can an essay have subtitles

Subtitles in an Essay: How to write Subtitles in Essays or Papers

Do you need to know how to write titles and subtitles in essays effectively? The main secret is to ensure that the titles and subtitles you choose represent the content under them.

This article presents reliable ways that you can use to write titles and subtitles.

Can an Essay have Subtitles?

Essays can have subtitles because they are useful writing tools.

Subtitles direct the reader that the main heading has been divided into several parts. However, before using them, it is always important to inquire whether your subject discipline requires their use.

An essay can have subtitles if they help organize the thoughts, arguments and points into sectional topics that support the main thesis. Subtitles help the writer organize written work, especially if it involves a lot of words. Subheadings can be mini-essays because the writer is required to write their introduction, body, and conclusion before ending them.

Remember that subtitles must comprehend the main title because they can make a relevant piece of writing lose meaning.

How to Write Subtitles in an Essay or Paper

To write good essay subtitles, you need to do the following:

Come up with the Subtitles

To come up with effective subtitles, you need to understand the title of your essay clearly. The objective of the whole essay and the main points you want to put across should also be clear to avoid formulating subtitles that do not rhyme with your essay title.

In some essays, subtitles should be from the main to the minor. For example, if the title of your essay is “How the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the United States economy,” you should start with the main effects and proceed to the minor ones.

When formulating them, keep them arranged in this order for easy writing.

Write Clear Subtitles that are Straight to the Point

Subtitles should always be meaningful by themselves. The reader should not read the content to know what the subheading is but instead read the subtitle and know what to expect in the content.

This means that subtitles such as “introduction,” “body,” and “conclusion” should not be used in writing.

When the reader goes through the subheadings in your essays, they should know everything they are to expect concerning the thesis statement.

If there is no logical progression of ideas presented by your subtitles, then you have not arranged them properly, and the reader will likely get confused when going through them.

Write Short and Attention Grabbing Subtitles

Subtitles should always be short. They should only take a few seconds to read. Always try to make them as short as possible because you will explain them in detail.

However, always make sure that they make sense. There is no need to write short headlines if they do not make sense or clearly present what you will write about.

Subtitles should also grab the attention of the reader. Once they see them, they should have the urge to read what it is all about. Subtitles should use a smaller heading font than the main title and be bolded to differentiate them from the normal text.

Can an Essay have Titles

Essays should always have titles. Titles present what essays are all about hence giving the reader insight of what to expect when going through them.

An essay without a title cannot be said to be complete. Any cases of untitled essays must be allowed by the instructor or be in the instructions of the work provided.

How to Write Titles in an Essay

You must do the following to write effective titles for your essays.

Write the Title of the Essay after Writing the Content

You always have the title of your essay in mind as you are writing, but you should write it only after completing the text.

Only when you read the entire text will you be able to word the title correctly. This helps come up with a title that accurately presents what you have written and increases the chance of the title emphasizing what the thesis statement entails.

Always come up with similar titles, and from them, you can choose the most appropriate one for your essay.

Through brainstorming, you are sure that the chances of writing a title that does not go hand in hand are minimal.

Use an Academic Tone

A title of an essay should always have an academic tone that spreads throughout the whole paper. This is why we use third-person language and refrain from using personal opinions in papers or essays.

The language and word choice should depict persuasiveness and strictness and be informative. Any jargon should be avoided because essays are academic writings that are considered official documents.

Make it Catchy

Titles should always grab the attention of the reader. This is achieved by connecting with the reader immediately when they read the title.

This can be done by using questions, stating facts, and avoiding mysterious titles

Use Keywords

The title should contain the keywords in your essay. Both the title and the thesis statement should relay the same message.

Using keywords is also crucial in grabbing the attention of readers. Readers can know what to expect in an essay the most through keywords.

Make it Simple

Do not complicate an essay title. It is the first thing that the reader must easily understand.

Therefore, avoid using vocabulary may prevent the reader from directly grasping what your essay is all about

Follow the Format

Different writing formats require writers to write titles differently. Check out how to structure a paper and get a few things on the best format to use for term papers and research papers.

If formats are specified in the instructions, always follow their guidelines when writing a title. For example, APA format, MLS format, and the Chicago format have different ways of formulating a title, and using one instead of the recommended one can lead to essay failure.

Keep it Short and Accurate

A good title should always grab the reader’s attention without revealing the details of the essay. Even if no word limitations are provided, avoid making titles too long.

A title should always accurately represent what is in your essay and set expectations of what to learn in the essay.

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Signposting is a really useful tool to help you structure your essay and provide clarity for your reader.

Signposting can be divided into two broad categories:

Major signposts

Examples of major signposts:

The aim of this study is to…
The purpose of this essay is to…
This essay argues that…
There is a lot of academic literature about this issue…
This essay begins by… It will then go on to… Finally…
This paragraph will focus upon…
In conclusion…

Linking words and phrases or connectives

These show connections between sentences and paragraphs.

Examples of linking words and phrases:

Listing: firstly, secondly, finally
Indicating addition or similarity: also, in addition, furthermore, similarly
Indicating contrast: however, nevertheless, on the other hand
Giving a reason: for this reason, because, due to…
Indicating result or consequence: therefore, as a result, consequently
Reformulating an idea: in other words, to put it simply, that is…
Using examples: for example, for instance

Depending on your essay question and/or length, subtitles may be another useful signposting tool. They are a clear indication to the reader about what the following paragraphs will be focusing upon. It is worth checking that your subject discipline encourages the use of subtitles.

Be careful that you use signposting and subtitles correctly as having too many and using them incorrectly can be confusing to the reader and may lose you marks.

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What Are Subtitles In A Paper

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Introduction

When it comes to writing a paper, there are several elements that contribute to its overall structure and organization. One such element is the use of subtitles. Subtitles, also known as subheadings or headings, are short phrases or titles that provide a concise summary of the content that follows. They serve as a roadmap for readers, helping them navigate through the paper and understand the main points being discussed.

The use of subtitles in a paper is not only a stylistic choice but also an important tool for effective communication. Subtitles help break down complex ideas into smaller, more manageable sections, making it easier for readers to grasp the main ideas and follow the logical flow of the paper. Additionally, subtitles provide visual cues that assist readers in skimming through the paper and quickly locating specific information.

Whether you are writing an essay, research paper, or any other academic document, using subtitles can greatly enhance the reader’s experience and understanding. By structuring your paper with clear and informative subtitles, you can present your ideas in a cohesive and organized manner, making it easier for readers to engage with your content.

In the following sections, we will explore the purpose and importance of subtitles in academic writing, as well as provide guidelines and examples for effectively using subtitles in your paper. But before we delve into those details, let us first understand what exactly subtitles are and how they differ from headings and subheadings.

Definition of Subtitles

Before we delve into the benefits and guidelines for using subtitles in a paper, it is important to establish a clear understanding of what exactly subtitles are and how they differ from headings and subheadings.

Subtitles, also known as subheadings or headings, are concise phrases or titles that provide a brief summary of the content that follows. They are typically used in written materials, such as papers, articles, books, and presentations, to break down the main text into smaller, more manageable sections.

Unlike headings, which are used to designate major sections or chapters within a document, subtitles are used to further divide these sections into more specific categories or topics. They provide a hierarchical structure to the content, allowing readers to easily navigate through the paper and locate relevant information.

Subtitles are often distinguished from headings by their formatting. While headings are typically presented in a larger font size, subtitles are usually formatted with bold text or placed within quotation marks to visually differentiate them from the main text. This visual distinction makes it easier for readers to identify and locate specific sections within a paper.

It is crucial to note that the use of subtitles should be consistent throughout the paper. Ideally, they should be used in a logical and systematic manner, following a clear and coherent structure. This ensures that readers can easily follow the flow of ideas and connect the different sections of the paper.

Now that we have established the definition of subtitles and their role in organizing a paper, let us explore the purpose and importance of using subtitles in academic writing.

Purpose of Subtitles in a Paper

The use of subtitles in a paper serves various purposes that contribute to effective communication and enhanced reader comprehension. Understanding the purpose of subtitles can help you strategically incorporate them into your writing to create a well-structured and engaging document.

One of the primary purposes of subtitles is to guide the reader through the content of the paper. By providing clear and descriptive titles for different sections, subtitles act as signposts, indicating the main ideas or topics covered in each section. This helps readers orient themselves and understand the overall organization of the paper, making it easier for them to navigate through the text and locate specific information.

Furthermore, subtitles facilitate the skimming and scanning of a paper. In academic settings, readers often have limited time and may need to quickly assess the relevance of a document to their research or study. Subtitles provide visual cues that allow readers to skim through the paper and identify sections or subsections that are of particular interest. This not only helps readers save time but also encourages them to engage with the content more effectively.

In addition to aiding navigation and skimming, subtitles also improve the readability of a paper. Breaking down large blocks of text into smaller, subsections with descriptive subtitles makes the content more digestible. This is especially important for academic papers that may contain complex concepts or lengthy discussions. Subtitles provide a logical structure to the content, allowing readers to follow the flow of ideas and maintain focus throughout the paper.

Another purpose of subtitles is to highlight key points or arguments within the paper. By using concise and informative subtitles, you can draw attention to important concepts, findings, or discussions. This helps readers understand the significance of specific sections and enables them to selectively dive deeper into the content that is most relevant to their needs.

Overall, the purpose of subtitles in a paper is to improve readability, facilitate navigation, and enhance the overall comprehensibility of the content. By strategically incorporating subtitles, you can guide your readers through your paper, provide visual cues for efficient skim reading, and create a more engaging and accessible document.

Importance of Subtitles in Academic Writing

Subtitles play a crucial role in academic writing, offering significant benefits for both writers and readers. Recognizing the importance of subtitles can help you improve the clarity, organization, and overall impact of your academic papers.

First and foremost, subtitles help improve the overall structure and organization of academic writing. By breaking down the content into smaller sections with clear subtitles, you create a sense of coherence and logical progression. This not only makes it easier for readers to understand your arguments and ideas but also enables you to organize your thoughts better as a writer. Subtitles help you communicate your main points effectively, ensuring that your paper flows smoothly and is easy to follow.

Additionally, subtitles enhance the readability of academic papers. When readers encounter lengthy paragraphs or dense text, they can quickly become overwhelmed, leading to reduced comprehension. Subtitles provide visual breaks in the text, making the content more accessible and digestible. The use of subtitles allows readers to skim through the paper, locate relevant information, and focus on specific sections that align with their research interests or needs. This not only improves the reader’s experience but also increases the chances of your paper being read and cited by others.

Furthermore, subtitles in academic writing help to improve the overall accessibility and inclusivity of your paper. Different readers may have varying levels of background knowledge or may be approaching your paper from different disciplinary perspectives. Subtitles allow readers to quickly assess the content of each section, enabling them to decide which sections are most relevant to their interests or expertise. This ensures that your paper can be accessed and understood by a wider range of readers, fostering interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration.

The use of subtitles in academic writing also promotes effective communication of complex ideas. Academic papers often address intricate concepts or present detailed findings. By breaking down these ideas into smaller sections with descriptive subtitles, you can guide readers through the content and help them grasp the main arguments or findings. Subtitles serve as signposts, highlighting the key points and ensuring that readers can follow the logical flow of your paper, even when dealing with intricate subject matter.

In summary, the importance of subtitles in academic writing cannot be overstated. They contribute to the overall structure, readability, accessibility, and clarity of your papers. By incorporating subtitles strategically, you improve the organization of your ideas, enhance the reader’s experience, and increase the impact and reach of your academic work.

Guidelines for Using Subtitles in a Paper

Using subtitles effectively is essential for creating a well-structured and accessible academic paper. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your subtitles enhance the overall organization and readability of your work.

1. Be clear and concise: Subtitles should accurately reflect the content of the section while being concise and informative. Avoid using vague or overly broad titles that may confuse the reader. Instead, choose subtitles that provide a clear and concise summary of what will be discussed in that particular section.

2. Maintain a logical hierarchy: Subtitles should follow a logical hierarchy, with main sections identified by larger headings and subsections labeled with subheadings. This hierarchical structure helps readers grasp the overall organization of your paper and understand the relationships between different sections.

3. Ensure parallelism: When using subtitles for multiple sections within the same level, make sure they have a consistent structure. This means using parallel grammatical form, such as using all nouns, verbs, or phrases, to maintain consistency and clarity.

