agricultural research journal

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The Journal of Agricultural Science

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• ISSN: 0021-8596 (Print) , 1469-5146 (Online)
• Editors: Professor Gerrit Hoogenboom University of Florida,|Global Food Systems Institute & Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,|Gainesville,|Florida 32611-0570|USA| , and Professor Julian Wiseman University of Nottingham|School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus|Loughborough|Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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Latest articles

Energy supplementation of beef steers or inclusion of legumes in temperate pastures in crop-livestock integration area.

• Fernanda Bernardi Scheeren , Laércio Ricardo Sartor , Mirella Danna , Fernando Kuss , Wagner Paris , Alessandra Bianchin , Nathalia Marques Andriotti , Luís Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes
• The Journal of Agricultural Science , Accepted manuscript

Using multivariate analysis to predict carcass characteristics of lambs grazing and supplemented with different levels of non-protein nitrogen

• Francisca Fernanda da Silva Roberto , Neila Lidiany Ribeiro , Gelson dos Santos Difante , Diego Gomes Freire Guidolin , Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo , Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo , Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues , Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira , Roberto Germano Costa

Direct and maternal genetic parameters for growth traits in Jersey crossbred cattle

• Nunhlupuii Vangchhia , Indrajit Gayari , Mokidur Rahman , Sylvia Lalhmingmawii , Champak Bhakat , Hasan Baneh , Ajoy Mandal

The effects of breed and genomic inbreeding on milk, fat and protein lactation yields and fertility traits in pasture-based dairy cows in Argentina

• María José Beribe , Hugo Adrián Carignano , Mario Andrés Poli , Nicolás Lopez-Villalobos

Early growth performance in the Murciano-Granadina goats: insights from genetic and phenotypic analyses

• Morteza Mokhtari , Ali Esmailizadeh , Zahra Roudbari , Arsalan Barazandeh , Juan Pablo Gutierrez , Ehsan Mohebbinejad
• The Journal of Agricultural Science , First View

Crop rotation and sowing date effects on yield of winter wheat

• Marten Groeneveld , Dennis Grunwald , Hans-Peter Piepho , Heinz-Josef Koch

Effect of corn–soybean meal-based diets with low calcium and available phosphorus in male broilers on performance, tibia criteria and jejunum histomorphology

• Osman Olgun , Yusuf Cufadar , Esra Tuğçe Gül , Seyit Ahmet Gökmen , Behlül Sevim

Responses of sweet cherry trees to regulated deficit irrigation applied before and after harvesting

• Cenk Küçükyumuk

The Journal of Agricultural Science Blog

Utilizing Nitrogen Isotope Discrimination to Mitigate Ammonia Emissions from Sheep Manure: Insights from Incubation Experiments

• 04 April 2024, Hassan Khanaki
• Two pioneering 10-day in vitro experiments were conducted to explore the correlation between nitrogen (N) isotope discrimination (δ15N) and NH3 emissions from...

Australian plants can be new food crops for sustainable agricultural systems

• 08 February 2024, Nicholas George
• Australia has productive and profitable farming systems that contribute significantly to globally traded staple grains and global food security.

Circular agriculture practices enhance phosphorus recovery under tropical conditions.

• 08 February 2024, Silvino Moreira
• Global food production needs to increase in the coming years with minimal environmental impact for food and nutritional security.

2022 Journal Citation Reports © Clarivate Analytics

Crop losses to pests

• E.-C. OERKE
• The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 144 , Issue 1

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Spotlight  19 June 2024

Agricultural sciences

Changing climate patterns have caused a monumental shift in the world’s agricultural processes. With water scarcity and soil carbon depletion threatening food production, farmers and scientists have had to get innovative to protect their yields – and in the process find new ways to reduce the sector’s carbon footprint. Nature investigates the environmental costs of the agricultural industry and how farmers are preparing for a climate-altered future.

How farming could become the ultimate climate-change tool

A generation of farmers and scientists are finding ways to sequester carbon in the soil while improving crop yields.

• Bianca Nogrady

How to address agriculture’s water woes

Water isn’t the only challenge facing agriculture in a climate-altered future, but a lack of it could have catastrophic effects.

