younger generations, with a little environmental knowledge such as climate hazards as a potential impact of climate change. Isn’t it cool?

Written by Rafiq Naufal Shidiq

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Comparative analysis between remote sensing burned area products in brazil: a case study in an environmentally unstable watershed.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. study area, 2.2. satellite data, 2.2.1. amazônia-1 satellite data, 2.2.2. aq1km satellite data, 2.2.3. mapbiomas fire, 2.3. methodology, 2.3.1. trend analysis, 2.3.2. training samples, 2.3.3. u-net model classification, 2.3.4. accuracy analysis, 3. results and discussion, 3.1. analysis of the distribution, frequency, and trends of burned area, 3.2. spectral separability analysis, 3.3. burned area by u-net classification, 3.4. accuracy analysis, 4. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest, abbreviations.


ANA	National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency
BAI	Burned Area Index
BHO	Ottocoded Hydrographic Base
Corr	Correlation
CE	Commission Error
DC	Dice Coefficient
GEE	Google Earth Engine
GSD	Ground Sampling Distance
IPAHN	Amazon Environmental Research Institute
ITCZ	Intertropical Convergence Zone
LASA	Laboratory of Environmental Satellite Applications
MK	Mann–Kendall
MODIS	Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
NIR	Near-Infrared
NDVI	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
OE	Omission Error
OLI-2	Operational Land Instrument 2
ReLU	Rectified Linear Unit
RMSE	Root Mean Square Error
SWIR	Short-Wave Infrared
UFRJ	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
TSA	Thiessen Scene Area
WFI	Wide Field Imaging Camera
WMO	World Meteorological Organization

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da Silva Junior, J.A.; Pacheco, A.d.P.; Ruiz-Armenteros, A.M.; Henriques, R.F.F. Comparative Analysis between Remote Sensing Burned Area Products in Brazil: A Case Study in an Environmentally Unstable Watershed. Fire 2024 , 7 , 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070238

da Silva Junior JA, Pacheco AdP, Ruiz-Armenteros AM, Henriques RFF. Comparative Analysis between Remote Sensing Burned Area Products in Brazil: A Case Study in an Environmentally Unstable Watershed. Fire . 2024; 7(7):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070238

da Silva Junior, Juarez Antonio, Admilson da Penha Pacheco, Antonio Miguel Ruiz-Armenteros, and Renato Filipe Faria Henriques. 2024. "Comparative Analysis between Remote Sensing Burned Area Products in Brazil: A Case Study in an Environmentally Unstable Watershed" Fire 7, no. 7: 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070238

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The Supreme Court Is Not Done Remaking America

Some of the rulings that came before the justices’ decision on presidential immunity could prove to have just as big an impact..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Michael Barbaro. This is “The Daily.”

When the Supreme Court wrapped up its term last week, much of the focus was on the ruling that gave Donald Trump sweeping immunity from criminal prosecution. But as my colleague Adam Liptak explains, a set of rulings that generated far less attention could have just as big an impact on American government and society.

It’s Monday, July 8.

Adam, welcome back. It hasn’t been very long, but we want to talk to you about the rest of the Supreme Court’s decisions that happened over the past few weeks, the rest meaning the non-Trump decisions. There were a lot of other cases, many of which we covered on the show over the past year, but we haven’t yet talked about where the justices landed as they issued their rulings on these cases over the past few weeks. So I wonder if you can walk us through some of the bigger decisions and what, taken as a whole, this entire term really means. So where should we start?

Well, this term had so many major cases, Michael, on so many important issues touching all aspects of American politics and society, that it’s a little hard to know where to start. But I think one way to think about the term is to ask, how much is this a 6-3 court? There are six conservatives in the majority, the three liberal justices in dissent. Are we going to get that kind of classic lineup time after time after time?

And one way to start answering that question is to look at two areas which are kind of part of the court’s greatest hits, areas where they’ve done a lot of work in the last few terms — guns and abortion.

OK, let’s start with guns.

The court had two big guns cases. One of them involved the Second Amendment and broke 8 to 1 against Second Amendment rights. Only Justice Clarence Thomas, the most avid supporter of gun rights, was in dissent. So let me tell you just a little bit about this case.

There’s a federal law that says people subject to domestic violence restraining orders, it’s a crime for them to have guns. A guy named Zackey Rahimi was subject to such a domestic violence restraining order, but he goes to court and says, this law violates my Second Amendment rights. The Second Amendment protects me and allows me to have a gun even if I’m in this status.

And that goes to the Supreme Court. And the way the Supreme Court analyzes this question is it looks to a test that it established only a couple of years ago, in 2022, which said you judge the constitutionality of gun control laws using history. You kind of go back in time and you see whether the community and the founding era disarmed people in the same way that the current law disarms people.