4. Avoid redundancy: Subtitles should provide new and distinct information from the main heading. Avoid duplicating words or phrases that are already mentioned in the main title. Instead, use the subtitle to add additional details or to focus on a specific aspect of the main topic.

5. Consider your audience: Take into account the background and expertise of your intended audience when crafting subtitles. Use terminology and language that is appropriate for your target readership, ensuring that the subtitles are accessible and understandable to them.

6. Use formatting consistently: Formatting is an important aspect of subtitles. Consistently follow the formatting guidelines provided by your institution or publisher. This may include using bold text, italicization, or quotation marks to distinguish subtitles from the main text.

7. Review for coherence: Once you have incorporated subtitles into your paper, review the overall flow and coherence of the sections. Ensure that the subtitles create a logical progression and help guide the reader through your arguments or findings. Adjust and revise as necessary to create a seamless and well-organized document.

By adhering to these guidelines, you can effectively incorporate subtitles into your academic writing, creating a clear and organized paper that is accessible to your readers.

Formatting Subtitles in a Paper

Formatting subtitles in a paper is essential for visually distinguishing them from the main text and creating a clear hierarchy of information. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your subtitles are formatted consistently and effectively.

1. Use appropriate font size and style: Subtitles should be formatted using a slightly larger font size than the main text to make them stand out. However, they should not be excessively larger, as this may disrupt the flow and visual coherence of the paper. Choose a font style that is clear and easy to read, such as Arial, Times New Roman, or Calibri.

2. Utilize bold or italics: To further emphasize subtitles, you can use bold or italics formatting. Decide on a consistent approach for your subtitles and apply the same formatting throughout the paper. For example, you may choose to use bold for main section subtitles and italics for subsections. This helps visually differentiate the different levels of subtitles.

3. Consider using numbering or lettering: In certain cases, such as when presenting a step-by-step process or outlining multiple points, using numbering or lettering can provide clarity and organization. This helps readers understand the sequence or hierarchy of the information being presented. Ensure that the formatting for the numbering or lettering is clear and easily distinguishable from the main text.

4. Use consistent punctuation: Decide on a consistent style for punctuation in subtitles and apply it throughout the paper. For example, you may choose to use sentence case (capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns) or title case (capitalizing the first letter of each word). Consistency in punctuation helps maintain the visual coherence and professionalism of your paper.

5. Maintain a clear hierarchy: Formatting should reflect the hierarchical structure of your paper. Use larger headings for major sections and smaller subheadings for subsections. Consider using a different font size or formatting style for each level of subtitles to visually indicate the hierarchy. This makes it easier for readers to navigate your paper and locate specific sections.

6. Follow specific style guidelines: Depending on the academic discipline or publication guidelines, there may be specific rules for formatting subtitles. Familiarize yourself with the recommended style guide, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago style, and adhere to their formatting guidelines for subtitles. This ensures consistency and compliance with academic standards.

7. Proofread for consistency: After formatting your subtitles, take the time to proofread your paper for consistency. Check that the font sizes, styles, and punctuation are applied uniformly throughout the document. Consistent formatting enhances the professional appearance of your paper and facilitates readability for your audience.

By following these formatting guidelines, you can effectively structure and present subtitles in your paper, enhancing readability and aiding in the navigation of your content.

Examples of Subtitles in Different Disciplines

Subtitles in academic writing can vary depending on the specific discipline or field of study. Different disciplines may have their own conventions and expectations for how subtitles are used. Here are some examples of how subtitles are commonly employed in various disciplines:

1. Social Sciences: In social sciences, subtitles are often used to indicate different research questions or hypotheses being addressed within a study. For example:

“The Effects of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health: A Quantitative Analysis”
“Factors Influencing Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections: A Comparative Study”

2. Natural Sciences: In natural sciences, subtitles are commonly used to outline different stages of an experimental procedure or to present key findings and interpretations. For example:

“Experimental Setup and Materials”
“Results and Discussion: Analysis of Growth Patterns”

3. Humanities: In humanities disciplines, subtitles are often employed to present different themes or topics within an overall argument or analysis. For example:

“Exploring Symbolism in the Novels of Virginia Woolf”
“The Evolution of Renaissance Art: A Comparative Study of Italian and Flemish Painting”

4. Engineering and Technology: In engineering and technology disciplines, subtitles are frequently used to indicate different stages or components of a design or experimental process. For example:

“Design and Fabrication of a Microfluidic Chip for Drug Delivery”
“Testing and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties: Tensile Strength and Hardness”

5. Business and Management: In business and management fields, subtitles may be used to outline different aspects of a case study, business plan, or strategic analysis. For example:

“Case Study: Success Factors in International Market Entry”
“Strategic Analysis: SWOT Analysis and Competitive Landscape”

These examples provide a glimpse into how subtitles are commonly employed in different disciplines. However, it is important to consult the specific style guidelines or preferences of your field when formatting and structuring subtitles in your own academic writing.

Final Thoughts on Using Subtitles in a Paper

Using subtitles in a paper can greatly enhance its organization, readability, and overall impact. By considering the purpose and following the guidelines for using subtitles effectively, you can create a well-structured and engaging academic document.

Subtitles serve as signposts, guiding readers through the content and aiding in the navigation of the paper. They break down complex ideas into smaller, more manageable sections, making it easier for readers to follow the flow of your arguments or findings.

When incorporating subtitles, it is important to be clear, concise, and consistent. Use descriptive subtitles that accurately reflect the content of each section. Maintain a logical hierarchy and formatting style for your subtitles, ensuring they are visually distinguishable from the main text.

Remember to consider your audience when crafting subtitles, using terminology and language that is appropriate for your readership. Avoid redundancy and ensure that the subtitles add new and distinct information to the overarching title.

Keep in mind that different disciplines may have specific conventions for using subtitles. Familiarize yourself with the guidelines and style requirements of your field to ensure consistency and compliance.

Overall, subtitles play a vital role in improving the organization, readability, and accessibility of academic papers. They facilitate effective communication, aid in skimming and scanning, and enhance the overall reading experience for your audience.

Incorporating subtitles demonstrates your mastery of structuring information and catering to the needs of your readers. By utilizing them strategically, you can effectively convey your ideas, promote understanding, and engage with your audience more effectively.

Remember to proofread your paper for consistency and coherence, ensuring that the subtitles contribute to the overall flow and logical progression of your arguments or findings.

By utilizing and formatting subtitles thoughtfully, you can create a well-organized and impactful paper that captivates readers and effectively communicates your research or ideas.

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Title Vs. Subtitle: What's the Difference?

The title and subtitle of a piece of writing play a crucial role in determining its success. Yet, people often struggle to determine the difference between titles and subtitles. Titles and subtitles both serve to convey the message of a piece of writing, but they each have their own purpose.

In this blog post, we will explore the differences between titles and subtitles. We will also provide tips and tricks for writing effective titles and subtitles, so you can make the most of these elements in your writing. By the end, you will have a solid understanding of the differences between titles and subtitles and how to use them to your advantage. So, let's get started on our journey to mastering the art of titles and subtitles!

Definition of Titles and Subtitles

A title is the main heading or name given to a piece of writing, typically placed at the top of the page or at the beginning of the text. On the book cover above, the title is " Foresight is 20/20 ." A subtitle , on the other hand, is a secondary heading that provides additional information about the content of the text. The subtitle for the book above is " Unlock Your Past to Create a Better Future ."

Subtitles are usually placed below the main title and help to break up the content into smaller, more manageable sections.

Understanding the differences between titles and subtitles–and knowing how to use them effectively–will help you to take your writing to the next level. Whether you are a seasoned writer or just starting out, this blog post will provide valuable insights and information to help you improve your writing and take your skills to the next level.

The Role of Titles in Writing

The title is the first thing that a reader sees when they pick up a piece of writing. It plays a crucial role in determining whether or not the reader will continue to read the text. The main function of a title is to grab the reader's attention and give them a brief overview of what they’re about to read.

A good title is short, attention-grabbing, and relevant to the content of the text. The title provides the reader with their first impression, so it’s important to make it count.

A good title also establishes the tone of the content, whether it be serious, humorous, or informative. Here are some examples of strong titles that serve their purpose well:

1. " On the Origin of Species " by Charles Darwin

This title falls under the “serious” category. While “On the Origin of Species” gives us some context about what Darwin’s book is about, it’s a little vague. Still, this sweeping title provides the tone for Darwin’s dive into evolutionary biology.

2. " You Can’t Touch My Hair ” by Phoebe Robinson

This title reflects the tone of this New York Times best seller as funny, real, and a little confrontational. It’s a great title for a book written by a stand-up comedian who writes about her experiences with race, gender, and the cultural climate.

3. " The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People " by Stephen Covey

This title doesn’t set much of a tone for the book, but it certainly tells us exactly what we should expect to learn. We know we’re going to learn about highly effective people’s habits, specifically the ones ranking in the Top Seven.

They say not to judge a book by its cover, but it’s hard not to judge a book by its title. A title is the first and most important element of a piece of writing, and its ability to impact readers will determine the writing’s success.

The Role of Subtitles in Writing

A subtitle provides additional information about the content of a piece of writing. Subtitles are usually placed below the main title and serve to break up the content into smaller, more manageable sections. Subtitles provide additional detail and support the main title, making it easier for the reader to understand and engage with the content.

The main function of a subtitle is to provide more specific information about the content than the title does. They help the reader understand the structure and purpose of the writing.

Effective subtitles should be specific, clear, and concise, and they should always relate back to the main title. If we look back at our three previous title examples, we can see how their subtitles make them even easier for readers to understand:

1. “On the Origin of Species: by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life” by Charles Darwin

What a mouthful! Although Darwin’s title is short and serious, his book’s subtitle provides much more information about the content of his writing. Readers who want to know about the scientific theories surrounding natural selection can rejoice, while the ones who were hoping for a sci-fi origin story can safely set the book down.

2. “You Can’t Touch My Hair: And Other Things I Still Have to Explain” by Phoebe Robinson

This subtitle gives us an even stronger sense of tone. The words “still” and “have to” hint at Phoebe’s exasperation with people who want to touch her hair–and do other things! The subtitle still uses plain, confrontational language, but it also reveals more about what the book might have to say.

3. "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change" by Stephen Covey

This subtitle lets us know we’re not only going to discover these seven habits; we’re also going to learn lessons about them. These lessons will (hopefully) provide us with the tools we need to make a personal change. While Covey’s original title was pretty specific, the subtitle works perfectly to give even more information to curious perusers in bookstores everywhere.

Subtitles provide crucial information and structure to the content of a piece of writing. By understanding the definition of subtitles and their purpose, you can use them effectively to help your writing flow and make it easier for the reader to engage with the content.

Differences Between Titles and Subtitles

Titles and subtitles are both important elements of writing, but they serve different purposes and have different characteristics. While both are used to provide structure and organization to the content, there are some key differences between titles and subtitles that are worth exploring.

The first difference between titles and subtitles is their size. On covers and title pages, titles are typically much larger and more prominent than subtitles, and they are usually placed at the top of the page or at the beginning of the text. Subtitles, on the other hand, are usually smaller and less prominent, and they are placed below the main title.

Another difference between titles and subtitles is their purpose. Titles are designed to grab the reader's attention and give them a brief overview of the content, while subtitles are designed to provide additional information and support for the main title. Titles also set the tone of the content, while subtitles provide specific details to help the reader better understand the content’s structure.

How to use titles and subtitles effectively is a skill every writer must learn. By knowing the specific purposes and characteristics of each, you can use them effectively in your writing to provide structure, organization, and detail to your content. Don't let title confusion hold you back! Knowing the difference between titles and subtitles will help you give your readers the sneak peek they need to tip the scales in your direction when they see your writing.

Using Titles and Subtitles Effectively

One of the keys to successful writing is the effective use of titles and subtitles. When used correctly, titles and subtitles can help to organize your content, make it easier to read and understand, and increase engagement with your audience. Here are some tips for using titles and subtitles effectively:

Keep titles short and to the point. Titles should be concise and easy to read with a maximum of ten words. They should grab the reader's attention and give them an idea of what the content is about.

Make subtitles specific and relevant. Subtitles should be specific and directly related to the main title. They should provide additional information about the content and help the reader understand the structure of the writing.