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0368-1157 (Print)  / 2076-7897 (Online)

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Publisher Directorate of Agricultural Information, Punjab-Lahore , Pakistan Manuscripts accepted in English

LCC subjects Look up the Library of Congress Classification Outline Agriculture Keywords agricultural sciences agricultural engineering agricultural economics animal science zoology agriculture extension

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Print ISSN: 2347-4688 Online ISSN: 2321-9971

Frequency: Triannual (April, August, December)

Average Publish Time: 98 Days

Chief Editor: Dr. Surendra Singh Bargali

CARJ is a RoMEO green Journal

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Current Agriculture Research Journal is an open access, international, scholarly peer-reviewed research journal which publishes original research after double-blind peer review. Published triannually in April, August and December with an aim to foster high-quality research in the field of agricultural sciences.

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Current Agriculture Research Journal’s Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement is based, in large part, on the guidelines and standards developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The relevant duties and expectations of authors, reviewers, and editors of the journal are set out below.

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Advances in Agricultural Research (AAR) journal is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in the various fields of Agricultural Science (Agronomy, Plant Breeding, Plant Physiology, Genetics, Agricultural Engineering, etc.) at diverse levels of integration.

The journal focuses on new methods and technologies for improving agricultural processes, increasing yield, conservation, and breeding. AAR publishes quarterly (in January, April, July, and October), online, open-access, and has a double-blind peer review process. AAR invites engineering, professors, researchers, professionals, academicians, and research scholars to submit their novel and conjectural ideas in the domain of Agricultural Science in the shape of research articles, book reviews, case studies, review articles, and personal opinions that can benefit the agricultural science researchers in general and society as a whole.

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Agricultural Research Journal

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• Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
• Agronomy and Crop Science
• Food Science
• Horticulture

Punjab Agricultural University

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23951435, 2395146X

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Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An international journal, p- issn: 0976-1675, e- issn: 2249-4538, © caras (centre for advanced research in agricultural sciences), aims and scope, editorial board, journal description.

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences: An International Journal is a bi-monthly peer reviewed research Journal, published by the Center for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences, devoted to the advancement and dissemination of scientific knowledge covering all disciplines related to agricultural sciences. The journal publishes original manuscripts on all aspects of agriculture and allied fields. Research papers, short communications and review articles are published based on their scientific content. All manuscripts are subjected to extensive peer reviewed by a panel of national and international referees. The journal will consider submissions from all over world on research works has not been published or is currently being considered for publication in another journal.

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  volume 15.

  July-August 2024

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Latest articles

Effect of sodium chloride and boron stress on germination percentage and amylase activity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).

Bhudeo Rana Yashu1, Khusboo Gupta2, Uday Pratap Singh3 and Savita Jangde*4

| Published online : 10-Jul-2024

Effect of Different Weed Management Methods on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) Cultivars under the Foot Hill Conditions of Nagaland

Mallepu S. Likhitha Reddy1, T. Gohain2 and Khrawbor Dkhar*3

| Published online : 08-Jul-2024

Phytochemical Analysis, Identification, Isolation, and Biological Activity of Ellagitannin from Acetone Leaf Extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers (Lythraceae)

V. Maivizhi1 and P. S. Sujatha*2

| Published online : 06-Jul-2024

An Investive Study on Water Quality Parameters of Lakhanvaram Lake Water and its Suitability for Drinking

Neeta Kagada*1 and K. Shailaja2

| Published online : 04-Jul-2024

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Indian Journal of Animal Research

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SJR 0.263 |

Impact Factor 0.4 (2024)

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SJR 0.391 |

Impact Factor 0.8 (2024)

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Agricultural science digest.

NAAS 5.52 |

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research

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Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika

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Online first articles.

• Full Research Article
• Published on 10-07-2024

Effect of Effective Microorganisms on Vegetative Growth of Wheat

• Basheer A. Abraheem ,
• Ahmed A. Hussein ,
• Naseer F. Shachai

Genetic Diversity Robinia pseudoacacia L. Growing in Drought Conditions using ISSR

• P.A. Kuzmin ,
• P.A. Krylov

Molecular Characterisation and Toxicity Analysis of Indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Isolates against Cucurbit Fruit Fly Maggots, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquilett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

• T. Sharmitha ,
• V. Balasubramani ,
• T. Elaiyabharathi ,
• M. Raveendran ,
• L. Pugalendhi ,
• E. Kokiladevi

Rosmarinic Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity in Ehretia asperula Zollinger et Moritzi Cell Suspension Cultures

• P.T.M. Tram ,
• L.T.T. Tien
• Most recent
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• Published on 01-07-2024

Study of Fermented Cacao Beans using Aspergillus oryzae Isolated from Pea Coffee Leaves