And you might think that actually, back in the 1700s, there were no such things as domestic violence restraining orders. So you might think that the answer is, this contemporary law is unconstitutional. But Chief Justice John Roberts, writing for an eight-justice majority, says, no, that’s not quite right. We’re going to kind of roll back the specificity of the test and look at very general principles. Can you disarm dangerous people back then? And if you can do that, then you can disarm Rahimi, even under this law that the founding generation could not have contemplated.

That’s really interesting. So the court, its conservative majority especially, seems to be saying that our last big decision made it too hard to regulate guns. We need to fix that. So we’re going to search really hard for a way to make sure that somebody with a restraining order for domestic abuse can’t legally have a gun.

Right. On the other hand, there was a second guns case, not involving the Second Amendment, but posing an important issue. The question in the case was whether the Trump administration was allowed to enact a gun control regulation in 2017 after the Las Vegas shooting in which, at an outdoor music festival, a gunman killed 58 people, wounded 500 more.

And the Trump administration, prompted by this massacre, they issue a regulation that tries to outlaw bump stocks. What are bump stocks? They’re devices that turn semi-automatic weapons into weapons that can fire at rates approaching a machine gun. And drawing on the authority of a 1934 law which bans, for the most part, civilian ownership of machine guns, it said bump stocks are basically the same thing, and we will, by regulation, outlaw them.

And the question for the court was, did the 1934 law authorize that? And here — and this is a typical split on this kind of stuff — the majority, the conservative majority, takes a textualist approach. It bears down on the particular words of the statute. And Justice Thomas looks at the words that Congress said a machine gun is one where a single function of the trigger causes all of these bullets to fly. And a bump stock, he said, is not precisely that. Therefore, we’re going to strike down this regulation.

So how do you reconcile these two divergent gun rulings, one where the court works really hard to allow for gun restrictions in the case of domestic abusers, and another where they seem to have no compunction about allowing for a bump stock that I think most of us, practically speaking, understand as making a semiautomatic weapon automatic in the real world?

I think the court draws a real distinction between two kinds of cases. One is about interpreting the Constitution, interpreting the Second Amendment. And in that area, it is plowing new ground. It has issued maybe four major Second Amendment cases, and it’s trying to figure out how that works and what the limits are. And the Rahimi case shows you that they’re still finding their way. They’re trying to find the right balance in that constitutional realm where they are the last word.

The bump stocks case doesn’t involve the Constitution. It involves an interpretation of a statute enacted by Congress. And the majority, in those kinds of cases, tends to read statutes narrowly. And they would say that that’s acceptable because unlike in a constitutional case, if it’s about a congressional statute, Congress can go back and fix it. Congress can say whatever it likes.

Justice Samuel Alito said, in the bump stocks case, this massacre was terrible, and it’s a pity Congress didn’t act. But if Congress doesn’t act, a regulator can’t step in and do what Congress didn’t do.

That’s interesting, because it suggests a surprising level of open-mindedness among even the court’s most conservative justices to an interpretation of the Constitution that may allow for a greater level of gun regulation than perhaps we think of them as being interested in.

Yeah. When we’re talking about the Constitution, they do seem more open to regulating guns than you might have thought.

OK. You also mentioned, Adam, abortion. Let’s talk about those decisions from this court.

So the Court, in 2022, as everyone knows, overturned Roe v. Wade, eliminated the constitutional right to abortion. But in two cases this term, they effectively enhanced the availability of abortion.

One of them involves emergency rooms. There’s a federal statute that says that emergency rooms that receive federal money have to treat patients and give them stabilizing care if they arrive in the emergency room. That seems to conflict with a strict Idaho law that prohibits abortions except to save the life of the mother.

The court agrees to hear the case, it hears arguments, and then it dismisses the case. It dismisses it as improvidently granted, which is judicial speak for “never mind.” But it’s very tentative. The court merely dismissed the case. It said it was too early to hear it. They’re going to look at it later. So it’s a very tentative sliver of a victory for abortion rights.

But nonetheless, the effect of this is to suspend the Idaho law, at least to the extent it conflicts with the federal law. And it lets emergency abortions continue. Women in Idaho have more access to emergency abortions as a consequence of this decision than if the court had gone the other way.

And of course, the other abortion case centered on the abortion pill, mifepristone.

Right. And that pill is used in a majority of abortions. And the availability of that pill is crucial to what remains of abortion rights in the United States. Lower courts had said that the Food and Drug Administration exceeded its authority in approving these abortion pills. And the case comes to the Supreme Court.