Use different levels of titles and subtitles . When organizing your content, use different levels of titles and subtitles to distinguish between different sections and topics. This makes it easier for the reader to follow the content and understand the overall structure of the writing.

Consistency is key. When using titles and subtitles, be consistent in your use of capitalization, font size, and style. This makes your writing look professional and organized.

By following these tips and using titles and subtitles effectively, you can make your writing more organized, easier to read, and more engaging. Whether you are writing a novel, an article, or any other type of writing, the effective use of titles and subtitles is an essential skill to master.

Take some time to reflect on your own writing and see if there is room for improvement. Maybe your longer titles would work better split into a title-subtitle combo. Maybe your subtitle is better off as a title by itself! By reviewing your own choices, you'll be able to make changes to give your writing more clarity, structure, and impact, and engage your audience more effectively. Remember, the right use of titles and subtitles can make a big difference in your writing, so make sure to use them wisely!

Mastering Essay Title and Subtitle Formatting 📚

Mastering essay title and subtitle formatting.

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How do I style headings and subheadings in a research paper?

Headings and subheadings can help organize and structure your writing. In general, longer and more complex works warrant more of them than shorter ones. Avoid overusing headings in short projects; they should never be used to compensate for poor structure or to explain an underdeveloped idea.

When headings are called for in your writing project, observe the basic guidelines below.

The paper or chapter title is the first level of heading, and it must be the most prominent.

Headings should be styled in descending order of prominence. After the first level, the other headings are subheadings—that is, they are subordinate. Font styling and size are used to signal prominence. In general, a boldface, larger font indicates prominence; a smaller font, italics, and lack of bold can be used to signal subordination. For readability, don’t go overboard: avoid using all capital letters for headings (in some cases, small capitals may be acceptable):

Heading Level 1

Heading Level 2

Heading Level 3

Note that word-processing software often has built-in heading styles.

Consistency

Consistency in the styling of headings and subheadings is key to signaling to readers the structure of a research project. That is, each level 1 heading should appear in the same style and size, as should each level 2 heading, and so on. Generally avoid numbers and letters to designate heads unless you are working in a discipline where doing so is conventional. Note that a heading labeled “1” requires a subsequent heading labeled “2,” and a heading labeled “a” requires a subsequent heading labeled “b.”

In a project that is not professionally designed and published, headings should be flush with the left margin, to avoid confusion with block quotations. (The exception is the paper or chapter title, which is centered in MLA style.)

For readability, it is helpful to include a line space above and below a heading, as shown in this post.

No internal heading level should have only one instance. For example, if you have one level 1 heading, you need to have a second level 1 heading. (The exceptions are the paper or chapter title and the headings for notes and the list of works cited.) You should also generally have text under each heading.

Capitalization

Capitalize headings like the titles of works, as explained in section 1.5 of the MLA Handbook .

The shorter, the better.

How to setup your software
Sample MLA Paper – normal paper
Sample MLA Paper – has cover page
Sample APA Paper
Sample Chicago Paper
Sample CSE Paper
APA Format Guidelines

MLA Format Sub-headings

If you would like to utilize subheadings (subtitles) in your research paper, it is a good idea to first check with your instructor to be 100% sure what subheading format he/she would like you to use.

Depending on how long your paper is, you will need either one level subheadings or several levels subheadings

One Level Subheadings:

Format : centered, capitalize the first letter but not the whole subtitle.

MLA Format One Level Subheading

*Visit this full sample paper for ideas!

Multi-Level Subheadings:

If your paper has subtitles under subtitles, see the format below. Be sure to check with your instructor first if he/she agrees with this format before you decide to use it.

Level	Format
1	Boldface, flush left
2	Italicized, flush left
3	Boldface, centered
4	Italicized, centered
5	Underlined, flush left
	– Do not capitalize the whole subheadings. Capitalize the first important letters (Example: Limitations of the Study)- A subheading should always have at least two lines of text following it. If a subheading happens to fall at the bottom of a page, move to the next page and start the subheading at the top of the new page.

– MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th Edition – Writing the Research Paper, 7th Edition.

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Can an Essay Have Subheadings, subtitles or subtopics?

Subheadings in an essay

Subheadings happen to be among the essential sections of an essay. The subheading helps to capture the reader’s attention. Furthermore, the subheading makes the essay to stay more attractive and interesting.

The subheading restores the reader’s focus on the critical components of the essay as it makes the essay appear more structured. The subheading will be giving a clue of what to expect in the content.

An essay can have subheadings or subtopics if it is long enough to accommodate many parts with subtopics in each part.

However, the subtopics and subtitles must be consistent with the overall topic by contributing to prove the thesis of the essay. If necessary, the best practice is to limit essay subheadings to 10 words.

While they are not recommended for standard essays, subheadings can help improve the structure of a long essay. They frame the topic of your content.

Different subheadings exist, which you will include in your essay as a way of indicating their relative importance. Ensure that such subheadings are easy to see at the initial look. Furthermore, they offer minor details, which are great at supporting the key idea in the essay.

No, but you can only use them when instructed by the teacher. If you are not using them, ensure that your content makes sense and lacks grammatical mistakes. Also, ensure that your paragraphs are short and precise to the point to catch the attention of the reader.

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Tips on how to incorporate subheadings in an essay.

The subheading is a text under the heading that expands on what is on the heading. The same subheading should have the power to hook the audience into reading your piece. They assist the author in saying something which one cannot say in a single headline.

Authors use the subheadings to make divisions of various chapters.

Notably, the subheading should not be in capital letters.

However, you should capitalize the first letter of the subheading.

The subheading should perform a subordinate to the higher levels. You can make an irresistible subheading by performing the following actions.

1. Select the Correct Length

The correct subheading should take the reader a few seconds to read through. The correct standard should have between 4 to 10 words. The proper practice should ensure that you do not go beyond the length of the headline.

2. Correct Amount of Information

You should stick to the most critical information that the reader requires to know. You should avoid explaining everything. You should just provide enough details and leave the curiosity to cause them to continue exploring your essay.

3. Be Persuasive Enough

One should include the correct amount of persuasion. The best practice is to use the subheadings for the intended purpose. In other words, it should coerce the reader to convert.

4. Place the Heading well

The free-standing subheading should end the page; there should be an allowance for the heading space preceding it.

Alternatively, you should move the subheading to the top of the preceding page. That is the incidence where we allow a gap in the text if it is not the end of the chapter.

5. Number your Heading if Needed

One can opt to number the subheading using a standard numbering system. You can use Arabic numerals and keep the sequence and the flow of your article logical.

First, it is correct to begin with the most vital points and make the less relevant ones at the bottom.

6. Be Consistent with the Paragraphs

Ensure that every subheading level appears in the same form. For example, let the subheadings be in the same order without skipping one. In this case, the first subheading will follow the same order if preceding to toe and three and not vice versa.

The author should determine the number of subheadings to place in an article. Establish that they all follow the pattern of the sub-heading.

More on this, read our guide to writing good essays so that you can learn more about the same and become a better essay writer.

Check out the guide on whether an essay can have bullet points to look at another angle of writing essays.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do you use headings and subheadings in an essay.

The headline is an integral part of an essay because it is the first thing the reader sees before reading the piece. The headline should grab the reader’s attention to encourage them to continue reading the content.

Besides, we amplify the information in the title by backing them with the subheadings. These subheadings will make the title more relevant by giving minute details about the topic. It is a standard way of organizing your content for the reader to understand your points clearly.

What words should not be used in an essay?

You should avoid using abbreviations such as won’t, don’t, or can’t. Furthermore, the use of idiom is a no-go -zone. Last but not least, avoid rhetorical questions.

Josh Jasen or JJ as we fondly call him, is a senior academic editor at Grade Bees in charge of the writing department. When not managing complex essays and academic writing tasks, Josh is busy advising students on how to pass assignments. In his spare time, he loves playing football or walking with his dog around the park.

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Can I Use the Subtitles in a Research Paper?

Quick Navigation

First of all, it is necessary to provide a detailed explanation of both notions mentioned above. How can we define a research paper? In general, the notion of research paper refers to the form of academic writing that reminds an expanded essay.

Such academic writing may imply the writer’s own arguments as well as the ideas mentioned by different researchers in their scientific publications. Another notion that should be discussed is a subtitle that can also be regarded as a subheading. In simple terms, writing the subtitles implies the use of different section headings within the chapters included in a research paper.

Can You Use the Subtitles in a Research Paper?

Yes, you can use subtitles in your academic writing assignment, but they should be used wisely and correctly. While working on the organization of a research paper, remember that you can use the major sections and different subheadings to set up a good plan for this particular college assignment.

It is a well-known fact that students were not allowed to use headings in formal writing a few years ago. Many American students were assigned with writing a significant number of academic papers, researches, nursing papers , essays, etc. The interesting thing that should be mentioned is that they were not allowed to use the major headings and subheadings in their formal writings.

However, taking into consideration the current American system of education, it can be concluded that such strong restrictions do not exist anymore. At present, all the college undergraduates have a great opportunity to structure their writing assignments without the obligation to follow the guidelines. Actually, students are required to take into account some basic rules relative to the structure a research paper as well as to its organization.

Do the APA and MLA Research Papers Have Subtitles?

Yes, they do. Generally speaking, you can create certain subtitles while working on the research paper written either in MLA format or in APA style. The important thing to be mentioned is that each of the two paper formats has certain guidelines that should be followed. If you are interested in this issue, continue reading the article and making the notes. Below, you can find the main guidelines of both paper formats that are discussed separately.

Section Headings in MLA Format

The first and foremost thing that should be mentioned is the fact that MLA style does not require the specific section titles within different parts of a research paper. In the case, if you have decided to use the major headings and subheadings in your paper, do your best to divide the entire writing assignment into several logical sections. In these circumstances, make an attempt to examine different aspects of your research topic. Then, taking into account the topic of your research and the main purpose of this particular writing, you may use some brainstorming techniques to generate the interesting ideas and develop them in your research paper.

For the illustrative purposes, we can take the common topic for the majority of college undergraduates – “Gun Violence in the United States”. Since this topic is too broad, it is highly recommended to divide your research paper into different parts and create the effective headings within the paper’s sections.

Section 1 – A Brief History of Guns in the United States;
Section 2 – Current Politics of Gun Control;
Section 3 – Gun Ownership in the United States;
Section 4 – Policing Gun Violence;
Section 5 – More Guns – More Violence or Less Crime;
Section 6 – The Importance of Gun Violence Prevention and Intervention.

Section Headings in APA Format

First of all, you have to read the given instructions carefully. If you are required to use APA format to write a research paper, you have to remember that this particular writing style implies the use of five different heading levels. Apart from that, it is highly recommended to use various subheadings only on the condition that your research paper has two and more subsections within a larger section.

First-level headings should be centered and bolded; all the first letters should be capitalized;
Second-level – are situated flush left; first letters of all the words have to be capitalized as well;
Third-level – bolded, indented five spaces from the left, and followed by a period;
Fourth-level – italicized or bolded, indented five spaces from the left, and followed by a period respectively;
Fifth-level – italicized, indented five spaces from the left, and followed by a period.

Tips on Using Major Headings and Subheadings in the Paper

Make sure that the wording of different questions discussed in your research paper is relevant and consistent.
Every heading should be linked to a subject of a preceding passage.
Check whether your headings do not have any punctuation mistakes.

Is it Important to Use Subheadings in a Research Paper?

Yes, it is critical to use the subtitles in a research paper because of many important reasons.

Some subheadings may encourage the readers’ interest in the given writing;
These particular elements of paper’s structure make the writing more readable.

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Should you Include Headings and Subheadings in an Essay?

If you have ever tried reading a large blob of text, then you know how hard it can be. However, it becomes easier to read when broken into headings and subheadings.

Academic writings like essays have a standard of writing that must be upheld. While not every essay requires headings and subheadings, they are important for organizing your writing.

Headings describe the succeeding section, while subheading gives supporting information for the heading.

With that said, here is everything you need to know about headings

What are Headings in Essays and Academic Papers?

According to Merriam-Webster, a heading forms or serves as a head.

In academic writing, headings represent what is to come in the assignment. Adding a heading will help structure a piece of writing and guide the reader throughout the content. Short pieces of writing don't always require headings. In long-form writing, each specific section should have its heading to communicate what the reader should expect clearly. Think of it as the title of that section.