• M.M. Nidhilangelo ,
• Ally C. Antony
• Published on 27-06-2024

Relative Distribution of M Cell in the Follicle-associated Epithelium of Peyer’s Patch and Solitary Lymphoid Nodule of Porcine Intestines

• C.K. Gautam ,
• Kabita Sarma ,
• M. Talukdar ,
• Munmun Sarma ,
• K.B.D. Choudhury ,
• N.N. Barman ,
• S. Tamuly ,
• Mridusmrita Buragohain
• Published on 26-06-2024

Development, Nutritional and Storage Analysis of Pearl Millet Value-added Traditional Snacks ( Namakpara , Mathri ) Enriched with Jamun Seed Powder

• Amita Beniwal ,
• Veenu Sangwan ,
• Asha Kawatra
• Review Article
• Published on 25-06-2024

Sexual Dimorphism in Commercially Important Fish Species in India: A Review

• Lovedeep Sharma ,
• Ranjeet Singh

Editorial Board

Yashpal singh malik.

• Guru Angad Dev Vet. and Animal Sci. Uni., Ludhiana, Punjab, INDIA

Pradeep K. Sharma

• Ex-Vice Chancellor
• Sher-e-Kashmir Uni. of Agri. Sciences and Technology, J&K, INDIA

Harjinder Singh

• Distinguished Professor and Director
• Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, NEW ZEALAND

Arvind kumar

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural Uni., Jhansi, U.P., INDIA

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Article Versions Notes

Zhou, J.; Zhang, X.; Qu, Z.; Zhang, C.; Wang, F.; Gao, T.; Yao, Y.; Liang, J. Progress in Research on Prevention and Control of Crop Fungal Diseases in the Context of Climate Change. Agriculture 2024 , 14 , 1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071108

Zhou J, Zhang X, Qu Z, Zhang C, Wang F, Gao T, Yao Y, Liang J. Progress in Research on Prevention and Control of Crop Fungal Diseases in the Context of Climate Change. Agriculture . 2024; 14(7):1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071108

Zhou, Jien, Xueyan Zhang, Zheng Qu, Chenchen Zhang, Feng Wang, Tongguo Gao, Yanpo Yao, and Junfeng Liang. 2024. "Progress in Research on Prevention and Control of Crop Fungal Diseases in the Context of Climate Change" Agriculture 14, no. 7: 1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071108

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Main Article Content

Effects of integrated fertilizer application on soil properties and yield of maize (zea mays l.) on nitisols in pawe district, northwestern ethiopia, seble getaneh, eyayu molla, dejene abera.

In many parts of Ethiopia, the primary challenge limiting crop productivity is the depletion of soil fertility. Despite being one of Ethiopia's primary cereal crops, the yields of maize are currently believed to be low owing to low soil fertility, continuous farming, and poor crop management. A field experiment was carried out on the Nitisols of Pawe Research Station in northwest Ethiopia during the 2020-21 cropping season to evaluate the effects of the integrated application of farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and maize yield. The treatments were a factorial combination of four levels of FYM (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 34.5, 69, and 103.5 kg ha-1) in the form of urea. Besides, 46 kg ha-1 P2O5 fertilizer was applied for all treatments. The experiment was arranged in RCBD with three replications. The result showed that combined applications of FYM and N fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) improved the soil pH, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable calcium. The combined application of 10 t ha-1 FYM and 69 kg ha-1 N recorded the highest maize grain yield (10,035.8 kg ha-1) and thousand-grain weight (415.97 g), while the interaction of 103.5 kg ha-1 N and 15 t ha-1 FYM produced the highest biomass yield (25.83 t ha-1). The combined application of 10 t ha-1 FYM and 69 kg ha-1N is therefore recommended for economical production (net benefit of 81,258.7 ETB ha-1 and acceptable MRR of 497.96%) of maize and soil fertility improvement in the study area and areas with similar agro-ecology.

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Blackstart (and Advanced Reactors) to the Rescue

An underappreciated feature of advanced reactors will strengthen the grid.

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“Blackstart” sounds like a character from a swashbuckling Errol Flynn flick, or maybe a horse that came in last at the Preakness. But blackstart generators are a critical part of grid resilience, and we are in serious need of more of them.

And now, for the first time, they can be zero-carbon nuclear.