And here, again, they rule in favor of abortion rights. They maintain the availability of these pills, but they do so, again, in a kind of technical way that does not assure that the pills will forever remain available. What the court says, merely — and unanimously — is that the particular plaintiffs who challenged the law, doctors and medical groups who oppose abortion, didn’t have standing, hadn’t suffered the sort of direct injury, that gave them the right to sue.

And it got rid of the case on standing grounds. But that’s not a permanent decision. Other people, other groups can sue, have sued. And the court didn’t decide whether the FDA approval was proper or not, only that the lawsuit couldn’t go forward. And here, too, this case is a victory for abortion rights, but maybe an ephemeral one, and may well return to the court, which has not given an indication of how it will turn out if they actually address the merits.

Got it. So this is a court, the one you’re describing in these rulings, acting with some nuance and some restraint?

Yeah, this picture is complicated.

This is not the court that we’re used to thinking about. There are a lot of crosscurrents. There are a lot of surprises. And that was true, in those cases, on big issues, on guns and abortion. But in another set of cases, the court moved aggressively to the right and really took on the very power and structure of the federal government.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

We’ll be right back.

So Adam, tell us about these cases where the court was less nuanced, less, perhaps, judicious, and really tried to move aggressively to the right and take on the power of government?

So it’s been a long-term goal of the conservative legal movement to weaken the power of regulators, of taking on what they call the administrative state. And this term, the court really vindicated that decades-old project primarily by overruling the foundational precedent in this area, a precedent that gave expert agencies the power to interpret federal laws and enact regulations to protect consumers, investors, all manner of people.

And the court overruled that decision called Chevron. It was as important as the court, two years ago, overruling the right to abortion, one year ago, overruling affirmative action in higher education. This decision will reshape the way the federal government does its work.

Right. And Adam, as I recall, because we did a whole episode about this with you, Chevron created a framework whereby if a law has any ambiguity about how it’s supposed to play out, that the experts within the federal government, within the EPA or the FDA, you name the agency, that we collectively defer to them and their wisdom, and that that becomes the basis for how these laws get interpreted and carried out.

That’s right. And if you think about it, Michael, Congress can’t anticipate every circumstance. Congress will, on purpose sometimes, and inevitably at other times, leave gaps in the law. And those gaps need to be filled by someone. And the choice that the Chevron decision made was to say, we’re going to let the expert regulator fill in those gaps. If there are ambiguities in statutes, the reasonable interpretation of the regulator will get deference from courts.

Experts, not judges, will decide this matter, is what Chevron said 40 years ago. And it’s really hard to overstate the consequences of overruling Chevron. It will open countless, countless regulations to judicial challenge. It may actually kind of swamp the courts. The courts have relied very heavily on Chevron to make difficult decisions about complicated stuff, questions about the environment, and food safety, and drugs, and securities, questions that really often require quite technical expertise.

So what was the court’s rationale for changing that Chevron framework that’s been in place for so long?

What the six-justice majority opinion written by Chief Justice Roberts says is that Chevron was a wrong turn from the outset, that unelected bureaucrats should not be empowered to say what the law means, that that’s the job of judges. So it moves from the expert agency to federal judges the determination of all sorts of important issues. And it probably has the effect of deregulating much of American society.

I mean, in the old world, the regulator had a thumb on the scale. The regulator’s interpretation of an ambiguous statute was the one that counted. And now, the judge will have a fresh look at it. That doesn’t mean that, in every case, the challenger wins, and in every case, the regulator loses. But it shifts the balance and it makes challenges more likely to succeed.

Where else did we see this instinct by the court to challenge the government’s authority in this term?

So right after the court overturns Chevron, it issues a second decision that really amplifies the power of that decision, because it says that challenges can be brought not only in the usual six-year statute of limitations from when a regulation is issued, but six years from when it first affects a company.

And bear with me, because that’s a big difference. If I start a company tomorrow, I have six years to sue over a regulation that affects it, even though that regulation may have been in place for 30 years. So it restarts the clock on challenges, and that one-two punch, both of them decided by 6-3 majorities, go even further in reshaping the ability of the federal government to regulate.

I just want to be sure I understand something. So in the past, let’s say the Clean Water Act was passed in the 1970s. Under the old statute of limitations, a company could sue and say that regulation is a problem for six years. But you’re saying a new company formed right now could go back and sue over something in a 30 - or 40-year-old law and how it’s being interpreted. In other words, this ruling means there really isn’t a statute of limitations on challenging these regulations any longer.

That’s right. And it’s not as though you can’t form a company just for the purpose of litigation. I mean, it completely opens up the ability of industries, trade groups just to set up a trivial nothing company that will then be said to be affected by the regulation and then can sue from now until the end of time.