Since some points are more important than others, the heading chosen should be based on whether the idea you are talking about is the main point. Each heading chosen should tell the reader what the following idea is about. This is because the main points are the building blocks of the content. Make sure it is short, descriptive, and precise.

You can include headings and subheadings/subtopics in an essay if it is long, but ensure that the subtopics or subheadings are relevant to the content and consistent throughout the text in a manner to contribute to your thesis statement. As a good practice, ensure that the essay headings and subheadings do not exceed 12 words.

Subheadings are not recommended for short essays . However, they improve the overall structure of a long essay, help you frame and explore your topic, and enable the readers to know what to expect (they act as signposts in an essay or research paper).

Heading vs. Title

Headings and titles may look similar at a first glance, but they are not. A title represents the entire paper and explains it in clear and short phrases. It is the first thing the reader will see and determine whether they read the rest of the document. For this reason, you need to think of striking, informative, and appropriate titles. You should also write the title based on why you are writing that document. For instance, if the aim of the documents is tutorial, then the title should be task-based.

On the other hand, a heading represents what each section of the paper discusses. They help guide the reader throughout the documents, which is why you should write effective headings, and they should be as descriptive as possible.

Headings are a requirement in most forms of writing, but some lecturers may be divided about using them in academic essays, which is why you should confirm with them first.

Headings Vs. Subheadings

Headings are key parts of writing as they will capture the reader's attention and lure them into the document's purpose. They guide the reader to the main points of the paper. You have to set the headings apart from the body of the text by coming up with an enticing phrase.

Subheadings, on the other hand, do more than grab the reader's attention; they show the different subsections of the text. They keep the reader engaged by quickly guiding them to the information they want.

Headings and subheadings appear at the beginning of a section and organize the flow of the documents. In addition, they are both used to break down large blocks of text to make them more scannable. They also have a hierarchy that is Heading (H2) first, followed by subheadings (H3) and (H4) in that order. Subheadings should always come after the heading, as demonstrated.

The Best Length for Headings in Academic Writing

A heading can be as long as you want it to give the reader a snippet of the idea. A good rule of thumb should be no more than 70 characters.

For higher level headings, like H1, H2, and H3s, they could be as low as one word, for instance, the introduction, methodology, and such. For such sections, the one word is clear enough for the reader to know what it represents. Low levels like H5 and below can be much longer and direct the reader to exactly what they are looking for.

Levels of Heading in Academic Writing

Headings are an important part of academic writing as they act as a preview of the document. They guide the reader on what you are talking about, which is why you should assign different heading levels.

There are five levels of headings in APA style. Level 1, Level 2, level 3, level 4, levels 5. Level 1 is the main heading, followed by level 2, its subheading, and level 3 is the subsection of level 2 in that order.

Level 1 headings are your main headings and are usually typed in the center of the paper in title case and bolded. Their text beneath will always start in the next line, indented inward, just as you begin a new paragraph. These help the reader find their way through the document, read what they want and skip what they are not interested in.

The length and complexity of the paper will determine how many levels you will use. If it's just a short piece of writing, you can use Level 1. If you need two headings, use level 1 and level 2. If it's a 2000-word article, research paper, term paper, or essay, you will need between 3 and 5 headings.

Keep in mind that not every paragraph needs a heading. While headings can keep your work neat, too many can defeat the purpose. Also, make sure that each of the headings and subheadings has a connection to the main title.

All these levels are differentiated by different styles and formats depending on the publication manual provided, which can be either APA or MLA format.

Reasons to Use Headings in Academic Writing

Headings are helpful in academic writing for a myriad of reasons, including:

Making Your Content More Readable

Much information goes into academic writing to pass information to the reader. Putting all your information in a large block of text will be overwhelming and can scare away the readers. The white gaps at each heading section will offer a resting place hence a visual break. Therefore, separating the large chunks of text into manageable portions will keep your readers engaged.

Outlining Your Content

Headings serve as the structure of your writing. By dividing the large bulk of text with headings, you guide the reader through each section and what it is about. Otherwise, they won't know what it is about.

Capturing the Reader's Attention

The main aim of any heading is to hook the reader and create curiosity enough for them to continue reading through the rest of the article. Having a catchy and informative heading will entice them to read even further.

Remember that readers rarely read documents from start to finish. Major headings should stand out but so should headings and subheadings if you want the readers to continue reading your paper.

Finding Important Information

Readers will likely scan the essay to get a general idea of what it is about and decide if they want to read it. Well-structured headings will help them achieve that.

Improving Overall Quality

Headings and subheadings improve the quality of the essay. A high-quality essay is suitable for readers and also for search engine optimization (SEO) if you intend to publish it online. Ensure to use keywords in the headings and structure them to improve visibility.

Tips to Include Better Headings and Subheadings

Writing informative and precise headings and subheadings is vital if you want your writing to get the message home. You need to borrow the following tips to show that they should spend time reading your writing.

Use the Right Length

The length of your article or essay will determine how long your headings and subheadings should be. Put yourself in the reader's shoes and think of the heading you would like to read. Lengthy headings aren't attractive. Most readers want something short and precise, which is what you should do. It should only take them a few seconds to read, so be sure the length should be not more than 30 words.

Make It Relevant to the Content and Topic

Headings and subheadings are essential to catch the reader's attention but are not important enough to stand independently. They represent the critical concepts and all the supporting ideas. Therefore, you need to consider the topic's relevance when determining what phrases to use in your subheading. Carefully think about each key piece of information you'd like to include in each of your sections. Then ensure that each subheading is connected to the main title or the heading.

Be Clear and Concise

Headings and subheadings tell the reader what the content is about. They are usually about five words long. Therefore, you should go directly to the point using clear language that is easy to understand. Most readers skim through the text before reading which is why you should use simple and straightforward words. Always remember that readers have questions and are looking for answers and shouldn't have to ponder what you are talking about. If your heading is clear and to the point, they won't leave to look for answers elsewhere.

Place It in the Right Place

Consider where your target audience is likely to look and where they are likely to appear. While doing this, also consider the kind of phrases they are likely to type for the specific information they want. This gives you a general idea of where to place headings and subheadings. Remember that the APA and MLA format requires that all headings be placed hierarchically. So as you choose your phrases, ensure that they align with the content's topic and flow.

Consider the Formatting Style

Heading styles format your headings to make them stand out from the rest of the text. They also give your essay structure and make it more accessible to the target audience. In addition to this, headings also help in:

Generating a table of contents
Use style sets to reformat the document
Rearranging the documents
Creating a structured pdf file using the heading tag

Remember that each heading is formatted with a different heading style located in the style section. Since you've already used H1 for the major heading, the first subheading will be H2, and the second subheading will be H3.

Related Reading: How to indent an essay well.

Number the Heading or Subheading if Needed

Putting numbers on your heading makes it easy to scan. Top-level headings like H1 are numbered 1,2,3,4 while second-level headings, like H2, are numbered 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

Remember that even though you are numbering the headings, you need to introduce your topic in the first paragraph after the headings. Headings don't speak for themselves, so writing a few sentences restating the main idea will tell the reader what will come.

Be Consistent Throughout the Paper

If you intend to use headings in your paper, ensure each section has a heading and subheading. Also, ensure they are consistent in font, size, color, indentation, etc. The style function in Microsoft Word will help create consistency in your headings. You must select the text you want to convert into a heading, then select the appropriate heading from the Style box.

Avoid Repetition

Avoid repeating any phrases in your headings. Using the same heading more than once can affect the reader's comprehension of your message, negatively impacting their reaction to your essay. Sometimes you may repeat the headings without even noticing. For this reason, you should use the Find Function in MS Word or Google Docs.

Another way you can check for repetition is by reading your essay out loud, and this will help you spot any headings or subheadings that have been repeated.

Capitalize, Format, and Punctuate Well

Effective headings are well capitalized, formatted, and punctuated. The APA style uses two styles for this, title case and sentence case. In the title case, major words are capitalized, while minor ones are lowercase. Sentence cases, on the other hand, only capitalize the proper nouns while the rest remain in lowercase.

Use Automatic Heading in Word Processor

Microsoft Word has a built-in feature that anticipates how you want to format your document. As you begin typing, your text starts in the typical style, but when you press enter and move to a new line, the style changes to H1 with different fonts, colors, etc.

If you are typing a paragraph with a small number of words and press enter and then fail to provide proper punctuation, the feature will assume you are moving to a new paragraph, and it will then automatically enter a new heading with a heading style.

Use Descriptive Headings

Use concrete and descriptive language to make your headings more effective so the reader can know what to expect in each section. Don't use function headings when writing your technical reports; these are not so predictable, and readers benefit from the headings being much more descriptive.

Function headings are only used when writing pieces that need consistent structures, for instance, lab reports. An example is:

Introduction
Methodology
Conclusions

Include Technical Terms Needed

Technical terms should not be used in headings because they may be hard to understand except those who know the languages. Technical terms are primarily used in academic documents that professionals read but if not specified, avoid them.

Related Read: How to write an article title in academic papers.

Final Words

Headings and subheadings are vital features in academic writing that represent the main points of a topic. The difference in formatting helps reader's the main points from the rest of the texts. Ensure you follow all the tips about including headings and subheadings in your text. Talk to your lecturer, professor, teacher, or instructor if you are unsure whether to add them to your essay.

What are Headings in an Essay?

Headings are markers that guide the reader through an essay by showing them what the next section is about. Like a title, they are only a few words long and are essential in structuring your content so as not to overwhelm the reader.

Should I Put Headings in an Essay?

Yes. It will help if you put headings in your essays to make them more readable. Essays consist of three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. Most of them are written in a continuous, paragraphed text without the need for section headings, especially if it's a short essay. On the other hand, long-form essays need headings and subheadings to make them easy to write and read. Since most lecturers are divided about using them in academic essays, you should confirm with your tutor before you start writing.

How Do I Include Subheadings in an Essay?

Subheadings are mini headlines that come after the headings, and they help explain more about the headings and aid readers in skimming through the content. If you have used the first heading, H1, and need to provide more information about it, add a subheading, H2.

If you have trouble deciding how to use subheadings correctly, think of them as an outline. Therefore, break down your topic into simple ideas, then use them to organize your essay.

How Do You Make a Heading in an Essay or Academic Paper?

You must think carefully about the aim of writing a paper and the main idea. Each heading should be clear and to the point. You don't want to mince words and possibly confuse the reader. Also, remember that headings are meant to enhance, not replace, the main topic. Ensure you set it apart from the body of the text by using H1 formatting in either Microsoft Word or Google Docs.

Borrow some of the following best practices to write an effective heading:

Create a controversy
Ensure it short
Pose a question
Suggest a number
Provide an explanation

How Do You Use Headings and Subheadings?

Headings (section headings) are the title of your essay. They appear at the beginning of the page and guide the reader through your content. It is the first one your readers see before reading your essay or text. It doesn't matter whether the reader reads every word in your essay; they can still get the basic idea of your paper. Using different heading levels will help the reader navigate through the document. The headings and subheadings should be captivating enough to make an excellent first impression.

When writing a subheading, keep in mind that the H2s are the headers of each header for the main section of the essay. H3s are the subsections of the main points in H2s. H4s, on the other hand, are detailed subheadings breaking down the text into more specific options. The subheadings amplify the title or heading of the essay, and they also complement the headings. They make your writing flow and should be relevant to the topic. With such an organization, you have achieved a first-class essay level. A good subheading captures the essence of the title and consistently informs the reader that they are still on an idea related to the topic. It is also short, descriptive, clear, and concise.

Should Essays Have Section Headings?

Yes. Just like books are divided into chapters, essays and articles should be divided into sections. Essays should have section headings because they help make your work more organized and easy to read. And within those sections, the text can be divided into subsections.

Are There Specific Words to Use in Headings and Subheadings in Essays?

You will probably be tempted to use more words to make your heading more concise, but this isn't a good idea. Make sure you carefully choose words that clearly describe your chosen topic. If possible, use numbers in your headings because they are like brain candy, making your work more interesting. Also, ensure you use odd numbers because they are more attractive to readers than even numbers, according to the Content Marketing institute . Avoid abbreviations, idioms, or colloquial expressions when writing headings and subheadings.

How Many Headings to Use in an Essay or Academic Assignment?