Blackstart is an attribute of a generator. It means the generator can start up without outside help. This is a non-obvious and non-trivial virtue. As a rough analogy, a gasoline-powered car with a working battery is a blackstart machine; one with a dead battery isn’t, and will need a jump. Today’s nuclear reactors are especially reliant on the grid to supply power, as well as receive it as it is made.

But tomorrow’s reactors are designed to do something unimaginable for the ones running today: operate without fear of losing offsite power. This is a side benefit of a passively safe design; with reliance on natural forces like passive heat dissipation, natural circulation and gravity, and with fewer power-hungry internal systems, they can operate more independently. And that can be critical if human error or natural disaster knocks the grid down and engineers have to scramble to get it running again. Plants that can operate in abnormal conditions are always helpful, but these have the added benefit of being carbon-free.

Blackstart-capable advanced nuclear reactors are crucial for the challenges of a carbon-free grid, because most of the blackstart capability today is fossil-based. They are crucial as well for a decarbonized grid made fragile by less-reliable variable renewables. Advanced nuclear can underwrite decarbonization by getting the grid back online.

Advanced Reactors can be More Self-Reliant

The reason that reactor operators have always been concerned about outside power supplies is the production of “residual heat.” With fission, the energy doesn’t come all at once.

When fission stops, the fragments of atoms that have been split are unstable, and thus are radioactive. They seek to return to stability by giving off a particle (alpha or beta radiation) or a packet of energy (gamma radiation). And the atoms that were hit by a neutron but did not split, and instead absorbed the extra particle, are also unstable and give off radiation. The best known of these is plutonium, some of which becomes a fuel.

The radioactive materials created in the reactor will decay, and give off their particles or energy packets, on different schedules. Decay is measured in “half lives,” the time it takes for half the atomic nuclei to give off their radioactivity. The half life of these materials varies from fractions of a second to a few seconds, to months, years, decades or centuries.

But an instant after the reactor shuts down, it is giving off 6 or 7 percent as much energy as it did when it was running. That’s why it’s possible to have fuel damage that begins hours after fission stops.

Current-model reactors and the advanced reactors now moving towards commercial deployment take two different approaches to this problem. The current models maintain extensive systems to open valves, run pumps, and assure that cool water flows into the core, to prevent the water from boiling away and the fuel overheating and melting. The power needed for these tasks doesn’t come from the reactor itself, because if the reactor trips, because of any of dozens of different failures, the power would be cut off. So designers run those components using electricity drawn from the grid, not from the plant’s own generator.

This introduces three difficulties. One is that if the grid goes down, or even suffers a brief upset, the plant goes down too. The second is that the plant can’t restart until the grid is working again. It needs outside power to align the valves, run the pumps, etc. And the third is that the plant operators have to maintain a sophisticated and expensive system of diesel generators that will provide emergency power. They are not big enough to run reactor coolant pumps, though.

Advanced reactors are also set up to have adequate cooling after shut-down, but without requiring electricity. And this turns out to be a crucial difference when it comes to blackstart.

The events in which blackstart generators are called on vary. Earthquakes can shut down broad areas of the grid, as can hurricanes. Some experts postulate that electromagnetic pulses or solar storms could cause widespread blackouts. Some occur because of human error. Whatever the cause of a blackout, blackstart generators are an element of resiliency.

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation, which sets rules for the grid, has recently identified a shortage of blackstart resources as a threat to recovery. The problem is especially acute in Texas. In Storm Uri, Texas grid operators found that some “blackstart” units wouldn’t actually start. That storm killed 246 people in Texas, some from lack of electricity.

Hydroelectric plants make good blackstart generators because they don’t need much electricity to open the gates that let water flow to the turbines, and to excite the generators. But hydroelectric plants can’t be everywhere.

Wind farms typically cannot start up without outside support, because they have pitch and yaw actuators that need power, as well as other equipment. Researchers have proposed diesel generators to allow them to do so, but this is uncommon, and in crisis conditions, sometimes the wind is not blowing. Solar farms can also be blackstart generators, but they could only work when the sun is shining, and they typically only produce electricity for an average of 10 hours a day, even when it’s sunny. At some times of year, they produce considerably less.

Rooftop solar is sometimes marketed as back-up generation if the grid goes down, but it isn’t unless it has a fairly complicated and expensive battery system. And even then, it’s not set up to export power in a way that would jump-start other generators.

And all the nuclear power reactors running in the United States today need grid power to get themselves started up.

A New Capability

Enter advanced reactor designs.