And the liberal justices sure understood what was happening here, that this one-two punch, as Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote in dissent, was a catastrophe for regulators. She wrote, “At the end of a momentous term, this much is clear — that tsunami of lawsuits against agencies that the court’s holdings in this case have authorized has the potential to devastate the functioning of the federal government.”

It’s a pretty searing warning.

Yeah. I mean, talking about regulations and administrative law might put some people to sleep, but this is a really big deal, Michael. And as if those two cases were not a substantial enough attack on the federal government’s regulatory authority, the court also issues a third 6-3 decision undoing one of the main ways that regulators file enforcement actions against people who they say have violated the law.

They don’t always go to court. Sometimes, they go to administrative tribunals within the agency. The court says, no, that’s no good. Only courts can adjudicate these matters. So it’s just another instance of the court being consistently hostile to the administrative state.

Adam, all three of these decisions might sound pretty dangerous if you have a lot of confidence in the federal government and in the judgments of regulators and bureaucrats to interpret things. But if you’re one of the many Americans who doesn’t have a whole lot of faith in the federal government, I have to imagine all of these rulings might seem pretty constructive.

That’s an excellent point. Lots of people are skeptical of regulators, are skeptical of what they would call the deep state, of unelected bureaucrats, of even the idea of expertise. And so for those people, this is a step in the right direction. It’s taking power away from bureaucrats and handing it to what we would hope are independent, fair-minded judges.

What does seem clear, Adam, is that even though this episode was supposed to be about the rest of the Supreme Court’s rulings this year, the less sexy-sounding decisions than Trump and immunity and how much power and protection all future presidents have, the rulings that you’re describing around the government’s administrative power, they seem like they’re going to have the greatest long-term impact on how our government functions, and in a sense, what our society looks like.

Well, the biggest case of the term is obviously the Trump immunity case. That’s a decision for the ages. But close behind these decisions, reshaping the administrative state and vindicating a long-held goal of the conservative legal movement going back to the Reagan administration, that the Federalist Society, the conservative legal group, has been pushing for decades, and really unraveling a conception of what the federal government does that’s been in place since the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his New Deal.

So as much as we’ve been talking about other cases where the court was tentative, surprising, nuanced in the biggest cases of the term, all delivered by six to three votes, all controlled by the conservative supermajority, the court was not nuanced. It was straightforward, and it reshaped American government.

In the end, a hard right court is going to, no matter how much it might deviate, operate like a hard right court.

Yes, Michael. It’s possible to look at the balance of the decisions and draw all kinds of complicated conclusions about the court. But when you look at the biggest cases, the picture you see is a conservative court moving the law to the right.

Well, Adam, thank you very much. We appreciate it.

Thank you, Michael.

Here’s what else you need to know today. “The Times” reports that four senior Democratic house members have told colleagues that President Biden must step aside as the party’s nominee over fears that he is no longer capable of winning. They include the top Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee, the Armed Services Committee, and the Veterans Affairs Committee.

Those top Democrats joined five rank and file House Democrats who have publicly called for Biden to step down. The latest of those was representative Angie Craig of Minnesota, who represents a swing district in the state. In a statement, Craig said that after watching Biden in the first debate, quote, “I do not believe that the president can effectively campaign and win against Donald Trump.” Senate Democrats remain largely quiet on the question of Biden’s future.

Now, you probably heard, I had a little debate last week. I can’t say it was my best performance.

In several appearances over the weekend, Biden acknowledged the growing skepticism of his candidacy —

Well, ever since then, there’s been a lot of speculation. What’s Joe going to do?

— but emphatically rejected the calls to step aside.

Well, let me say this clearly as I can. I’m staying in the race.

And in a surprise electoral upset, France’s political left was projected to win the largest number of seats in the National Assembly after the latest round of voting. The anti-immigrant far right had been expected to make history by winning the most seats, but a last-minute scramble by left wing parties averted that result.

Today’s episode was produced by Rikki Novetsky, Shannon Lin, and Rob Szypko. It was edited by Devon Taylor and Lisa Chow. Contains original music by Dan Powell and Sophia Lanman, and was engineered by Chris Wood. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Michael Barbaro. See you tomorrow.

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When the Supreme Court wrapped up its term last week, much of the focus was on the ruling that gave former President Donald J. Trump sweeping immunity from criminal prosecution. But another set of rulings that generated less attention could have just as big an impact on American government and society.

Adam Liptak, who covers the Supreme Court for The Times, explains.