To be safe, only use a maximum of three headings. However, this will depend on the length of your academic assignments. Remember that headings are short phrases that introduce the topic you are writing about and make it easy for the readers to read through. So if you are writing a short essay of fewer than 1000 words, there is no need for headings. But for articles above 1000 words then, you must use them. Headings will help identify the different sections in an essay.

What Are Heading Levels?

Headings organize your essay in a hierarchical order. Since some points are more critical, assigning different levels will help distinguish them.

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Should you include subheadings in essays?

I am a bit confused on this front. I thought that when writing it was best practive to include subheadings to make your argumentation clear to the reader. Somthing like Introduction, Critique of X, Implications of Y, etc., Conclusion. Talking to other people on my course they have told me that I should absolutely not do this and this is bad practice in essay writing, and not appropriate.

So do you guys think I should? I have a philosophy/politics essay to submit and unsure whether to delete or include them in my final submission.

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Forging good titles in academic writing

Published on March 20, 2015 by Shane Bryson . Revised on July 23, 2023.

The title is the first thing your reader will see, and most readers will make their first judgements of your work based on it. For this reason, it’s important to think about your titles carefully.

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Informative, striking, appropriate, title templates, writing effective headings, other interesting articles, informative title.

Your title should, above all else, convey the topic of your paper. In other words, no matter how witty, clever, original, or otherwise appealing your title may be, it fails if it is not informative.

Decide whether you’ve given a sense of the paper’s topic and claims by comparing your title’s content to the most important aspect(s) of your dissertation statement or hypothesis and conclusions.

Striking title

A striking title is one that entices your audience to read, so know your audience’s tastes.

The analogy of cultivating sexual attraction in a prospective mate is useful here: some audiences will be enticed by a title’s edginess (as with, for example, V. Alneng’s “‘What the Fuck is a Vietnam?’ Touristic Phantasms and the Popcolonization of [the] Vietnam [War],” published in Critique on Anthropology ); others will almost always prefer a more straightforward title (as with J.C. Henderson’s “War as a tourist attraction: The case of Vietnam,” published in the International Journal of Tourism Research ).

You should be able to gauge how edgy your title can be by the tone of your discipline or the publication you’re submitting to, and your main concern should be forming a title that appeals to your readers’ specific tastes.

Consider also that a title that highlights the paper’s fresh insights will often be striking.

An endocrinologist, for example, might become very excited upon seeing the collaboratively authored article “Comparison of the effects on glycaemic control and β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients of treatment with exenatide, insulin or pioglitazone: A multicentre randomized parallel-group trial,” published in 2015 in the Journal of Internal Medicine .

This rather long title is more acceptable in the sciences, where what readers tend to find provocative in a title is the degree to which it reveals the paper’s specifics.

Appropriate title

Ensuring that your title is appropriate in a way of making sure not only that your audience understands it, but also that its appeal contributes to its meaning. To make sure the title will be understood, you need to consider how familiar your research topic will be to your audience.

In an academic essay, you can use highly technical terms in your title, but generally avoid terms that the average well-read person in your discipline might not know.

In any writing that has a broad audience, titles need to avoid language that is too sophisticated; a news article, for example, should be easily understood by all.

As a second consideration of appropriateness, make sure that your title does not entice without substance.

The title of Alneng’s paper, for example, does not use “fuck” merely to shock and therefore entice the reader; the uncommon use of a swearword here helps convey the topic of the article: more or less vulgar representations of Vietnam.

The same is true for other striking titles, such as Nancy Tuana’s “Coming to Understand: Orgasm and the Epistemology of Ignorance,” published in Hypatia .

The title’s sexually charged play on words (“coming to understand”) hooks the audience, but is not merely a hook. The pun is directly relevant to the essay’s argument, which is that sexual pleasure offers an important form of knowledge.

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Use key terms. Find words that your audience can easily identify as markers of the topic matter. These will include, for example, terms that convey the field of research, central concepts, or subjects of study.
Identify the context (sometimes called “the location”). By context, I mean the source or the setting of the discussion, depending on discipline. In a history paper this might be a certain century or era; in literary studies a certain book or author; and in the sciences an organism or compound.

The following is a list of title formats, with examples of each. I’ve given the names of the publications in brackets to give a sense of how different disciplines treat titles.

Note that these are not mutually exclusive patterns (i.e. it’s possible to have various combinations; e.g. General & interesting: Informative & specific). Note also that this is not meant to be an exhaustive list.

Striking: Informative – The Specter of Wall Street: “Bartleby, the Scrivener” and the Language of Commodities ( American Literature )
Informative: Striking – Carbon capture and storage: How green can black be? ( Science )
General: Specific – The issues of the sixties: An exploratory study in the dynamics of public opinion ( Public Opinion Quarterly )
“Quotation”: Discussion (social studies) – “I’d rather not talk about it”: Adolescents’ and young adults’ use of topic avoidance in stepfamilies ( Journal of Applied Communication Research )
“Quotation”: Discussion (literary studies) – “I Would Prefer Not To”: Giorgio Agamben, Bartleby and the Potentiality of the Law ( Law and Critique )
Simple and precise – Methodological issues in the use of Tsimshian oral Traditions (Adawx) in Archaeology ( Canadian Journal of Archaeology )
Topic: Method – Mortality in sleep apnea patients: A multivariate analysis of risk factors ( Sleep )
Topic: Significance – LC3 binds externalized cardiolipin on injured mitochondria to signal mitophagy in neurons: Implications for Parkinson disease ( Autophagy )
Technical and very specific – Single-shot quantum nondemolition measurement of a quantum-dot electron spin using cavity exciton-polaritons ( Physical Review )

Although similar, headings are not the same as titles. Headings head paragraphs and help structure a document. Effective headings make your paper easily scannable.

Common high level headings in dissertations and research papers are “Methods”, “Research results”, and “Discussion”. Lower level headings are often more descriptive.

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Best Tips on How to Title an Essay

How to Make a Good Title for an Essay

The success of an essay heavily depends on its title. This may not come as a surprise given that the essay title is the first aspect to provide the reader with a sneak peek into the text. It piques our interest to read the paper in the first place and gives us a preview of what to expect from the author.

Our research paper writing help prepared a thorough guide on how to title an essay. Here you may find tips and tricks for developing an effective APA or MLA essay title. So, let's dive straight into the article for more exciting details!

Essay Title Format

During your essay writing process, ensure you know the stylistic requirements before beginning an essay. Knowing the format you need to employ is crucial because different style manuals may have varying requirements. Mostly, you could have used an APA or MLA essay title format. Our service, where you can buy essay online , explains these two in more detail below.

Essay Title MLA

If you're required to create an essay title MLA format, check whether your instructor wants you to make a separate cover page. If not, put a heading at the beginning of your work that includes your name, the name of your professor, the course ID, and, lastly, the date.

On the other hand, if you must present a cover page for your essay title MLA, then you need to include the following:

The name of the college
The title of your paper
The subtitle of your paper, if applicable
Your first and last name
Your teacher or professor's name
The class name or course number
The date the paper is due

The formatting instructions are as follows:

Double-spaced
Times New Roman font
Size 12 font
Apart from very short terms, each word's initial letter should be capitalized. The initial word, however, must always be uppercase.
The title page shouldn't include a header with the page numbers.

Essay Title APA

Having discussed the MLA format essay title, let's explore what the APA student title page includes:

The paper title
Author names
Institutional affiliation where the author carried out the study
Name and number of the course
Professor name
Page number

The title of an essay format instructions:

double-spaced
1" margins
12-point Times New Roman
According to APA, your title should be targeted and brief, without unnecessary words or abbreviations

How to Choose a Good Title for an Essay: Important Qualities

Nobody will read a dull headline. Your title should grab your audience's attention and encourage them to read the rest of the work. As it is one of the initial things readers see, having a strong attention grabber is essential when writing an essay from scratch. To fully understand how to come up with a title for essay that is strong and exciting, let's consider a few following factors:

Employ a Catchy Hook - Usually, the title of essay format follows a similar basic structure, especially if they are used for an academic article. The hook serves as a unique component that attracts the reader. It's a captivating statement informing others about the topic of the essay. You can also explore several types of sentences with examples that can help you develop the ideal hook structure.

Consider Topic Keywords - These are essential terms or expressions pertinent to your subject and help your reader understand the focus and body of your article. These focus keywords should serve as a brief, one- to two-word article summary. You can choose some terms from the research topic your instructor gave you, but after your thesis statement is formed, this is where you should hunt for ideas.

Use a Colon - A colon is frequently used in academic titles to separate concepts and sentences. The standard procedure is to place a clever remark or brief quotation before the colon. Although these beginning words offer flavor, they can be overdone. Because of this, some individuals find using the colon to be repugnant. Therefore be careful not to misuse this method.

Ask a Question - To write essay title that is strong, consider asking a question. But, use it with caution because posing a question will make your tone less formal. As long as the question is suitably phrased to meet the subject of your essay, feel free to employ it. Always check to see if the title question still applies to your points in the essay's body. The thesis statement should be appropriately reflected as well.

Find Inspirational Quotes - There is no formula for selecting essay titles from the textual content. You may get playful and choose any quotation, proverb, or catchphrase that applies to your particular publication and works as a title. You may also create a great essay title using well-known expressions or idioms. Doing so will help your readers relate to and feel more comfortable discussing your subject.

Here are other rules for how to create a good title:

Title every section of writing: In the process of writing, create interesting subheadings to give your paragraphs an identity. Also, they make your text look ordered and clear.
The title must bear the theme of the text: choose a title that summarizes the essay.
Capitalize all words with certain exceptions: Capitalize the first letter of every word in the title, but do not capitalize pronouns, articles, prepositions, and conjunctions.
Avoid underlining the title: Since topics come in boldface, underlining it will amount to overemphasis. Some authorities say that if you must underline it, do not bolden it.
Review the final version of the title: Do not forget to do a quick review of the final version of the title—check for grammar, structure, spelling and so on. Re-read it to determine if the title has given justice to the essay. Confirm if the topic is catchy enough to attract your reader’s attention.
When using a colon in your title, follow the rules: Since we are dealing with punctuation rules here, let us talk about the colon – when you have two eye-catching topics, separate them with a colon.

Student’s Guide on How to Come Up with a Title for an Essay

Titling an essay can be easy, but there are a few core principles to be taken into account. The following tips will help you stay on track and avoid any common pitfalls.

Essay Goes First

Never start with a title! If you write it before the rest of the text, it will be based on it, and it should be vice versa. Writing an essay before choosing a heading will give you a clear understanding of what should make sense to the reader. Re-read the finished paper several times to decide on the title. The last thing to create is a title - such strategy will give more time to spend on crafting an essay outline, conducting research, or writing the paper itself.

What are you writing about? What is the style of your paper, and is it an academic essay or a free-form essay like a narrative essay? If the topic of your essay is “Do people who commit heinous crimes deserve the death penalty?” your title should not be humorous; it should be strict and to the point.

If your topic is “Why do people like watching funny cat videos?”, feel free to craft a funny title. Determine the tone of your essay and base your title on it—in consideration with the essay’s topic.

The tone can be:

Serious - “The implications of global warming”
Funny - “How cats and dogs love their masters”
Amiable - “Ways to fight depression”
Persuasive - “Why positive thinking is a must have skill for every person”
Informative - “Ten rules for creating a chemical at home”

The main goal of a title is to name its paper. There is no need to tell an entire story in the title, or provide any useless details. Sum up your paper in a few words! Another way to do this is to sum up your thesis statement, as it represents the main idea of your essay. Take your thesis and squeeze it into 3-4 words. Imagine that you are creating a title for your favourite newspaper or a slogan for Coca-Cola.

Don’t use fancy words! Take 2-3 main words (keywords), put them together, and stop wasting your time. Avoid jargon and abbreviations.

Search engine optimization (SEO) is something that can help any student and young writer reap benefits. While working on a title, detect the words related to the central idea of the paper. Type the words into the search field of Google and add the word “quote.” A search engine will show numerous web pages with in-text quotations that could be useful. Select the fragment you like. It is possible to learn how to make a creative title for an essay in this way.

Discover several more tips from experts:

Never forget the “What,” “Who,” “When,” “How,” “Why,” and “Where” questions (if you start with one of these questions, your title has a chance of getting noticed);
Come up with an unexpected image not related to the selected topic;
Sometimes, starting with a lie increases the chances of a title being able to catch an eye;
Review our catchy essay title examples.