The ones that are water-based, like today’s reactors, have smaller cores, and these leak heat from their outer surfaces. If the core is small enough and designed to allow “passive” heat removal, with no moving parts, then there is no need for an emergency core cooling system like the ones in today’s reactors. NuScale has a design licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission with more water per unit than a typical reactor, but is only about 7 percent as powerful as a Westinghouse AP1000—the design of the reactors recently completed in Georgia. The core sits in a containment shell and the shell is immersed in a huge pool of water. During normal operations, a vacuum layer inside the shell keeps heat in; if cooling is interrupted, the vacuum is broken, and heat flows passively to the pool.

The key point of these details is that the reactor does not need emergency pumps or electricity to power those pumps. If facing a complete blackout, as happened at Fukushima after the earthquake in March 2011, the core stays safe.

But there is a side benefit: Without big in-house electric loads it can restart without grid power. It would need a diesel generator, but that generator could be a simple off-the-shelf model. It would not need to be safety-rated. And the reactor could be allowed to operate if the generator was offline for maintenance or repair. In contrast, current-model reactors have twin diesels for each unit, and if one breaks down, plant managers have only a certain number of hours to fix it or they have to shut the reactor down because of the risk that the surviving diesel might also go bad. Rules like that make advanced reactors that don’t need diesels less prone to unplanned shutdowns.

In the NuScale configuration, a cluster of small reactors, one could be restarted independent of the grid and its energy could be used to let the others restart too.

The newest GE-Hitachi design, the BWRX, does not have blackstart capability in the standard design, but can start up without grid power if a small gas turbine is attached , the company says. The Westinghouse AP300, which is a step behind in the commercial race, does not advertise blackstart capability but does have a robust ability to withstand total loss of power, according to the company.

The Natrium project in Kemmerer, Wyoming, will also have blackstart capability. Natrium and other advanced designs have an additional advantage: Their fuel form tolerates very high heat. In some cases, the fuel form requires high heat.

Natrium, for example, has a normal operating temperature of 500 to 550 degrees C (932 to 1,022 degrees F), but the sodium coolant, already melted in normal operation, won’t boil until it hits about 900 degrees C (1,652 degrees F). Water-based reactors like the ones operating now have a smaller margin, because if they depressurize the water will boil away fairly quickly.

Other reactor designs don’t advertise a blackstart capability but do stress that they don’t need power from the grid or emergency generators to stay safe. Kairos Power uses fuel “pebbles” that are uranium encased in multiple layers of heat-resistant materials, floating in a bath of molten salt that is heated up to 650 degrees C (1,202 degrees F). But the coolant salt can’t boil below 1,430 degrees C (2,606 degrees F).

Thus, emergency cooling is “driven by fundamental physics rather than engineered systems,” the company says.

Building a clean, resilient grid is going to mean picking generators with an eye to what the system needs. When the lights go out (or, more realistically, the home heating system, the air conditioning, the well pump, the power for the router and the wi-fi, etc) the first question everybody asks is, when will it come back on? If the outage is widespread, the answer is that recovery will start at the edges and slowly work its way inward, unless there is adequate blackstart capability. Providing blackstart capability is another way that advanced nuclear will help meet the grid’s needs.

Matthew L. Wald

Matthew L. Wald is an independent energy analyst and writer. He was a reporter for thirty-eight years at The New York Times where he covered climate, energy, and other subjects. He was also a policy analyst and communications consultant for six years at the Nuclear Energy Institute.

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Antibacterial Test of Dadih Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Its Effects on Native Chicken Immunity Organs

• Nurzainah Ginting Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
• Yunilas Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
• Edhi Mirwandhono Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
• Y. Y. Lin National Taiwan University, Taiwan

Dadih contains lactic acid bacteria that are antimicrobial so that it can be utilized to maintain the health of poultry such as native chickens. This study aims to prove the ability of dadih to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Salmonella . This study will also try to find out invivo effect of dadih on the organ immunity of native chicken infected with Salmonella . Antimicrobial research uses disc diffusion method with antimicrobial zone parameter. The invivo study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and five replications where the parameter was the development of immunity organs namely thymus, bursa fabrisius and spleen. The results showed that the antimicrobial test of dadih against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Salmonella caused a zone of inhibition of 7.84, 6.63 and 8.34 mm. Dadih treatment significantly affected the percentage of thymus, bursa fabrisius and spleen. As conclusion that dadih is able to suppress the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Salmonella at medium strength with a range of inhibition zone between 6.63-8.34.  Dadih is also able to maintain the health of native chicken.

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