On today’s episode

Adam Liptak , who covers the Supreme Court for The New York Times and writes Sidebar, a column on legal developments.

A group portrait of the Supreme Court justices in their black gowns, in front of a red velvet curtain.

Background reading

In a volatile term, a fractured Supreme Court remade America .

Here’s a guide to the major Supreme Court decisions in 2024 .

In video: How a fractured Supreme Court ruled this term .

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson, Nina Lassam and Nick Pitman.

Adam Liptak covers the Supreme Court and writes Sidebar, a column on legal developments. A graduate of Yale Law School, he practiced law for 14 years before joining The Times in 2002. More about Adam Liptak

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Mundka Fire Incident - Case Study - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. A fire broke out at a four-story commercial building in Delhi, India, killing 27 people and injuring 40 others. The fire started due to a short circuit in the generator on the first floor and quickly spread throughout the building, which lacked proper fire safety measures ...
Strategies of Localizing Video Games into Arabic: A Case Study of PUBG
This study aims to investigate the strategies that translators use in localizing PUBG and Free Fire video games into Arabic. The data were extracted from interfaces and in-game captions of the two video games. Due to space constraints, a representative subset of the collected data was then selected and analysed according to the translation ...
Communication Model of Youth Online Game Players Free Fire (Case Study
COMMUNICATION MODEL OF YOUTH ONLINE GAME PLAYERS FREE FIRE (CASE STUDY OF TEENAGERS IN RT02 MANULAI 2 VILLAGE, KUPANG CITY) Lewi Shaboulon Naisais1,, Mas'Amah2, Veki Edizon Tuhana3 1,2,3 Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang Jln. Adi sucipto, Penfui, Telp. (0380) 881183, Nusa Tenggara Timur
BFP Case Study
Bfp Case Study - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This document discusses fire safety management strategies provided by the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in the Philippines. It outlines the BFP's responsibilities to prevent and suppress fires according to relevant laws.
Game and Climate Change [An Idea for Free Fire]
Many figures from different backgrounds such as science, government, and also business have talked about it. Especially about the mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Linking the Earth Day…
PDF Black Tiger Fire Case Study
500 fire fighters from local, state and federal fire agencies worked to eventually contain the fire and protect the numerous other homes built in the rustic surroundings. Some of the fire fighters' own homes were threatened or destroyed by the fire. Only a few minor fire fighter injuries were reported and one resident was hospitalized from burns.
Fire
AMA Style. Manea F, Ghicioi E, Suvar MC, Prodan M, Vlasin NI, Suvar NS, Vlase T. FDS Results for Selecting the Right Scenario in the Case of a Building Fire: A Case Study.
Fire Case Study: Mahagun Mall
FIRE case study ppt 13-09-2017 (2).pdf - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The Mahagun Metro Mall in Ghaziabad, India is a 1 million square foot commercial development completed in 2010-2011. It has 9 floors above ground and 3 basement levels containing retail shops, a multiplex cinema, and serviced ...
PDF Case Study of Fire Incident
• Fire and rescue operation continued up to 28, May 2002. ... CASE STUDY OF FIRE INCIDENT IN M/S SHREEJI INTERNATIONAL EXPORT SHOE MANUFACTURING FACTORY IN JEONI MANDI,AGRA ON 24-05-2002 Author: HP Authorized Customer Created Date: 7/14/2014 12:14:28 PM ...
Kolkata Fire Case Study AMRI Hostpital
Kolkata Fire case study AMRI Hostpital - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. At around 2:30 am on December 9, 2011, a major fire broke out in the basement of AMRI Hospital in Kolkata where combustible materials like oxygen cylinders and engine oil were stored, killing 93 people. Smoke quickly spread throughout the building due to the non-functional fire ...
Fire
Forest fires can profoundly impact the hydrological response of river basins, modifying vegetation characteristics and soil infiltration. This results in a significant increase in surface flow and channel runoff. In response to these effects, many researchers from different areas of earth sciences are committed to determining emergency measures to rehabilitate river basins, intending to ...
The Supreme Court Is Not Done Remaking America
The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan ...
Fire Fighting Case Study
This case study examines fire safety in the Soft Wear House building. It discusses fire detection, control of fire spread, prevention of structural damage, means of escape, and challenges like smoke movement and evacuation. The building contains standpipes, sprinklers, fire pumps, and a communication system to aid firefighters. While the building has strong concrete, alternatives may be needed ...
Case Study of BFP
case-study-of-BFP_final - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The Bureau of Fire Protection faces deficiencies in resources that impact their ability to perform firefighting operations effectively and safely. They are understaffed by over 11,000 firefighters, have outdated fire trucks, and about 50% of firefighters lack full ...