Need Some Help With Your Essay's Title?

Feel free to contact EssayPro and we will provide you with a writing help at a moment’s notice. With the years of essay writing experience, titling becomes second nature, so you no longer need to worry about having a catchy headline on your paper.

Essay Title Examples: Bad vs Good

The strongest essay titles condense lengthy essays into concise statements. When wondering how to make an essay title, think carefully about your stylistic choices and essay format to produce an excellent one. Our dissertation help has provided essay title examples to let you understand the difference between good and bad ones more vividly.

Bad Essay Title Examples

As we discussed how to create an essay title and the specific elements that go into it, you should have a clear idea of how important it is to craft a strong title. In contrast, first, look at weak essay title ideas that can break your paper. This should serve as an example of why your heading should not be like this:

Ex 1: ' How Television Has Changed Our World ' - too vast and not informative

Ex 2: 'The Ara Pacis Augustae' - unclear for those who don't know Latin

Ex 3: 'The Most Poisonous Frog' - does not provide any insight

Ex 4: 'A Brief History of Subcultures and How They Manifest Themselves in a Constantly Changing Socio-Economic Environment' - too long and complicated

Ex 5: 'The Little Mermaid 29 Years Later: Selling a Harmful Sexist Message Through a Naughty Image' - inappropriate language

Good Essay Title Examples

Now that you know what a bad essay title looks like, let's explore good essay title examples as their substitutes. Examine the following essay title format styles that will give you a clear understanding.

Ex 1: ' The Electronic Babysitter: A Social History of Uses of the Television' - gives an exact description of what the essay will be about

Ex 2: ' The Modern Historical Significance of the Ara Pacis Augustae to the City of Rome' - here, the reader can understand what they will be reading about

Ex 3: ' A Deadly Beauty: The Evolution of Skin Coloration and Toxicity of the Poisonous Dart Frog' - clear, informative, and on-point.

Ex 4: 'Reconsidering Counterculture in Contemporary Society' - informative enough and brief

Ex 5: 'The Projection of Gender Stereotypes in The Little Mermaid' - employs appropriate language

Catchy Essay Title Ideas

You now understand that long, complicated headlines do not accurately convey the paper's main idea. Take ample time to consider the word choice before tilting your work. How do you create good essay titles? Think creatively and with common sense. But meanwhile, for your convenience, we compiled title ideas for essays you may use as inspiration.

Persuasive Essay Titles

Why Receiving College Education is Important: Examining Long-term Benefits
Face-to-Face Courses Cannot Be Replaced by Online Learning
An MBA Does Not Ensure Corporate Success.
Every Company Should Adopt a Green Strategy.
Energy Drinks Represent a Lucrative Market Segment.
Aircraft, Excess Weight Charges, Need to be Prohibited.
Patients' Life Shouldn't be Put to Death by Nurses.
Google Glasses May Increase the Number of Auto Accidents.
All of the Conventional Malls Will Soon be Replaced By Online Shopping
How Do Team-building Exercises Contribute to the Development of Inventions?
Illegal immigrants are entitled to remain in the US.

Academic Essay Titles

Several English Dialects: The Link Between Various Cultures
Instagram: A social media innovation
Is it possible to reverse drug-induced brain damage, and if so, how?
What the Future Holds for Humans in the Light of Artificial Intelligence
The Story of Two Nations after Decades of Conflict: North and South Korea
Video Games and Their Learning Context in Schools
Free Wi-Fi: Strategies for Enhancing the City's Economy

Strong Research Paper Titles

Digital World Cybersecurity
E-business to Provide New Paths for Booksellers
Outsourcing for Large Businesses
Preparing for College Costs for High School Students
What News Reporters Should Do in the Digital Age and How to Do It: Examples
The Transformative Power of Music: How Heavy Metal Impacted My Life

Best Essay Titles for College Students

The Possible Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence for Humans
The Potential for Time Travel in Virtual Reality
What Role Has Mathematics Played in Human History?
How to Succeed in the Real Estate Industry
E-Commerce: An Empire of Virtual Businesses Worth Millions of Dollars
How to Achieve Financial Independence in the Digital Age Without Opening a Real Business

More Creative Titles for Essays

When getting rewarded for their grades, would kids do better left alone?
How Does Fake News Impact the Mainstream press?
Homelessness in Contemporary Society: A Dilemma
What News Reporters' Best Job Is in the Digital Age and How to Uphold It
Elon Musk: Brilliant Mind or Insane Person?
Positives and Negatives of Employing a Smoker
Do We Employ the Appropriate Student Success Metrics?

Professional Academic Help

Now that you know how to make a good title for an essay, you should also understand that you should approach the task as a process. While composing your essay title, you must condense your whole thesis and point of discussion into a single, concise, yet powerful sentence. If you have time before your deadline, give it some thought and don't hurry.

Don't forget that you can always rely on our professional academic assistance, whether you need a reflection paper , ideas for a strong essay title, or any other academic papers. Consider the following words - write my essay for me - magic keywords for delegating your most complex tasks to our skilled writers!

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How To Title An Essay?

How to title an essay in mla format, what are some good titles for an essay.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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Can section headings in a paper be questions?

I searched and didn't see an answer to this. I'm writing a research paper using MLA, but I would be interested to know the answer to this for other styles as well.

My question is whether section headers can be questions. For example:

I could change that to this:

But for certain sections of my paper the question version seems more appropriate to me (note: my paper has nothing to do with vegetables!).

academic-writing

I answer your question for APA. Psychological papers are very rigidly formatted, so possibly you have more leeway when following MLA, but I would suspect that the basics still apply.

To answer your question, we must first understand what the purpose of the headings is. To understand that, let's take a step back and look at the paper's title.

The APA Manual says that

A title should summarize the main idea of the manuscript simply and, if possible, with style. It should be a concise statement of the main topic and should identify the variables and theoretical issues under investigation and the relationship between them. An example of a good title is "Effect of Transformed Letters on Reading Speed." A title should be fully explanatory when standing alone. Although its principal function is to inform the reader about the study, a title is also used as a statement of article content for abstracting and reference purposes in databases such as APA's PsycINFO. A good title is easily shortened to the running head used within the published article. (APA, 2009, p. 23)

As an article in the APA Style Blog explains, a title should not be a question:

A great title gives away the ending. If your title is in the form of a yes–no question, try rephrasing it so that the question is answered or the answer at least alluded to. This primes the reader for deeper comprehension. If Philip K. Dick had written for an academic audience, you might be perusing Androids Dream of Electric Sheep: Empathy in Nonhuman Species before bed tonight. ( http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/07/five-steps-to-a-great-title.html )

Why does the title of an academic paper have to "give away the ending"? Let's take another step back and look at the purpose of academic writing.

Academic writing, while it certainly profits from being entertaining, has the main purpose of transporting information. Throughout the APA Manual the basic requirement for academic writing is emphasized repeatedly, for example in the title of chapter 3: Writing Clearly and Concisely.

The prime objective of scientific reporting is clear communication. You can achieve this by presenting ideas in an orderly manner and by expressing yourself smoothly and precisely.

Now, if we want to understand what makes a good section heading, we only have to think of the heading as the title to that section and keep in mind the basic purpose of academic writing.

Most academics have to read several articles each day, besides doing their research, writing their own papers, holding classes, correcting student work, and taking care of administration. For that reason, exerimental papers in the natural sciences all have the same structure, and the main sections usually all have the same headings: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion. For most natural scientists writing up their experimental findings, your question of phrasing a section heading as a question cannot arise, because the headings are predefined.

But even if you deviate from this dogmatic style, your headings still have the purpose of organizing your communication and identifying structural elements:

In scientific writing, sound organizational structure is the key to clear, precise, and logical communication. This includes the use of headings to effectively organzie the ideas within a study as well as seriation to highlight important items within sections. Concise headings help the reader anticipate key points and track the development of your argument.

Taking all this together, if you wrote your paper according to APA stlye, your

section headings must not be phrased as questions.

But "Why Eating Vegetables is Important" is not a good section heading either, because it does not "give away the ending". A good section heading might be something like:

a good section heading will be the answer to the question.

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What is a subtitle in an essay?

A subtitle in an essay is used to denote subsections of the essay. Depending on the format it must be written in, they may start with letters or numbers or even alternate text styles like underline, bold, or italics.

Yes, but if the essay is very short subtitles may look odd.

Add your answer:

What is a sentence for subtitle?

she needs to put the subtitle on.

What are the steps to survey an essay in the pre-reading stage?

Ask yourself why you're reading the essay. Think about the prior knowledge you have on this topic. Highlight the title, subtitle, headings, subheadings, and key phrases from the first sentences of paragraphs. Predict key points and make personal connections.

Where can i download English subtitle for Korean drama?

You can download English subtitle for Korean drama at fever.com and viki.com.

What is a synonym for subtitle?

What is the definition of subtitle.

The definition for subtitle is a printed translation of the dialogue of a foreign language. In film the dialogues shown at the bottom of the screen.

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Current Issue

The President Can Now Assassinate You, Officially

Under this new standard, a president can go on a four-to-eight-year crime spree and then retire from public life, never to be held accountable.

United States Supreme Court justices pose for their official portrait on October 7, 2022, in Washington, DC.

Welp, Donald Trump won. The Supreme Court today ruled that presidents are entitled to “absolute immunity” from criminal prosecution for official acts, then contended that pressuring the vice president and the Department of Justice to overthrow the government was an “official act,” then said that talking to advisers or making public statements are “official acts” as well, and then determined that evidence of what presidents say and do cannot be used against them to establish that their acts are “unofficial.”

The ruling from the Supreme Court was 6-3, written by Chief Justice John Roberts, on a straight party-line vote, with all the Republican-appointed justices joining to give the president the power of a king. While some parts of the federal indictment against Trump will be remanded back down to the district-court trial judge to determine whether any of Trump’s actions were “unofficial” (“unofficial” acts, the court says, are not entitled to immunity), Trump’s victory in front of the Supreme Court is total. Essentially, all he has to do is claim that everything he did to plot a coup was part of his “official” duties, and the Supreme Court provided no clear method or evidentiary standard that can be used to challenge that presumption.

Legally, there are two critical things to understand about the totality of the court’s ruling here:

The immunity is absolute
There is no legislative way to get rid of what the court has given

On the first point, the immunity granted to Trump in this case far exceeds the immunity granted to, say, police officers or other government officials, when they act in their official capacities. Those officials are granted “qualified” immunity from civil penalties. Because the immunity is “qualified,” it can be taken away (“pierced” is the legal jargon for taking away an official’s qualified immunity). People can bring evidence against officials and argue that they shouldn’t be given immunity because of the gravity or depravity of their acts.

Not so with Trump. Presidents are now entitled to “absolute” immunity, which means that no matter what they do, the immunity cannot be lost. They are always and forever immune, no matter what evidence is brought to bear.

Moreover, unlike other officials, presidents are now entitled to absolute immunity from criminal charges. Even a cop can be charged with, say, murder , even if they argue that killing people is part of their jobs. But not presidents. Presidents can murder, rape, steal, and pretty much do whatever they want, so long as they argue that murdering, raping, or stealing is part of the official job of the president of the United States. There is no crime that pierces the veil of absolute immunity.

And there is essentially nothing we can do to change it. The courts created qualified immunity for public officials, but it can be undone by state or federal legislatures if they pass a law removing that protection. Not so with absolute presidential immunity. The court here says that absolute immunity is required by the separation of powers inherent in the Constitution, meaning that Congress cannot take it away. Congress, according to the Supreme Court, does not have the power to pass legislation saying “the president can be prosecuted for crimes.” Impeachment, and only impeachment, is the only way to punish presidents, and, somewhat obviously, impeachment does nothing to a president who is already no longer in office.

The Nation Weekly

Under this new standard, a president can go on a four-to-eight-year crime spree, steal all the money and murder all the people they can get their hands on, all under guise of presumptive “official” behavior, and then retire from public life, never to be held accountable for their crimes while in office. That, according to the court, is what the Constitution requires.

There will be Republicans and legal academics and whatever the hell job Jonathan Turley has who will go into overdrive arguing that the decision isn’t as bad as all that. These bad-faith actors will be quoted or even published in The Washington Post and The New York Times . They will argue that presidents can still be prosecuted for “unofficial acts,” and so they will say that everything is fine.

But they will be wrong, because while the Supreme Court says “unofficial” acts are still prosecutable, the court has left nearly no sphere in which the president can be said to be acting “unofficially.” And more importantly, the court has left virtually no vector of evidence that can be deployed against a president to prove that their acts were “unofficial.” If trying to overthrow the government is “official,” then what isn’t? And if we can’t use the evidence of what the president says or does, because communications with their advisers, other government officials, and the public is “official,” then how can we ever show that an act was taken “unofficially”?

Take the now-classic example of a president ordering Seal Team Six to assassinate a political rival. According to the logic of the Republicans on the Supreme Court, that would likely be an official act. According to their logic, there is also no way to prove it’s “unofficial,” because any conversation the president has with their military advisers (where, for instance, the president tells them why they want a particular person assassinated) is official and cannot be used against them.

There will doubtless be people still wondering if Trump can somehow be prosecuted: The answer is “no.” Special counsel Jack Smith will surely argue that presenting fake electors in connection with his cadre of campaign sycophants was not an “official act.” Lower-court judges may well agree. But when that appeal gets back to the Supreme Court next year, the same justices who just ruled that Trump is entitled to absolute immunity will surely rule that submitting fake electors was also part of Trump’s “official” responsibilities.

Why Aren’t We Talking About Trump’s Fascism? Why Aren’t We Talking About Trump’s Fascism?

The president can now assassinate you, officially the president can now assassinate you, officially, elie mystal, biden did not save his presidency on abc biden did not save his presidency on abc, how to beat trump in a world of unreason how to beat trump in a world of unreason.

Eric Reinhart

There is no way to change that outcome in the short term. In the long term, the only way to undo the authoritarianism the court has just ushered in is to expand the Supreme Court . Democrats would have to win the upcoming presidential election and the House and the Senate. Then Congress would have to pass a law expanding the number of justices on the Supreme Court; then the Senate would have to pass that law as well, which, at a minimum, would likely have to include getting rid of the filibuster. Then the president would have to sign such a bill, and appoint additional Supreme Court justices who do not think that presidents should be kings—and then those justices would have to be confirmed. And all of that would have to happen before the current Supreme Court hears whatever Trump appeal from his January 6 charges comes up next, because if court expansion happens after the current Supreme Court dismisses the charges against him, double jeopardy will attach and Trump can never be prosecuted again under a less-fascist court.

So, since that’s not going to happen, Trump won. He won completely. He tried to overthrow the government, and he got away with it. I cannot even imagine what he’ll try if he is actually given power again, knowing full well that he will never be held accountable for literal crimes.

If you ever wondered what you’d have done in ancient Rome, when the Roman Republic was shuttered and Augustus Caesar declared himself the “first” citizen of Rome, the answer is: whatever you’re doing right now. It’s what you would have done during the Restoration of King Charles II in England, and what you would have done when Napoleon declared himself emperor of France. This, right here, is how republics die.

And the answer that cries out from the abyss of history is that most people, in real time, don’t care. Republics fall because most citizens are willing to give it away. Most people think that it won’t be that bad to lose the rule of law, and the people who stand to benefit from the ending of republican self-government tell everybody that it will be OK. When the Imperium came to be, the Romans didn’t realize that they were seeing the last form of European self-government for 2,000 years, and the ones who did were largely happy about it.

For my part, I assume that like Mark Antony’s wife, Fulvia, defiling the decapitated head of Cicero, Martha-Ann Alito will be jabbing her golden hairpin into my tongue for criticizing the powerful soon enough. But I’m just a writer. I wonder what the rest of you will do as the last vestiges of democracy are taken away by the Imperial Supreme Court and the untouchable executive officer they’ve just created.

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Elie Mystal is The Nation ’s justice correspondent and the host of its legal podcast, Contempt of Court . He is also an Alfred Knobler Fellow at the Type Media Center. His first book is the New York Times bestseller Allow Me to Retort: A Black Guy’s Guide to the Constitution, published by The New Press. Elie can be followed @ElieNYC .

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Something Has Gone Deeply Wrong at the Supreme Court

Jurists who preach fidelity to the Constitution are making decisions that flatly contradict our founding document’s text and ideals.

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Produced by ElevenLabs and News Over Audio (NOA) using AI narration.

F orget Donald Trump . Forget Joe Biden. Think instead about the Constitution. What does this document, the supreme law of our land, actually say about lawsuits against ex-presidents?

Nothing remotely resembling what Chief Justice John Roberts and five associate justices declared in yesterday’s disappointing Trump v. United States decision. The Court’s curious and convoluted majority opinion turns the Constitution’s text and structure inside out and upside down, saying things that are flatly contradicted by the document’s unambiguous letter and obvious spirit.

Imagine a simple hypothetical designed to highlight the key constitutional clauses that should have been the Court’s starting point: In the year 2050, when Trump and Biden are presumably long gone, David Dealer commits serious drug crimes and then bribes President Jane Jones to pardon him.

Adam Serwer: The Supreme Court puts Trump above the law

Is Jones acting as president, in her official capacity, when she pardons Dealer? Of course. She is pardoning qua president. No one else can issue such a pardon. The Constitution expressly vests this power in the president: “The President … shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States.”

But the Constitution also contains express language that a president who takes a bribe can be impeached for bribery and then booted from office: “The President … shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors.” And once our hypothetical President Jones has been thus removed and is now ex-President Jones, the Constitution’s plain text says that she is subject to ordinary criminal prosecution, just like anyone else: “In cases of Impeachment … the Party convicted shall … be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.”

Obviously, in Jones’s impeachment trial in the Senate, all sorts of evidence is admissible to prove not just that she issued the pardon but also why she did this—to prove that she had an unconstitutional motive , to prove that she pardoned Dealer because she was bribed to do so. Just as obviously, in the ensuing criminal case, all of this evidence surely must be allowed to come in.

But the Trump majority opinion, written by Roberts, says otherwise, proclaiming that “courts may not inquire into the President’s motives.” In a later footnote all about bribery, the Roberts opinion says that criminal-trial courts are not allowed to “admit testimony or private records of the President or his advisers probing the official act itself. Allowing that sort of evidence would invite the jury to inspect the President’s motivations for his official actions and to second-guess their propriety.”

But such an inspection is exactly what the Constitution itself plainly calls for. An impeachment court and, later, a criminal court would have to determine whether Jones pardoned Dealer because she thought he was innocent, or because she thought he had already suffered enough, or because he put money in her pocket for the very purpose of procuring the pardon. The smoking gun may well be in Jones’s diary—her “private records”—or in a recorded Oval Office conversation with Jones’s “advisers,” as was the case in the Watergate scandal. Essentially, the Court in Trump v. United States is declaring the Constitution itself unconstitutional. Instead of properly starting with the Constitution’s text and structure, the Court has ended up repealing them.

In a quid-pro-quo bribery case—money for a pardon—Roberts apparently would allow evidence of the quid (the money transfer) and evidence of the quo (the fact of a later pardon) but not evidence of the pro: evidence that the pardon was given because of the money, that the pardon was motivated by the money. This is absurd.

In the oral argument this past April, one of the Court’s best jurists posed the issue well: “Giving somebody money isn’t bribery unless you get something in exchange, and if what you get in exchange is [an] official act … how does [the case] go forward?” The answer, of course, is by allowing evidence of all three legs of the bribery stool—the quid (the money), the quo (the official act), and the pro (the unconstitutional and vicious motive). Yet Roberts’s majority opinion entirely misses the thrust of this oral-argument episode.

Claire Finkelstein and Richard W. Painter: Trump’s presidential-immunity theory is a threat to the chain of command

This is astonishing, because the impressive jurist who shone in this oral exchange was none other than the chief justice himself. John Roberts, meet John Roberts.

And please meet the John Roberts who has long believed that the judiciary shouldn’t be partisan. Over the course of his career, Roberts has repeatedly said that there are no Republican justices or Democratic justices, no Trump justices or Obama justices or Biden justices—there are just justices, period. Yet the Court in Trump v. United States split along sharply partisan lines—six Republican appointees, three of whom were named to the Court by Trump himself, versus three Democratic appointees. Roberts failed to pull these sides together.

This is precisely the opposite of what happened in the celebrated decision United States v. Nixon , also known as the Nixon-tapes case, in which the Court—including three justices appointed by Richard Nixon himself—issued a unanimous no-man-is-above-the-law ruling against the president. (A fourth Nixon appointee—William Rehnquist, for whom a young Roberts later clerked—recused himself.) The opinion also made clear that presidential conversations with top aides are indeed admissible when part of a criminal conspiracy.

Yesterday’s liberal dissenters came much closer to the constitutional mark, but they, too, made mistakes. Their biggest blunder in Trump was relying on a 1982 case, Nixon v. Fitzgerald , that simply invented out of whole cloth broad immunity for ex-presidents in civil cases. If liberal precedents lacking strong roots in the Constitution, such as Roe v. Wade , are fair game for conservatives, then mistaken conservative precedents ought to be fair game for liberals. Fitzgerald made stuff up, and the liberals should have said so.

No one is above the law—or, at least, no one should be. Not presidents, not ex-presidents, and not justices either. Because the Constitution itself is our highest law, jurists across the spectrum must prioritize that document’s letter and spirit above all else. In Trump v. United States , the Court failed to do this and also failed to live up to America’s highest ideals: nonpartisan justice and the rule of law.

Get step-by-step answers

Can an Essay Have Subheadings, Subtitles or Subtopics?

Some argue that an essay doesn’t contain subheadings, subtitles, or subtopics . Others would contend the opposite. No matter how you slice it, using subheadings, subtitles and subtopics are essential for communicating your ideas efficiently while avoiding confusing your readers.

Can an essay have subheadings, subtitles, or subtopics? Many students wonder about this, especially those just beginning to write essays. Fortunately, the answer is “yes” – your essay does have subheadings and other divisions within the essay. Subtopics can be used to organize the material in longer essays.

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Before you start thinking about writing the body of your essay, it is important to organize the information you want to present, and many students forget this very important step. The most popular way of organizing information in an essay is by using headings, subtitles, and subtopics. You may be wondering if an essay can have subtitles. Yes, sure, it can and here is how.

What are Subheadings in a Paper?

Subheadings are smaller titles that appear below the main heading or above a section of text. Subheadings are a part of the outline for a longer paper. They help organize the paper and make it easier to read. They also divide up the information in a paper into easily digestible sections.

The first paragraph of each section should begin with a topic sentence that clearly states what the section is about. This helps readers immediately understand where they are in the paper, even if they have never seen it before.

Subheadings are useful because they help organize your thoughts, but they don’t need to be used all across your paper. For instance, you might use subheadings when discussing different topics within one section or every other paragraph within a single topic. In general, you should use subheadings when:

Your topic is complex and requires many points to be discussed;
You have many different points to make on one particular topic; or
You think readers will find it helpful or interesting to see how your ideas fit together.

How to Write Subtitles in an Essay

A good subtitle should be catchy, informative and relevant to the main topic. You can use words like “how to” or “why.” The point of your subtitle should be to help readers understand what they will learn from reading your essay.

You can also use subtitles as hooks, especially if you are writing an academic essay like an MLA paper, where every sentence counts toward your word count. The following are some tips on how to write a subtitle in an essay:

Try framing your question as the heading

The use of a question as a heading can entice readers to keep reading. All you have to do is make sure the solution is presented early on. This advice is especially useful for non-fiction readers.

Be as clear and unambiguous as possible

To attract more readers, craft a headline that does not waste their time getting to the point. Subheadings, even if they’re just simple, give readers a break and make it easier for them to decide whether or not to continue reading.

Formatting simple

Headings do not require bold, italics, or underlining. When put together, they’re too much. It’s just a little bit of guts. Also, no need to shout in capital letters. They make it harder for everyone to read quickly and efficiently.

Keep the typeface simple and neat

Experts disagree on which font is easiest to read, but I agree with the consensus that serif fonts like Times New Roman are ideal for body copy. Sans serif fonts, like Arial, work best for headings.

Make use of headings and subheadings to arrange your data better

Use short subheadings that tell the reader what to expect next if you want to appeal to a larger audience. Don’t waste your readers’ time the next time you sit down to write; instead, use these easy strategies to hook and keep them.

Format for the 5 APA-style Heading Levels

Uses the format shown here for the five levels of headings required by APA style. Though the headings in the sample are titled “First Level,” “Second Level,” and so on, your paper’s headings should be more specifically titled to reflect the content they describe.

The first level

Each word in a heading at the top level is capitalized and italicized, and the heading itself is bold and centred. Please start typing your paragraph on the new line below, indenting it five spaces to the left.

Second level

The second-level heading is bolded, aligned flush left, and all the initial letters of the words in the heading are capitalized. Paragraph text should start on a new line, five spaces to the left of the previous line.

Third level

Subheading 3 is bold, aligned five spaces to the left, and terminated with a period. All proper nouns and headings should be capitalized. The first paragraph that follows this heading should be typed on the same line.

Fourth level

It uses bold, italics, a five-space left indent, and a period for the fourth level of the heading. Only the first letter of the heading and proper nouns should be capitalized. The first paragraph that follows this heading should be typed on the same line.

Fifth Level

The period comes after the italicized, five-space-to-the-left-aligned heading for the fifth level. All proper nouns and headings should be capitalized. The first paragraph that follows this heading should be typed on the same line.

11 Benefits of Using Subtopics

The following are some advantages of using subtopics:

It helps readers understand complex topics better: When you write about a complex topic in detail, readers will find it difficult to understand everything at once. Using subtopics can help break down your main idea into smaller parts so that readers can focus on one aspect at a time.
It helps writers organize their thoughts: If you are writing an article that covers several aspects of a topic, subtopics will help you organize your thoughts and ideas on each aspect separately before compiling them into one main article or post. This will make it easier for readers to follow along and for writers like yourself who do not have much experience writing long posts or articles yet.
It makes your content SEO-friendly, which improves your website’s ranking in search engine results pages (SERPs). This can help you get more traffic from organic search and ultimately increase your website or blog sales. They also help with SEO (Search Engine Optimization) because search engines like Google rank websites higher when they have well-written articles with keywords throughout them!
It creates a sense of structure and organization for readers who visit your website or blog for information about a specific topic that interests them most about the subject matter at hand. For example, suppose you’re writing about how to build a new deck in your home. In that case, you can break down the process into different steps, such as getting permits, choosing materials and tools, building the frame, installing rails and stairs, etc., so that readers don’t have to go through all of your content just to find what they’re looking for; they can simply scroll down until they reach the section that interests them most and starts reading there instead (which will also make them happier customers).
Subtopic pages are easier to rank for your target keyword(s) because they’re generally more specific than the broader parent page they belong to.
Google tends to prefer subtopics over its parent pages when it comes to choosing which one it ranks at the top of its search results. If you have many subtopics about one main topic, Google will choose which subtopic best suits a particular user’s needs. This means that you can use subtopics to optimize your website for multiple search terms at once!
Subtopic pages tend to attract more links from other sites than their parent pages do because they are more specific (and thus relevant), which makes them more likely to be shared on social networks and other websites.
You can create an outline for each subtopic that is specific to your paper’s content and structure; this will help direct your research and make it easier to organize your thoughts in writing.
Since each subtopic has its own unique information, each one will also have its own bibliography page at the end of your research paper; this means that there won’t be any duplicate citations within the body of the text itself because each citation will only appear once in the bibliography section at the end of your research paper!
By using subtopics, you can provide more details about your products/services without making it too complicated for customers to read through them all at once
Subtopics allow users to skim through your website without having to read everything at once – this makes things simpler for them!

The Best Way to Write Subheadings

Subheadings are one of the most important components of any business document. They help the reader to follow your writing and understand the content easily. The best ways to write subheadings are below:

First, let’s take a look at some of the things that people look for when it comes to writing good subheadings:

The content should be informative
It should be written in an active voice
The headings should be concise
The headings must contain catchy titles.

1. Employ a symmetrical framework

Similarities in word or phrase patterns are known as parallel structures. They facilitate the reader’s understanding of your message. Headings that use the same grammar are easier to remember and stand out more. For instance, consider the following:

Title of article: Advice on Laying Tiles in Your Own Home

Subheader 1: Preparing Your House
Subheader 2: Identifying the Best Tiles
Subheading 3: Understanding Your Lateral Tilt
Subheading 4: Tiling and Fastening
Subheading 5: Allowing Ceramic Tiles to Air Dry

Grammar-wise, the subheadings in the preceding examples are consistent because they all use words with the same ending pattern (-ing). Such as obtaining, selecting, determining, etc. Using verbs (such as evaluate, write, and edit) or a question format for each subheading is another example of parallel structure use in headings.

2. Keep it fun, but relevant

Subheadings that try to be funny by using puns or cliches may come off as trite to the reader. Sometimes writers rely on tools like puns, phrases, or clichéd sayings when they are unsure of how to describe the paragraph they have written in a more succinct, real way; naming a section in your dating article “Its Raining Men!” might feel like a fun choice.

Please explain the relevance of this paragraph.
Which of the following best summarizes the key point(s) of this paragraph?
To what end am I presenting this paragraph?

You may find the answers lead you to a subheading that serves as a preview for your paragraph. Perhaps “The Best Places to Meet Men” would make a more appropriate subheading. Since they have an idea of what they’re getting into, the reader will be more motivated to keep going.

3. Adjust the length of any subheadings

Though the subheadings’ contents may vary, they should all be the same length for coherence’s sake. If some are very short while others are very long, it will be very noticeable to the reader. Subheadings should not be too long (no more than five or six words) so that the impact of the sentence is not diminished. Subheadings necessitate a high degree of word economy or the art of selecting words with minimal repetition because each and every one of those words must be used to maximum effect.

4. Drop the coded language

A common pitfall of coming up with subheadings is the instinct to make them clever. This is great because it increases the likelihood of a successful subheading being both interesting and original; however, it is important not to mislead the reader.

5. To introduce new topics

Use subheadings as an opportunity to introduce new topics and tie them together logically with other parts of your document. A good way to do this is by using an introductory phrase before each subheading, such as “Next,” or “Also.” For example:

“What Are Subheadings?”
“Why Use Subheadings?”
“When Should You Use Subheadings?”

6. Ensure your writing style and tone are consistent

You should make sure that the writing style and tone are consistent throughout your entire article. If you have been using informal language, then you should continue using the same tone for all your headings as well. You can also use bold fonts for headings if you want them to stand out from the rest of your content. Make sure that your headings do not contain too many words so that reading becomes easier for users and also ensure that there are no grammatical errors in them so that readers get an accurate idea about your content from first glance itself.

Bottom Line

An essay can have subtitles, subtopics and sub-sections when you are writing on a topic that needs appropriate explanation or details. You can use subtitles to divide the overall topic into smaller sections, which is helpful in putting across an argument or proving points. Subtopics can be used to provide details of some specific aspect in a particular section.

The post Can an Essay Have Subheadings, Subtitles or Subtopics? appeared first on Peachy Essay.

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How Ivy League Hopefuls Can Build Their Network This Summer

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For high school students dreaming of attending Ivy League institutions, summer is not just a break from academics—it is an invaluable opportunity to build a network that can help them on the path toward their collegiate goals. Networking can open doors to mentorship, internships, and firsthand advice from those who have successfully navigated the Ivy League admissions process. While the age of the internet has opened new avenues for connection by allowing students to meet peers, professionals, and subject matter experts that they would not otherwise encounter, making the most of such networking opportunities—whether online or in person—requires strategy and skill.

For high school students seeking to level up their networking skills this summer, here are some key tips to keep in mind:

1. Start Locally

While the internet offers innumerable outlets for students to meet others in their field of interest and enrich their skillset, networking should always start in one’s own community. Before setting their sights on exchanging emails with Elon Musk, students should identify respected professionals, academics, or community leaders in their own community who may provide valuable insights or connections. Students can start by reaching out to friends and family members who know others working in their field of interest, attend the colleges they are applying to, or offer internships or volunteer opportunities for high school students in their area.

2. Master Email Etiquette

When reaching out to community members they do not know, students should send a brief and professional email explaining their goals and specifically stating how the recipient’s expertise might benefit their goals. They should begin with a professional greeting, using the person’s official title before introducing themself (this should include their school, grade and relevant accomplishments or interests). Students can then ask specific questions, set up a time to get coffee, or request to chat via Zoom or over the phone.

3. Maintain a Professional Online Presence

Alternatively, students can reach out to community leaders via networking sites such as LinkedIn ; social media platforms like Twitter can also be powerful tools for networking if used wisely. Creating a professional online presence can help students connect with key individuals and stay informed about new opportunities. While students may have personal Instagram or Twitter accounts on which they share photos or personal thoughts, they should be sure to engage with professionals and academics in their field from an account used solely for professional purposes. Students can follow Ivy League admissions officers and faculty members, and engage with their posts by commenting thoughtfully and sharing content that resonates with them.

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Best 5% interest savings accounts of 2024, 4. make long-term impact.

When building a network, students should keep in mind that quality is often more important than quantity. Making connections with a breadth of peers and professionals in your field of interest can be helpful, but you will likely find that the most meaningful and beneficial relationships are those cultivated over time. For instance, if you are involved in a volunteer organization or internship program, committing to the activity over a couple of years during your high school career will allow you to grow in your role, demonstrate your commitment to the cause, and develop new skills over time. Likewise, your peers, supervisors, and mentors will be able to craft meaningful letters of recommendation, offer advice as you engage in the college search, or connect you with others who can help you along the way.

5. Make a Strategic Plan for Requesting Letters of Recommendations

Finally, students should note that a strong network is made up of people with diverse expertise—not every person in their network will be able to offer insightful college advice or write a strong letter of recommendation. Because of this, students should be intentional and strategic about how they leverage their network, using some connections to secure internships or jobs, others to make connections in their field of interest, and others to craft compelling letters of recommendation. The best recommenders will be those who have interacted with the student in a meaningful way (whether as a supervisor, professional or academic mentor) and who can attest to their unique strengths in the admissions process.

Building a network is a proactive and ongoing process. By taking advantage of summer opportunities, you can create a support system that provides guidance, inspiration, and practical assistance on your path to the Ivy League. The relationships you build now can significantly impact your future academic and professional success.

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Guest Essay

The Future of Eating Out Is Lining Up

An illustration of numerous characters of different colors, shapes and sizes standing in a long line, with a city backdrop behind them.

By Karen Stabiner

Ms. Stabiner is a journalist and the author, most recently, of “Generation Chef: Risking It All for a New American Dream.”

It is hardly the only bagel line in Los Angeles, but people I trust say Courage Bagels is worth the wait.

I take a place in line on an otherwise quiet block in Virgil Village, an East Hollywood neighborhood where little independent restaurants seek reasonable rents and longtime residents worry their low rents won’t stay that way. When I find myself between two groups of regulars, I do what any newbie would do: I eavesdrop. They debate their sandwich orders the way a fashion editor might assemble an outfit, seeking a whole that is more than the sum of its parts. I revise my order with every overheard comment.

I consider bolting after 20 minutes. Then again at the 40-minute mark — but the only thing sillier than standing here, I realize, would be to leave empty-handed.

This is brunch in 2024. Chefs on a budget and young customers trying to stretch their dining dollars or discover the next big thing are embracing the line-and-dine option because no one wants to give up on fun, regardless of the time it might require. Customers settle for less to get more, at times sacrificing anything resembling ambience for the opportunity to eat well. Yes, there’s a $24 wild Alaskan salmon roe sandwich, but there’s also a $6 bagel and schmear.

The modern era of line culture began in 2006, to my mind, at the original Shake Shack in Manhattan’s Madison Square Park. All of a sudden waiting was fun, complete with the Shake Shack Cam to record the scene. Now a line runs from Los Angeles’s citywide bagel subculture to Seattle’s Doce Donut to Chicago’s Michelin-starred Kasama, which offers a sit-down tasting menu at dinner but draws a crowd for its daytime bakery and breakfast menus.

For most of our history, standing in a food line has conveyed abject want — bread lines during the Depression and food banks to this day. Today, waiting is a two-tier system, indicating tough times on some blocks, where people still line up based on need, and free time on others, where people line up by choice.

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Opinion
Besides, the line can help build business. On some level I am a human billboard, doing my bit to support an independent food business at a time when survival is anything but a given. Long live the ...